�
|
� |
|
�
|
� � �
from Holoscience.com Website � �
� Return to The Electric Universe � � � � � � �
In a broadly interdisciplinary inquiry such as this, communication itself can pose quite a challenge. Typically, the greatest difficulties in communication will occur when one is questioning something already "known" to be true. On matters of underlying principle, the confidence behind established ideas can be so high that discussion itself may seem quite senseless. This difficulty is aggravated by fragmentation of the process by which information is gathered and evaluated. �
The
specialization of intellectual inquiry carries with it certain risks
when assumptions within one discipline rest upon prior assumptions
in other disciplines. No one can be an expert on everything,
and when considering possibilities outside one�s personal expertise,
it is only natural to defer to what specialists in other studies
claim to know. But what are the consequences of this when
theoretical suppositions, though perceived as fact, cannot account
for compelling new fields of data? � The terror Lovecraft envisioned is only the first rush of uncertainty, when ideas long taken for granted are thrown into question by facts and simple reasoning previously ignored. The "piecing together of dissociated knowledge" will only require us to confront the deep contradictions in things experts have long claimed to know. With the courage to see clearly, the adventure itself could well be "the most merciful thing in the world," adding new insights into the greatest dramas of early human history and vital perspective to humanity�s situation in the cosmos. Lovecraft did not realize that the "terrifying vistas" are but a mirage seen through an open door. � The truth is always unified, and as such it can only be friendly to those who seek the truth first. As we pass through the door, it is not fear that goes with us, but the exhilaration of discovery.
�
- Wal Thornhill /
David Talbott��������
Go Back �
�
It
provides simple answers to problems that are now clothed in
fashionable metaphysics and mysticism. It is more interdisciplinary
and inclusive of information than any prior cosmology. It points to
practical possibilities far beyond the limits set by current
science. � The negatively charged electrons, and the positively charged atoms (known as positive ions) are then free to move separately under the influence of an applied voltage or magnetic field. Their net movement constitutes an electrical current. So, one of the more important properties of a plasma is that it can conduct electrical current. It does so by forming current filaments that follow magnetic field lines. �
Filamentary patterns are ubiquitous in the
cosmos. �
�
Most revolutions in science have come from
people who taught themselves outside the academic system and were
not constrained by the fallacies and fashions of the day. It has
been well
documented that modern institutions of science operate
in such a way as to enforce conformity and prevent
research and publication of revolutionary ideas. J. R. Saul
argues that medieval scholasticism was re-established during
the 20th century. If so, the new "Enlightenment" will have to
come, as before, from outside academia. � His method was forensic in that he looked for reports of physical events of a highly unusual nature that were nonetheless corroborated globally by totally separate cultures. Then by applying scientific knowledge of cause and effect, it was possible to build a very detailed model of the sequence of those events. Finally, the model enabled specific predictions to be made and confirmed - a requirement of a good scientific theory. � Some of the predictions he made were outrageous at the time:
Velikovsky was
right, astronomers of the day were wrong. However, you will not
find any textbook that gives him credit because his theory was
judged to be wrong. Presumably they were all lucky guesses! �
Any gravitational system with more than two orbiting
bodies is unstable. Yet the question is hardly ever asked, let
alone answered, "what produces the observed stability of the
solar system?" Velikovsky was convinced
� The survivors of global upheaval felt it imperative that the memory be preserved and passed down faithfully to future generations in the expectation that the "gods" would return. The memorialization took the form of architecture, ritual and story to re-enact the apocalyptic power of the planetary gods over human destiny. Such a catastrophic beginning explains why civilization appeared like a thunderclap out of nowhere. Unfortunately, with no reference points in the present behavior of the planets, the stories lost their real meaning. This short explanation may seem contrived until the wealth of supporting evidence can be presented. �
However, it highlights
the crucial distinction between the planetary catastrophism
of the Electric Universe and that of
neo-catastrophists who attempt to explain the evidence for
planetary encounters in terms of cometary phenomena.
