Home remedies for herpes may help manage symptoms. These include using a cold compress and consuming enough zinc and vitamin C in your diet. Antivirals can also help shorten outbreaks.

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) results in an infection that can cause oral or genital herpes.

  • Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the virus that typically causes oral herpes. You can get it through contact with the sores and saliva. In some cases, oral sex can spread oral herpes to the genitals.
  • Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the virus that typically causes genital herpes. You can get it through sexual contact, even when sores are not present.

Both types of herpes are common. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 4 billion people have either HSV-1 (3.7 billion) or HSV-2 (400 million).

For people with a herpes lesion outbreak, symptoms can be uncomfortable. Herpes simplex virus remains in your body long term, though often in a dormant state without symptoms. There is currently no known cure, but you may be able to relieve symptoms during an HSV-1 or HSV-2 outbreak through home remedies.

Doctors can prescribe oral antiviral medications to help minimize outbreaks and shorten their duration. Less severe outbreaks may not require prescription treatment.

If you’re experiencing your first outbreak, oral antivirals can significantly lessen your discomfort and the length of the outbreak. Some people also use home remedies to supplement their prescribed recommended treatment plan.

Keep reading to learn about home remedies for herpes symptoms and doctor-prescribed treatments to shorten a herpes flare.

You may be able to reduce inflammation, irritation, and other symptoms of a herpes flare-up with home remedies.

However, these remedies do not replace a clinical treatment plan. Many of them are only supported by in-vitro studies, meaning they were tested in test tubes but not in humans. The human body is much more complex, and what may be effective in a test tube study may not work the same way in your body.

It’s important to always talk with a doctor or another healthcare professional before you try any alternative treatment. They can discuss possible dosages, side effects, and interactions.

These home remedies may help ease outbreak-related swelling, itching, and stinging related to herpes.

Cool compress

It may be helpful to use a cold compress to reduce swelling. Apply an ice pack or a clean, soft washcloth filled with ice to the affected area. Repeat as needed every 4 hours. Be sure to never place ice directly on the skin, as this can lead to skin damage.

Topical garlic

According to a 2020 review of research, garlic may have antiviral properties against both strains of herpes in test tube studies. Note that fresh, undiluted garlic will likely burn when applied to the skin.

Topical apple cider vinegar (ACV)

ACV is known for its anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. However, research hasn’t yet shown that applying it topically can treat a herpes flare. If you decide to try this home remedy, it’s best to dilute ACV well or use an ACV-containing product that’s formulated for use on the skin.

Clinical evidence suggests that changing your diet may help prevent outbreaks and speed up the healing process. That’s because eating certain foods and avoiding others may boost your immune system and, in turn, help your body respond to the herpes virus.

Omega-3 fatty acids

Omega 3-chain fatty acids may help to support your immune system.

Foods rich in these fatty acids include:

  • salmon
  • mackerel
  • flaxseed
  • chia seeds

Vitamin C

Research suggests vitamin C may help to reudce the recurrence of certain types of HSV, especially when combined with antiviral medications. It may also help reduce the time to remission and lower the risk of recurrence.

Foods high in vitamin C include colorful fruits and vegetables, including:

  • bell peppers
  • oranges
  • strawberries
  • mango
  • papaya

Zinc

Two small studies referenced in a 2023 review of research suggest that zinc may reduce the number of herpes outbreaks you have while also giving you a longer time between outbreaks. You can increase the zinc in your diet by eating:

  • eggs
  • chickpeas
  • oats
  • beef

Taking zinc supplements may also help with a herpes outbreak.

Vitamin B12

A study published in 2021 suggests vitamin B12 deficiency may increase the risk of reactivating the herpes virus in certain cases.

B12, one of eight B vitamins, may boost your immune system to keep the herpes virus at bay. It also supports healthy cell growth, which is essential for healing during an active flare-up.

You can get B12 from:

  • beef
  • tuna
  • fortified cereal
  • eggs
  • dairy products

Avoid acidic foods

Acidic foods may irritate cold sores before they’re healed. Fruit juice, beer, sodas, and processed foods all tend to be more acidic. Consider limiting these foods and substituting water or sparkling seltzer instead.

Avoid L-arginine

Some research suggests avoiding eating large quantities of foods high in arginine may help prevent cold sores. Large amounts of these foods may trigger viral diseases, including herpes.

