Industry 4.0

Il Coordinamento del “Forum per la Promozione dello Sviluppo Equo e Sostenibile” ha attivato un Gruppo di lavoro per analizzare le trasformazioni sui sistemi professionali che generano la transizione verso lo sviluppo sostenibile. Gli esiti del lavoro vogliono essere un contributo e uno stimolo al dibattito aperto sugli obiettivi da perseguire e sulle implicazioni che determinano.
Il Gruppo ha ascoltato le testimonianze di esperti, ha discusso i temi del cambiamento che interessano i nuovi modelli di produzione e di consumo e l’evoluzione dei sistemi professionali nonché le possibili ricadute su quantità e qualità dell’occupazione.
Le riflessioni e le discussioni fatte nei diversi incontri hanno confermato che il cambiamento verso la sostenibilità dipende in larga misura dalle risorse umane e in particolare dalla loro capacità di affrontare le criticità e di cogliere le nuove potenzialità delle profonde trasformazioni in atto.
 Ma come evolveranno i sistemi professionali? Quali saranno le professioni più interessate? Come si trasformeranno le loro caratteristiche e competenze? Come cambierà la composizione dell’occupazione per professioni? A queste domande il Gruppo ha cercato di dare alcune risposte, sicuramente non esaustive, partendo dall’analisi dei cambiamenti che si delineano nell’economia, nella società, nei sistemi di governance.  
Il Rapporto, da me curato con l'apporto del Gruppo di lavoro, ha previsto numerosi autori (indicati in allegato) ed è stato presentato in un workshop tenutosi al CNEL il 10 ottobre 2017.

Recent studies advocate that digital technologies are key enabling factors for the introduction of servitized business models. At the same time, these technologies support the implementation of the circular economy (CE) paradigm into businesses. Despite this general agreement, the literature still overlooks how digital technologies enable such a CE transition. To fill the gap, this paper develops a conceptual framework, based on the literature and a case study of a company implementing a usage-focused servitized business model in the household appliance industry. This study focuses on the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and analytics, and identifies eight specific functionalities enabled by such technologies (improving product design, attracting target customers, monitoring and tracking product activity, providing technical support, providing preventive and predictive maintenance, optimizing the product usage, upgrading the product, enhancing renovation and end-of-life activities). By investigating how these functionalities affect three CE value drivers (increasing resource efficiency, extending lifespan, and closing the loop), the conceptual framework developed in this paper advances knowledge about the role of digital technologies as an enabler of the CE within usage-focused business models. Finally, this study shows how digital technologies help overcome the drawback of usage-focused business models for the adoption of CE pointed out by previous literature.

Circular Economy  has been usually indicated as a promising approach to promote economic development and sustainability. Despite this general agreement, the Circular Economy paradigm is still little adopted by companies, as they need to face several challenges. In this context, Product-Service Systems (PSS) Business Models play a major role, as they have been proposed as an opportunity for promoting sustainability. Today, digital technologies are seen as a  key factor to enable PSS, allowing at the same time the introduction of Circular  Economy  into companies.  However,  little attention has been set on how  new  digital technologies can  overcome  in practice  the main  Circular  Economy challenges. To fill this gap, this paper explores such a role through a case study of a company who leverages Internet of Things, Big Data and Analytics in the provision of its PSS Business Model. Based on the findings of the empirical investigation, the role that the selected digital technologies play in overcoming the Circular Economy challenges is presented and discussed

Since it first appeared in literature in the early nineties, the Circular Economy (CE) has grown in significance amongst academic, policymaking, and industry groups. The latest developments in the CE field have included the interrogation of CE as a paradigm, and its relationship with sustainability and other concepts, including iterative definitions. Research has also identified a significant opportunity to apply circular approaches to our rapidly changing industrial system, including manufacturing processes and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) which, with data, is enabling the latest advances in digital technologies (DT). Research which fuses these two areas has not been extensively explored. This is the first paper to provide a synergistic and integrative CE-DT framework which offers directions for policymakers and guidance for future research through a review of the integrated fields of CE and I4.0. To achieve this, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR; n = 174) of the empirical literature related to digital technologies, I4.0, and circular approaches is conducted. The SLR is based on peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and early 2018. This paper also summarizes the current trends in CE research related to manufacturing. The findings confirm that while CE research has been on the increase, research on digital technologies to enable a CE is still relatively untouched. While the " interdisciplinarity " of CE research is well-known, the findings reveal that a substantial percentage is engineering-focused. The paper concludes by proposing a synergistic and integrative CE-DT framework for future research developed from the gaps in the current research landscape.