Modern comets simply do not fit the
descriptions from the past. Nor can they account for abundant
evidence of fresh looking planetary cratering and scarring.
Besides, in an Electric Universe comets are not
the apocalyptic threat to the Earth imaginatively portrayed by
artists. Such pictures are entirely fanciful because a comet
would be disrupted electrically by a cosmic thunderbolt
before it hit the Earth. The only visible evidence
remaining would be an electric arc crater like
Meteor Crater in Arizona. �
By accepting data over a
far wider span of knowledge and human existence than conventional
cosmology allows, the Electric Universe model began to
provide pragmatic and common sense answers to many questions that
seem
The result is now a "Big
Picture" that emphasizes our dramatic prehistory and essential
connectedness to the universe. No longer do we have to look at
ourselves and the universe through the distorting sideshow mirrors
of modern science. � �
�
So redshift cannot be a measure of distance.
Most of the redshift is intrinsic to the object. But there is
more: Arp found that the intrinsic redshift of a
quasar or galaxy took discrete values, which decreased with distance
from a central active galaxy. In Arp�s new view of the
cosmos, active galaxies "give birth" to
high redshift quasars and companion galaxies.
Redshift becomes a measure of the relative ages of nearby
quasars and galaxies, not their distance. As a quasar
or galaxy ages, the redshift
decreases in discrete steps, or quanta. � If Arp is right many experts are going to look very silly. His discovery sounded the alarm in some halls of Academe and since nobody likes a loud noise - particularly if they are asleep - the knee-jerk response was to attack the guy with his finger on the alarm button. �
Arp�s telescope time
was denied, papers rejected, and he was forced to leave the US to
pursue his work. � �
�
It explains simply the powerful
electric jets seen issuing along the spin axis from the
cores of active galaxies. Recent results from mapping the
magnetic field of a spiral galaxy confirm the electric model. �
Incredible gravitational models involving invisible "black
holes" have had to be invented in a desperate attempt to
explain how the attractive force of gravity can result in
matter being ejected in a narrow jet at relativistic speeds.
Go Back �
�
The late Ralph Juergens, an engineer from
� The galactic currents that create the stars persist to power them. Stars behave as electrodes in a galactic glow discharge. Bright stars like our Sun are great concentrated balls of lightning! The matter inside stars becomes positively charged as electrons drift toward the surface. � The resulting internal electrostatic forces prevent stars from collapsing gravitationally and occasionally cause them to "give birth" by electrical fissioning to form companion stars and gas giant planets. Sudden brightening, or a nova outburst marks such an event. That elucidates why stars commonly have partners and why most of the giant planets so far detected closely orbit their parent star. � Stellar evolution theory and the age of stars is an elaborate fiction. The appearance of a star is determined largely by its electrical environment and can change suddenly. Plasma physicists and electrical engineers are best able to recognize plasma discharge phenomena. �
Stellar physics is in the wrong hands.
Go Back �
� So planetary orbits are stabilized against gravitational chaos by exchange of electric charge through their plasma tails (Venus is still doing so strongly, judging by its "cometary" magnetotail, and it has the most circular orbit of any planet) and consequent modification of the gravity of each body. � Planets will quickly assume orbits that ensure the least electrical interaction. Impacts between large bodies are avoided and capture rendered more probable by exchange of electric charge between them. Capture of our Moon becomes the only option, it cannot have been created from the Earth. Evidence of past planetary instabilities is written large on the surfaces of all solid bodies in the solar system. �
That evidence is in the form of electric arc
cratering.
Go Back �
�
Minutes or
hours of electrical scarring can produce a surface
like that of the Moon, which is later interpreted in
ad hoc fashion to be billions of years old. Hemispheric differences
in cratering are expected in this model. And for the skeptics,
subdued electric arc machining of a planet-sized body continues
to this day on Jupiter�s innermost moon,
Io.