Foods rich in L-arginine include:

  • almonds
  • peanuts
  • spinach
  • chocolate

Avoid or limit processed or preservative-heavy foods

A 2021 research review suggests that processed food containing synthetic preservatives may contribute to oxidative stress. Keeping oxidative stress levels low may promote healing during active herpes infections.

Supplements may help in supporting your immune system and helping your body suppress outbreaks.

But it’s important to note that the Food and Drug Administration does not regulate supplements like drugs. It’s important that you always talk with a healthcare professional before taking any supplement. Some supplements may interact with over-the-counter and prescription medications.

Increasing certain nutrients may not have the same benefits as getting those supplements through foods. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) recommends that most people meet their nutritional requirements through food, if possible.

Lysine

Lysine is an amino acid that supports digestion and healthy cell growth. Research into lysine’s potential to prevent herpes simplex outbreaks is ongoing.

Lysine can cause unwanted side effects when taken in high doses, which are typically required for viral infections, so be sure to talk with a healthcare professional before trying it.

Lysine can be found in many foods, including:

  • avocados
  • quinoa
  • beans
  • nuts and seeds

Probiotics

Older in vitro research and a 2023 in-vitro study suggest certain strains of probiotic bacteria can help generate an immune response against herpes infections. Probiotic supplements containing strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus have shown promise in improving immune function. Taking probiotics may also strengthen your immune system.

While research suggests there are health benefits, the FDA doesn’t monitor or regulate the purity or quality of essential oils. It’s important to talk with a healthcare professional before you begin using essential oils and be sure to research the quality of a brand’s products. Always do a patch test before trying a new essential oil.

Certain topicals, when used correctly, may support cold sore healing and relieve discomfort. However, more research is needed in this area.

How to use essential oils

Many topical ingredients, such as essential oils, can irritate the skin if they’re not diluted. Carrier oils, like jojoba and coconut oil, should be used for all essential oils and for the plant extract witch hazel.

Essential oils can also be used for aromatherapy. However, be mindful of your surroundings if you’re using aromatherapy. Some essential oils are toxic to pets and can be dangerous for pregnant people.

Essential oils should never be ingested. Some topicals, such as aloe vera or manuka honey, are not essential oils and can be applied to the skin directly.

Be sure to do a patch test before performing a full application. This is the only way to ensure that you’re not applying an irritating substance to an already sensitive area.

You can do a simple patch test by following these steps:

  1. Apply the topical to your forearm.
  2. Wait 24 hours.
  3. If you experience any itching, inflammation, or other irritation, wash the area thoroughly and discontinue use.
  4. If you do not experience any adverse symptoms within 24 hours, it should be safe to apply elsewhere.

Lemon balm

Lemon balm (in a diluted cream form) is one of the few ingredients with some scientific data indicating it could help fight herpes infection and reduce symptoms. However, these were not human studies, so it’s not clear how effective lemon balm would be in treating herpes infection in people.

Aloe vera

Aloe vera has wound-healing properties. A 2021 review of research, based mostly on studies on animals or in vitro, suggests aloe vera has an antiviral ability that may soothe and heal herpes lesions. However, more human research is needed to prove its effectiveness.

Tea tree oil

In older lab studies, tea tree oil, an antiviral ingredient, has shown promise in preventing recurrent herpes outbreaks. Experts note that more research is needed to better understand its antiviral effects. Tea tree oil must be diluted with carrier oil before being used on a cold sore or genital herpes.

Witch hazel

Witch hazel has antiviral properties. Some people can use pure witch hazel without experiencing irritation, while others find that it stings. If you have sensitive skin, consider diluting witch hazel in water or a carrier oil.

Manuka honey

Research from 2021 suggests topical application of manuka honey may be as effective or more so compared with topical acyclovir at treating HSV-1 and HSV-2. Manuka honey can be applied directly without dilution.

Chamomile

Chamomile is well known as a relaxing and soothing herb. It can be used in teas, but some older in vitro research (lab research that does not involve humans) also suggests that chamomile essential oil has soothing and virus-fighting properties that may help treat HSV-2. If used as an essential oil, it must be diluted with a carrier oil before applying it to the skin.

Ginger essential oil

Ginger essential oil may have the potential to destroy the herpes virus on contact, according to older in vitro studies. If used as an essential oil, it must be diluted with a carrier oil before applying it to the skin.

