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by Stephen Smith

August 19, 2019

from Thunderbolts Website

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Galaxy NGC 5866 lies 44 million light-years from Earth and has a diameter of roughly 60,000 light-years - a little more than half the diameter of our own Milky Way galaxy.

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From our viewpoint, NGC 5866 is oriented almost exactly edge-on, yielding most of its structural features invisible.

Spitzer detects infrared light, and the red color here corresponds to a wavelength typically emitted by dust. The clean edges of the dust emission from NGC 5866 indicate that there is a very flat ring or disk of dust circling the outer region of the galaxy.

Spitzer took this image during its "cold" mission, which ended in 2009.

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The colors represent three infrared wavelengths captured by the Infrared Array Camera instrument.

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Blue light corresponds to a wavelength of 3.6 microns, produced mainly by stars; green corresponds to 4.5 microns, and red corresponds to 8 microns.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, manages the Spitzer Space Telescope mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.

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Science operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech in Pasadena. Space operations are based at Lockheed Martin Space Systems in Littleton, Colorado.

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Data are archived at the Infrared Science Archive housed at IPAC at Caltech. Caltech manages JPL for NASA.

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NASA launched the Spitzer Space Telescope on August 25, 2003.

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Spitzer�s mission is to scan the sky in infrared wavelengths, using detectors that were kept at -268� Celsius. That frigid temperature made it possible for the telescope to "see" wavelengths as long as 180,000 nanometers.

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In comparison, the deepest red light frequency visible to the human eye is approximately 750 nanometers.

Spitzer�s helium coolant was exhausted after five years, however, so it is now in its "warm" phase, but it can still detect infrared wavelengths in the 3,600 to 37,000 nanometer range.

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This is due to the deep cold in space, where the temperature of the instruments remains at -243� Celsius.

NGC 5866 is seen edge-on to the telescope, revealing the concentrated energy in its nucleus, as well as a toroidal structure emitting light at different wavelengths.

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Rather than dust left-over from its birth and evolution, the galaxy is most likely showing astronomers that it is like a Faraday motor, with its rotational inertia provided by the electromagnetic force flowing into it.

Galaxies are not driven by black holes and gravity, except peripherally.

Astronomers believe that galaxies are clouds of gas and dust that were teased together by gravity until they became fusion-fired furnaces.

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Consensus astronomers believe that galaxies are supported by black holes of unbelievable magnitude, as mentioned.

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It is those "gravitational point sources" that are said to impart spin to galaxies, while, in many instances, emitting jets of gamma rays and X-rays spanning thousands of light-years.

The fact that moving charges constitute an electric current that can generate light has been known since the days of Michael Faraday, as written above.

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That current is wrapped in a magnetic field.

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When more charged particles accelerate in the same direction, the field gets stronger. That is a familiar idea to electrical engineers, but when astronomers find moving charges in space they are mystified and refer to them as "winds," or "shock waves."

Something else not considered is that for charged particles to move, they must move in a circuit. Energetic events cannot be explained by local conditions, alone. The effects of an entire circuit must be considered.

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While the consensus scientific worldview only permits isolated "islands" in space, the Electric Universe emphasizes connectivity with an active network of "transmission lines" composed of Birkeland currents.

Galactic filaments can expand and explode, throwing off plasma accelerated to near the speed of light.

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Jets from opposite poles of a galaxy end in energetic clouds emitting X-ray frequencies. These phenomena are based in plasma science and not gas kinetics, gravity, or particle physics.

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The Electric Universe theory does not adhere to the idea of galaxies condensing out of cold, inert hydrogen and specks of zircon no bigger than a molecule.

In 1981, Hannes Alfv�n (The Plasma Universe of Hannes Alfv�n) said that galaxies are like homopolar motor/generators.

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A homopolar motor is driven by magnetic fields induced in a circular conducting plate. The plate is mounted between the poles of an electromagnet, causing it to spin at a rate proportional to the input current.

Galaxies move within a filamentary circuit of electricity that flows through the cosmos from beginning to end.

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Electricity organizes itself within masses of plasma sometimes larger than galaxy clusters. That plasma is primarily composed of neutral atoms,

but free electrons, protons and other charged particles are also present.

Primal electrical energy is orders of magnitude more powerful than gravity.

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The "plasma ropes" that comprise Birkeland currents attract one another in a 1√r relationship, so Birkeland currents are the most powerful long-range attractors in the Universe, sustaining galactic movement and morphology over the eons.

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