Go Back �
�
They are responsible for Jupiter�s Great
Red Spot and the "spokes" in Saturn�s rings.
It is why Venus has lightning in its smog-like clouds
and its mountain-tops glow with St. Elmo�s fire. It is why
the Earth has lightning stretching into space in the
form of "red sprites" and "blue jets", and why
tethered satellites "blow a fuse".
Go Back �
�
So to use our
situation as a measure of a normal planetary system will give wildly
misleading ideas of how life begins and estimates of the likelihood
of life elsewhere in the universe. The most benign situation for
life in an Electric Universe is inside the electrical
cocoon of a brown dwarf star. Radiant energy is
then evenly distributed over the entire surface of any planet
orbiting within the chromosphere of such a star,
regardless of axial rotation, tilt, or orbital eccentricity.
Go Back �
The Electric Universe
takes a simplifying leap by unifying the nuclear forces, magnetism
and gravity as manifestations of a near instantaneous electrostatic
force. Instead of being "spooked" by the concept of
action-at-a-distance, like most physicists this century, the
Electric Universe accepts it as an observational fact.
Anyone who has tried to force two like poles of magnets together has
demonstrated action-at-a-distance. "Electromagnetic"
radiation is then simply the result of an
oscillating electrostatic force. � A simple calculation shows that the sub-particles that form an electron must travel at a speed far in excess of the speed of light - some 2.5 million light-years per second, or from here to the far side of the Andromeda galaxy in one second! So the electrostatic force must act at a speed which is almost infinite on our scale for the electron to be stable. It is the stable orbital resonances of these sub-particles, both within and between particles that give rise to the phenomena of protons, neutrons, electrons and atoms. Other denizens of the particle "zoo" are merely transient resonant states of the same charged sub-particles. The so-called "creation" of matter from energetic photons is an illusion in which pre-existing matter is reorganized into new resonant states that give the impression that a particle has suddenly materialized. � Antimatter is a misnomer since it too is formed from the same sub-particles as "normal" matter except that the total charge is mirrored. Matter cannot be created or annihilated. � � � � A Conventional View of Forces in Physics
� �
Quantum Theory
Einstein�s Special Theory was designed to define simultaneity in a universe where the fastest force or signal was restricted to the measured speed of detection of light from a distant source. With an electrostatic force of near-infinite speed acting between the sub-particles of all matter, relativity theory reduces to classical physics. This leaves open the question of what we are measuring when we determine the speed of light. The speed of light in galactic terms is exceedingly slow, requiring about 150,000 years to cross our galaxy. However, the astronomer Halton Arp has shown that the redshifts of entire galaxies are quantized which requires some form of near instantaneous, galaxy-wide communication at the sub-atomic level. There are now several reported experiments that demonstrate faster than light effects. With the Special Theory gone, and the universe in communication with its parts effectively in real-time, there can be no time travel and space and time are independent. �
Common sense has always
suggested that this was so. Einstein�s General Theory
was devised to explain gravity. It attempts to discard the
observed action-at-a-distance of gravity by proposing a
counter-intuitive warping of space in the presence of massive
objects. This unnecessary complication of space is then added to the
current metaphysical concepts of what constitutes the mass of an
object. But space must also "warp" at near infinite
speed to produce the observed planetary orbits. Common sense,
observation, and parsimony of hypotheses all suggest that the
electrostatic model of gravity (see below) is superior.
There is now experimental evidence from gravity measurements at the
time of a total solar eclipse that supports the Electric Universe
model and discounts the General Relativity model. �
E = mc2
�
The more massive an
object, the more the electrostatic force contributes
to the elastic deformation of its protons,
neutrons and electrons, rather than their
acceleration. This is the phenomenon seen in particle accelerators
and conventionally attributed to relativistic effects. But
relativity reduces to classical physics in a universe where the
electrostatic force has near-infinite speed. The first question to
be asked is - if it is that simple, why hasn�t it been thought of
long ago? The answer seems to lie in the propensity for
mathematical theory to supersede common sense and observation.