The 21st century has witnessed precipitous changes spanning from the way of life to the technologies that emerged. We have entered anascent paradigmshift(industry 4.0) where sciencefictions have becomescience facts, and technologyfusion is the main driver.us, ensuring that any advancement intechnologyreach andbenefitall istheideal opportunity foreveryone.In thisstudy, disruptive technologies of industry 4.0 were explored and quantified in terms of the number of their appearances in published literature.e study aimed at identifying industry 4.0 key technologies which have been ill-defined by previous researchers and to enumerate the required skills of industry 4.0. Comprehensive literature survey covering the field of engineering, production, and management was done in multidisciplinary databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Sage, Taylor & Francis, and Emerald Insight. From the electronic survey, 35 disruptive technologies were quantified and 13 key technologies: Internet ofings, Big Data, 3D printing, Cloud computing, Autonomous robots, Virtual and Augmented reality, Cyber-physical system, Artificial intelligence, Smart sensors, Simulation, Nanotechnology, Drones, and Biotechnology were identified. Both technical and personal skills to be imparted into the human workforce for industry 4.0 were reported. e review identified the need to investigate the capability and the readiness of developing countries in adapting industry 4.0 in terms of the changes in the education systems and industrial manufacturing settings. is study proposes the need to address the integration of industry 4.0 concepts into the current education system.

A major drawback to Industry 4.0 that few write about is maintenance of an industry 4.0 plant. The maintenance aspect is a much greater and immediate drawback than even the commonly known major concern of security, and the lesser concern of system integration standards. Maintenance of 4.0 systems has, and will continue to result in related huge increases in process downtime. The barriers to overcoming the maintenance/downtime drawbacks of a 4.0 system are almost insurmountable.

Several economies are implementing the concept of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) which is an inevitable trend of businesses in the context of digital transformation. In the current situation, the COVID-19 pandemic is causing global concern not only about the number of infections and deaths but also causing the world economy to fall into recession. With the impact of COVID-19, most view Industry 4.0 technology as a necessary element in their strategy to adapt to changes and better serve the community. We have aimed to confirm the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis revealed that no one could deny the benefits of the 4.0 technologies' application; much of the benefit is to analyze large volumes of data to forecast the spread of COVID-19 and restrict movement to prevent the spread of disease.

Each industrial revolution caused changes in several fields, including the human resources in organisations. The aim of the paper is to theoretically summarize the main findings about changes in the requirements on human resources from the point of view of their knowledge and in the context of industrial revolutions. Then analyse current trends in management theories and outline their application in the process of adapting organizations to the industry 4.0 and finally, identify key themes for human resources research in the future as a basis for the identification of requirements on human resources in the context of industry 4.0. The findings show that during the 1st industrial revolution, there was not a formalized education or training (before or after starting a job) and no specific knowledge and skills were required. During the 2nd industrial revolution, suitable candidate for the position was required (physically and mentally) and there was a training after starting a job. During the 3rd industrial revolution, educated candidate was required (before starting a job).

