Handbook of Zoology Online

Editor-in-Chief: Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa, Zoologisches Museum/Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Germany

• Annelida-Series: Markus Böggemann, University of Vechta, Germany; Günter Purschke, University of Osnabrück, Germany; Wilfried Westheide, University of Osnabrück, Germany
• Arthropoda-Series: Rolf G. Beutel, University of Jena, Germany
• Mammalia-Series: Frank Zachos, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria

Here you will find instructions for searching in the Handbook of Zoology Online and explanations of the individual search functions.

Search

You have two different options for searching.

Search form

The search form allows you to search using various search criteria. To do so, select the appropriate criterion in the search field and enter your search term(s) in the search field. The following search criteria are available:

1. Full Text: Searches in all entries for the entered terms. Finds all entries that contain all searched terms and therefore returns the most results. For a more specific search, the other search criteria are more suitable.
   
   The following operators can be used in the search field:

• *: Added to a string. Searches for entries including all terms that match the searched string with any addition.
• AND: Searches for entries including all the terms connected by this operator (default search function).
• OR: Searches for entries including at least one of the terms connected by this operator.
• NOT: Searches for entries including the first, but not the second of the terms connected by this operator.

These operators can be combined with each other.

Please note: The search is not case sensitive.

You have the option to apply several search criteria at the same time. To do this, click on "Add row" in the search form. This creates a second search field in which you can set another search criterion (or else the same one). You can create as many additional search fields as you like.
If you use more than one search field, the search will find all entries that match all search criteria ("Search for all of these terms"). Instead, you can also select "Search for any of these terms" above the search fields, which will cause the search to find all entries that match at least one of the searched criteria.
By clicking on "Add NOT" you create a search field to which you can assign a search criterion. Terms entered in this search field will be excluded from the search. You can add this search field as often as you like.
By combining the above functions, you are able to perform very specific searches.

Example

You want to search the Handbook of Zoology Online for all entries that mention the word "Reproduction" and were published in english language. However, you want to exclude the publication “Volume 1: Annelida Basal Groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria I” from the search. For this you use the search form as follows:

1. Create a second search field via "Add row".
2. Select the search for "all of these terms" (default option).
3. In the first search field, select the search criterion Full Text and enter the search term "Reproduction".
4. In the second search field, select the search criterion Entry language and select “Englisch / English” in the dropdown menu of the search field.
5. Create a third search field via "Add NOT". This is marked with a "NOT".
6. Select the search criterion Publication in this search field and select “Volume 1: Annelida Basal Groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria I” in the dropdown menu of the search field.
7. After clicking on "Search" you will see 10 out of 138 hits in the results list.

Browse

The browse button allows you to quickly search for the search criterion “Animal phyla”. The results list of a browse search can be further searched via the search form as described above.

Results list

The results that match your search are listed on one or more pages. The number of search results as well as the search criteria can be found above the results list.

Each search result consists of the title of the entry, author(s) if existent, access information, entry type, online publication date (print publication date in brackets, if applicable), the cover of the database as well as a button to download the PDF ("Download PDF"), if available, and a text preview showing relevant text passages and highlighting the searched term in yellow (only for Full Text search criterion).

You can access a search result by clicking on the title or cover of the database. If you do not have access to the database, please log in first.

The search results are sorted by relevancy (frequency and weighting of the searched terms). You can also sort by date ("New to old" or "Old to new") or by title ("A to Z" or "Z to A").
Furthermore, instead of the default 10 results per page, you can also display 20, 50 or 100 results per page.

The search results can be further restricted under "Filter Results". Various filter options are available for this:

1. Access: This option filters the search results according to who can access them. By default, "All content" is found. It is possible to filter by "Licensed content", "Open Access", "Publicly available" as well as "All available content".
2. Publication
3. Publication Year
4. Entry language

All filters can be combined with each other. Filtering by certain filter options excludes further certain filter options if there are no entries which match both options.