Thyme essential oil

Thyme essential oil also has properties that help it target the herpes virus. If used as an essential oil, it must be diluted with a carrier oil before applying it to the skin.

Lavender oil

Lavender oil may also defend against the herpes virus. If used as an essential oil, it must be diluted with a carrier oil before applying it to the skin.

Eucalyptus oil

In addition to antiviral effects, eucalyptus oil has properties that can help soothe and promote healing. It must be diluted with a carrier oil.

Mexican oregano essential oil

Mexican oregano oil contains carvacrol, an antiviral ingredient that 2011 research suggests can inhibit a range of viruses, including HSV-2. It must be diluted with a carrier oil.

Licorice root

A 2021 review of research suggests that licorice root’s active ingredient has both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties make licorice extract a promising treatment for herpes outbreaks. You can apply licorice root directly without dilution.

Echinacea

Echinacea extract may be an effective antiviral against both strains of herpes simplex, according to a 2019 review of research studies. It’s also an anti-inflammatory, which may soothe existing flare-ups. You can apply echinacea extract directly on the skin.

Neem essential oil

Neem essential oil may also be effective against HSV, according to older research. Pure neem essential oil is potent and may burn your skin. It must be diluted with a carrier oil.

Here are a few important things to consider before treating herpes symptoms with any of the remedies on this list.

New infection

A healthcare professional should always supervise your herpes management plan. It’s important to talk with them before you try home remedies if any of the following apply to you:

  • you’ve recently been exposed to herpes but do not know if you contracted the virus
  • you may have been exposed to herpes, and you’re experiencing sores or genital warts but have yet to take a herpes test
  • you’ve tested positive for herpes with an at-home test but have not discussed your test results with a healthcare professional yet
  • you’re immunocompromised

Pregnancy

It’s possible for babies to contract herpes during delivery. Birth-acquired herpes, also known as neonatal herpes, is considered rare in the United States, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). However, it can lead to complications, such as developmental issues or damage to the baby’s nervous system.

If you’re experiencing herpes symptoms or if there is a chance you may have developed a herpes infection during pregnancy, it’s important to speak with your OB-GYN.

Recurring outbreaks

A new herpes infection can lead to sores that last several weeks. Afterward, sores tend to appear less frequently, and flare-ups do not typically last as long.

If you’re experiencing frequent outbreaks, it could indicate an underlying immune issue. It’s best to speak with a doctor.

Here are some general tips for herpes outbreak management.

If you have a cold sore:

  • Do replace your old toothbrush with a new one.
  • Do load up on rest, vitamin C, and zinc supplements when your stress levels are high.
  • Do use a hypoallergenic, clear lip balm with SPF to protect your skin from sun, wind, and cold exposure.
  • Avoid sharing cups or drinks during the outbreak.
  • Avoid trying to pop, drain, or otherwise interfere with the cold sore while it’s healing.

If you have a genital herpes outbreak:

  • Do wear cotton undergarments and loose clothing.
  • Do take long warm showers and keep the area clean and dry at all other times.
  • Avoid soaking in hot tubs or baths.
  • Avoid sex. It’s possible for the virus to spread even if you use a condom.

What triggers herpes outbreaks?

Many factors, such as stress, illness, menstrual cycles, sunlight, and certain foods may trigger herpes outbreaks.

Can you permanently cure herpes on your own?

There is currently no cure for the herpes virus. However, there are preventive measures you can take to help prevent cold sores.

How long do herpes sores last?

Herpes flare-ups typically last about a week. Initial outbreaks may last longer, typically about 2 weeks.

What happens if herpes is not managed?

Herpes doesn’t necessarily lead to complications if not treated or managed. Some people don’t know they have herpes and live without symptoms or treatment.

Unmanaged herpes can lead to outbreaks of painful lesions, and having any kind of sexual contact during an outbreak can pass the virus to other people. Keep in mind, herpes can be transmitted without an active outbreak as well.

It’s especially important that a healthcare professional is involved in treating herpes infection in pregnant people or those who have a suppressed immune system.

Although home remedies can be a helpful complementary therapy, they are not a substitute for medical treatment.

If your current treatment plan does not seem to be working, consider making an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional. They can assess your symptoms and work with you to find the right treatment options, such as medication. They may also be able to recommend other complementary treatments.

If your symptoms worsen after trying a home remedy, discontinue use and talk with a healthcare professional.