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Low serum osmolality

MedGen UID:
1054832
•Concept ID:
CN377509
•
Finding
HPO: HP:6000680

Definition

Serum osmolality, which is defined as the sum of the osmolalities of every single dissolved particle in the blood such as sodium and associated anions, potassium, glucose, and urea, is below the lower limit of normal. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLow serum osmolality

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Development of diagnostic criteria and severity scale for polydipsia: A systematic literature review and well-experienced clinicians' consensus.
Sakuma M, Misawa F, Maeda M, Fujii Y, Uchida H, Mimura M, Takeuchi H
Psychiatry Res 2021 Mar;297:113708. Epub 2021 Jan 4 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113708. PMID: 33461119
Etiology and management of hyponatremia in neurosurgical patients.
Upadhyay UM, Gormley WB
J Intensive Care Med 2012 May-Jun;27(3):139-44. Epub 2011 Feb 23 doi: 10.1177/0885066610395489. PMID: 21345881
Venlafaxine hyponatraemia: incidence, mechanism and management.
Roxanas M, Hibbert E, Field M
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2007 May;41(5):411-8. doi: 10.1080/00048670701261202. PMID: 17464733

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Association between serum osmolality and deteriorating renal function in patients with acute myocardial infarction: analysis of the MIMIC- IV database.
Luo X, Tang Y, Shu Y, Xu B, Liu J, Lv Z
BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024 Sep 13;24(1):490. doi: 10.1186/s12872-024-04159-5. PMID: 39271971Free PMC Article
SIADH in Systemic JIA Resolving After Treatment With an IL-6 Inhibitor.
Hodax JK, Bialo SR, Yalcindag A
Pediatrics 2018 Jan;141(1) Epub 2017 Dec 14 doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-4174. PMID: 29242269
Do vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists benefit cirrhotics with refractory ascites?
Fukui H
World J Gastroenterol 2015 Nov 7;21(41):11584-96. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11584. PMID: 26556988Free PMC Article
Etiology and management of hyponatremia in neurosurgical patients.
Upadhyay UM, Gormley WB
J Intensive Care Med 2012 May-Jun;27(3):139-44. Epub 2011 Feb 23 doi: 10.1177/0885066610395489. PMID: 21345881
Venlafaxine hyponatraemia: incidence, mechanism and management.
Roxanas M, Hibbert E, Field M
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2007 May;41(5):411-8. doi: 10.1080/00048670701261202. PMID: 17464733

Diagnosis

Electrolyte Imbalance in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: It Is Not All in Your Head.
Gadoth A, Nisnboym M, Alcalay Y, Zubkov A, Schwartz I, Schwartz D, Abboud M, Rubinek T, Yossepowitch O, Weinstein T
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2023 Nov;10(6) Epub 2023 Aug 17 doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200155. PMID: 37591767Free PMC Article
Hyponatraemia induced hyperCKaemia.
Khandhadiya K, Prabhu K, Shivashankara KN, Rao P
BMJ Case Rep 2013 Sep 12;2013 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-200398. PMID: 24031075Free PMC Article
Hyponatremia in hospitalized patients: the potential role of tolvaptan.
Deitelzweig SB, McCormick L
Hosp Pract (1995) 2011 Aug;39(3):87-98. doi: 10.3810/hp.2011.08.584. PMID: 21881396
Voriconazole-associated salt-losing nephropathy.
Teranishi J, Nagatoya K, Kakita T, Yamauchi Y, Matsuda H, Mori T, Inoue T
Clin Exp Nephrol 2010 Aug;14(4):377-80. Epub 2010 Jun 22 doi: 10.1007/s10157-010-0305-0. PMID: 20567873
Polyuria in childhood.
Leung AK, Robson WL, Halperin ML
Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1991 Nov;30(11):634-40. doi: 10.1177/000992289103001104. PMID: 1747978

