MeSH

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.

Year introduced: 2003

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

Year introduced: 2003

Coding or noncoding RNAs which regulate the expression of other RNA transcripts by competing for shared MICRORNAS.

Year introduced: 2024

MicroRNAs found in cell-free BODY FLUIDS such as SERUM; PLASMA; SALIVA; OR URINE.

Year introduced: 2018

A family of RNA-binding proteins that has specificity for MICRORNAS and SMALL INTERFERING RNA molecules. The proteins take part in RNA processing events as core components of RNA-induced silencing complex.

Year introduced: 2012

Nuclear bodies in which architectural LONG NCRNAS (e.g., NEAT1) sequester various regulatory proteins regulating gene expression including RNA modification (e.g., A-to-I RNA EDITING) and MICRORNAS maturation.

Year introduced: 2022

Chemically-engineered oligonucleotides used to selectively inhibit expression of target genes through sequence-specific binding of corresponding microRNA (miRNA) sites.

Year introduced: 2017