There is also a problem of language when mathematicians attempt to
provide real meaning for their symbols.
Go Back �
� Quasars evolve into companion galaxies. Galaxies form families with identifiable "parents" and "children". Stars are electrical �transformers� not thermonuclear devices. There are no neutron stars or Black Holes. We don�t know the age of stars because the thermonuclear evolution theory does not apply to them. Supernovae are totally inadequate as a source of heavy elements. We do not know the age of the Earth because radioactive clocks can be upset by powerful electric discharges. � The powerful electric discharges that form a stellar photosphere create the heavy elements that appear in their spectra. Stars "give birth" electrically to companion stars and gas giant planets.
We may never be able to
read the human genome and tell whether it represents a
creature with two legs or six because the information that controls
the assembly line is external to the DNA. There is more to
life than chemistry. � |
conventional
cosmology where weaker magnetism and the infinitely
weaker force of gravity rule the cosmos. Such a
simplification may suit a theoretical physics based on
electrical neutrality of matter in Earthly laboratories but it
does not apply in space where plasma dominates.
The pieces of the
Electric Universe "Big Picture" are supplied by some remarkable
individuals, most of them unknown and who have lived or are living "quiet,
unobtrusive lives" away from universities. For those with
a sense of history this fact should serve to increase curiosity
rather than dull it.
that
the clue lay in his discovery that electrical forces
dominate the incredibly weak force of gravity at times of
planetary close encounters. Although he was unable to explain at the
time how this would create the observed stability of the solar
system, with his uncanny prescience he had pointed the way to
the Electric Universe.
unrelated.
It followed the entreaty of the Nobel Prize winning
plasma physicist and cosmologist, Hannes Alfv�n, to work
backwards in time from observations rather than forward from some
idealized theoretical beginning.
The
Big Bang is already dead!� The unheralded "Galileo
of the 20th century", Halton Arp, has proven that the
universe is not expanding. The Big Bang theory is based
on a misinterpretation of redshift. The redshift
of a distant galaxy is measured in the light coming from that
galaxy. Lines in the spectrum of that galaxy show a shift toward
the red compared with the same lines from our Sun.
Arp discovered that high and low redshift objects are
sometimes connected by a bridge or jet of matter.
For
more than 10 years plasma physicists have had an
electrical model of galaxies. It works with real-world physics.
The model is able to successfully account for the observed shapes
and dynamics of galaxies without recourse to invisible dark matter
and central black holes. 
Flagstaff,
Arizona, in the 1970�s took the next mental leap to suggest
that the electrical input doesn�t stop there and that
stars are not thermonuclear engines! This is
obvious when the Sun is looked at from an
electrical discharge perspective. 
Electric
discharges between closely approaching bodies takes the form
of "
occasional
central peaks. Such craters are universally
misinterpreted as impact craters. The sinuous channels are
wrongly classified as riverbeds or lava channels. 
Most
people are unaware that we have no understanding of how lightning is
created in clouds. The simplest answer is that lightning is not
generated there at all. Clouds merely form a convenient path to
Earth for electricity originating in space.
Without clouds it is possible to have a "bolt from the blue".
That is happening on Venus (although the sky certainly
isn�t blue). Weather systems are driven primarily by
external electrical influences.
Einstein�s
famous mathematical expression E=mc2, equating energy and
mass is known by almost everyone. However, most textbooks go on to
use the word �matter� in place of �mass.�
But nowhere has it been shown that mass and matter are
interchangeable. In fact, we are entirely ignorant of what
constitutes the mass of an object. So it is inadmissible to imply
that energy and matter are interchangeable. The ultimate expression
of this idea led to the nonsense of the big bang. It seems
simpler and more sensible to suggest that both nuclear
and chemical energy is released or absorbed by the
rearrangement of the resonant orbits of charged particles. It is
then common sense to suggest that mass is the measured response of a
system of charged particles to an external electrostatic force.