@@ -137,21 +137,21 @@ SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
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BUILD directory for the kernel:
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- When compiling the kernel all output files will per default be
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+ When compiling the kernel, all output files will per default be
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stored together with the kernel source code.
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Using the option "make O=output/dir" allow you to specify an alternate
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place for the output files (including .config).
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Example:
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kernel source code: /usr/src/linux-3.X
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build directory: /home/name/build/kernel
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- To configure and build the kernel use:
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+ To configure and build the kernel, use:
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cd /usr/src/linux-3.X
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make O=/home/name/build/kernel menuconfig
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make O=/home/name/build/kernel
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sudo make O=/home/name/build/kernel modules_install install
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- Please note: If the 'O=output/dir' option is used then it must be
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+ Please note: If the 'O=output/dir' option is used, then it must be
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used for all invocations of make.
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CONFIGURING the kernel:
@@ -230,15 +230,15 @@ COMPILING the kernel:
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possible to do "make install" if you have lilo installed to suit the
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kernel makefiles, but you may want to check your particular lilo setup first.
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- To do the actual install you have to be root, but none of the normal
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+ To do the actual install, you have to be root, but none of the normal
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build should require that. Don't take the name of root in vain.
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- If you configured any of the parts of the kernel as `modules', you
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will also have to do "make modules_install".
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- Verbose kernel compile/build output:
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- Normally the kernel build system runs in a fairly quiet mode (but not
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+ Normally, the kernel build system runs in a fairly quiet mode (but not
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totally silent). However, sometimes you or other kernel developers need
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to see compile, link, or other commands exactly as they are executed.
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For this, use "verbose" build mode. This is done by inserting
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ COMPILING the kernel:
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- Booting a kernel directly from a floppy without the assistance of a
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bootloader such as LILO, is no longer supported.
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- If you boot Linux from the hard drive, chances are you use LILO which
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+ If you boot Linux from the hard drive, chances are you use LILO, which
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uses the kernel image as specified in the file /etc/lilo.conf. The
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kernel image file is usually /vmlinuz, /boot/vmlinuz, /bzImage or
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/boot/bzImage. To use the new kernel, save a copy of the old image
@@ -320,15 +320,15 @@ IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG:
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incomprehensible to you, but it does contain information that may
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help debugging the problem. The text above the dump is also
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important: it tells something about why the kernel dumped code (in
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- the above example it's due to a bad kernel pointer). More information
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+ the above example, it's due to a bad kernel pointer). More information
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on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/oops-tracing.txt
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- If you compiled the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS you can send the dump
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as is, otherwise you will have to use the "ksymoops" program to make
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sense of the dump (but compiling with CONFIG_KALLSYMS is usually preferred).
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This utility can be downloaded from
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ftp://ftp.<country>.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/ .
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- Alternately you can do the dump lookup by hand:
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+ Alternately, you can do the dump lookup by hand:
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- In debugging dumps like the above, it helps enormously if you can
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look up what the EIP value means. The hex value as such doesn't help
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