Therapy

SIADH in Systemic JIA Resolving After Treatment With an IL-6 Inhibitor.
Hodax JK, Bialo SR, Yalcindag A
Pediatrics 2018 Jan;141(1) Epub 2017 Dec 14 doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-4174. PMID: 29242269
Do vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists benefit cirrhotics with refractory ascites?
Fukui H
World J Gastroenterol 2015 Nov 7;21(41):11584-96. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11584. PMID: 26556988Free PMC Article
Hyponatremia, heart failure, and the role of tolvaptan.
O'Connell JB, Alemayehu A
Postgrad Med 2012 Mar;124(2):29-39. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2012.03.2534. PMID: 22437213
Hyponatremia in hospitalized patients: the potential role of tolvaptan.
Deitelzweig SB, McCormick L
Hosp Pract (1995) 2011 Aug;39(3):87-98. doi: 10.3810/hp.2011.08.584. PMID: 21881396
Voriconazole-associated salt-losing nephropathy.
Teranishi J, Nagatoya K, Kakita T, Yamauchi Y, Matsuda H, Mori T, Inoue T
Clin Exp Nephrol 2010 Aug;14(4):377-80. Epub 2010 Jun 22 doi: 10.1007/s10157-010-0305-0. PMID: 20567873

Prognosis

Association between serum osmolality and deteriorating renal function in patients with acute myocardial infarction: analysis of the MIMIC- IV database.
Luo X, Tang Y, Shu Y, Xu B, Liu J, Lv Z
BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024 Sep 13;24(1):490. doi: 10.1186/s12872-024-04159-5. PMID: 39271971Free PMC Article
Electrolyte Imbalance in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: It Is Not All in Your Head.
Gadoth A, Nisnboym M, Alcalay Y, Zubkov A, Schwartz I, Schwartz D, Abboud M, Rubinek T, Yossepowitch O, Weinstein T
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2023 Nov;10(6) Epub 2023 Aug 17 doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200155. PMID: 37591767Free PMC Article
SIADH in Systemic JIA Resolving After Treatment With an IL-6 Inhibitor.
Hodax JK, Bialo SR, Yalcindag A
Pediatrics 2018 Jan;141(1) Epub 2017 Dec 14 doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-4174. PMID: 29242269
Role of vaptans in the management of hyponatremia.
Lehrich RW, Ortiz-Melo DI, Patel MB, Greenberg A
Am J Kidney Dis 2013 Aug;62(2):364-76. Epub 2013 May 29 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.01.034. PMID: 23725974
Hyponatremia, heart failure, and the role of tolvaptan.
O'Connell JB, Alemayehu A
Postgrad Med 2012 Mar;124(2):29-39. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2012.03.2534. PMID: 22437213

Clinical prediction guides

Development of diagnostic criteria and severity scale for polydipsia: A systematic literature review and well-experienced clinicians' consensus.
Sakuma M, Misawa F, Maeda M, Fujii Y, Uchida H, Mimura M, Takeuchi H
Psychiatry Res 2021 Mar;297:113708. Epub 2021 Jan 4 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113708. PMID: 33461119
Role of vaptans in the management of hyponatremia.
Lehrich RW, Ortiz-Melo DI, Patel MB, Greenberg A
Am J Kidney Dis 2013 Aug;62(2):364-76. Epub 2013 May 29 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.01.034. PMID: 23725974
Venlafaxine hyponatraemia: incidence, mechanism and management.
Roxanas M, Hibbert E, Field M
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2007 May;41(5):411-8. doi: 10.1080/00048670701261202. PMID: 17464733
Ectopic production of antidiuretic hormone (adh), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) by an oat cell carcinoma of the lung.
Coscia M, Brown HD, Miller M, Tanaka K, Nicholson WE, Parks KR, Orth DN
Am J Med 1977 Feb;62(2):303-7. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(77)90327-8. PMID: 189605

Recent systematic reviews

Development of diagnostic criteria and severity scale for polydipsia: A systematic literature review and well-experienced clinicians' consensus.
Sakuma M, Misawa F, Maeda M, Fujii Y, Uchida H, Mimura M, Takeuchi H
Psychiatry Res 2021 Mar;297:113708. Epub 2021 Jan 4 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113708. PMID: 33461119

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