In the world, there is a constant change and development in the economy, industry and politics. The fact that this change and
development, especially in the industrial field, has an impact on other areas, is an important factor in shaping the future of the world.
In the industrial context, the term Industry 4.0 emerged with the innovations that first took place in line with the Industrial
Revolution, reaching the fourth stage. Industry 4.0 can be explained not only by advances in technology or industrial production, but
also by the bond created in social areas. Industry 4.0 can be explained not only by advances in technology or industrial production,
but also by the bond created in social areas. Digitalization, which has increased its effect in all areas of life with the effect of Industry
4.0, has shown its effect on businesses. While defining the entrepreneur, Schumpeter emphasized that it is an important power in
ensuring economic development, developing new techniques in production and expanding the product range (Bayar, M. & Varışlı,
N., 2021: 44). The most important aspect of the concept of entrepreneurship is to adopt an entrepreneurial perspective in order to
adapt to the changes in the environment. Leaders with an entrepreneurial structure who have innovative ideas and can bring them to
life have a great influence on the adaptation of businesses to all these changes. A process is emerging where the classical
management styles in today's business life are insufficient in digitalized businesses and where data, analysis and time management
are very important in achieving goals. For this reason, networking-oriented entrepreneur leaders who are competent in information
Technologies and can make quick decisions, will be effective in shaping the future and continuity of their businesses with a focus on
success. Therefore, leaders with an entrepreneurial spirit are increasingly important in businesses and play an important role in the
digitalization process. The aim of this study is to examine entrepreneurial leadership conceptually in the context of the rapidly
spreading digitalization process and changing leadership understanding with Industry 4.0, and the relationship between these
concepts and their results in the light of the relevant literature.
: Industry 4.0, Digitalization, Management, Leadership, Entrepreneurial Leadership

Increased collaborative production and dynamic selection of production partners within industry 4.0 manufacturing leads to ever-increasing automatic data exchange between companies. Automatic and unsupervised data exchange creates new attack vectors, which could be used by a malicious insider to leak secrets via an otherwise considered secure channel without anyone noticing. In this paper we reflect upon approaches to prevent the exposure of secret data via blockchain technology, while also providing auditable proof of data exchange. We show that previous blockchain based privacy protection approaches offer protection, but give the control of the data to (potentially not trustworthy) third parties, which also can be considered a privacy violation. The approach taken in this paper is not utilize centralized data storage for data. It realizes data confidentiality of P2P communication and data processing in smart contracts of blockchains.

This article presents the context of the industrial revolution 4.0, the opportunities and challenges posed for Vietnamese enterprises. The article emphasizes the importance of knowledge management and related areas and isues of management, the interaction between them, as a core success factor for enterprises in today's business.

Fab Lab é um laboratório de fabricação digital (o nome deriva do inglês Fabrication Laboratory), cuja ideia surgiu como uma proposta de plataforma de prototipagem, inovação e invenção, integrando, além destas características, uma comunidade global que visa compartilhar conhecimento e criatividade. Esta comunidade global de fab labs visa promover a cultura DIY (Do It Yourself, ou Faça Você Mesmo) e a cultura maker, ao mesmo tempo em que sua ideia central é democratizar o acesso à ferramentas e maquinários que possam ser utilizados para desenvolver a capacidade de criação e expressão pessoal. O presente estudo, portanto, se trata de um whitepaper feito com o objetivo de destacar alguns dos melhores projetos feitos no país atualmente, como uma ferramenta de consulta para futuros empreendedores que desejam apoiar a causa e construir um fab lab ou hub.

The manner in which cyber-physical systems are being developed, and will be developed, is coupled strongly with the nature of the ambient economy. Currently, there is a mismatch between enthusiasm for technological change and caution about economic change. Orthodox economists and leaders in business and government generally give inadequate attention to the profound changes already underway in the earth’s climate and ecology. In this paper it is argued that change in the domain of economics is needed which is of the same order as the changes in technology, climate and ecology.

La Legge di Bilancio 2018 ha confermato ulteriormente l’intenzione del governo uscente e, in generale, delle forze politiche di proseguire il cammino verso l’implementazione di politiche pubbliche favorevoli all’Industria 4.0. Fino ad oggi è stata utilizzata soprattutto la leva fiscale per stimolare gli investimenti nei macchinari di nuova generazione e aumentare il tasso di automatizzazione dei processi produttivi all’interno del tessuto industriale italiano. Attraverso strumenti quali l’ammortamento e il credito d’imposta l’attenzione del Governo si è concentrata sul facilitare l’accesso ai macchinari ed ai software necessari a porre le basi per costruire fabbriche intelligenti e fattori meccanici di produzione interconnessi fra di loro. Questa strategia nazionale sembra aver funzionato solamente in modo parziale. Gli investimenti, come previsto, sono aumentati sensibilmente rispetto agli anni della crisi economica, tuttavia sono rimasti legati al mero rinnovamento del parco macchine. Ad oggi, sono rimasti esclusi da questo stimolo positivo due fattori fondamentali affinché le PMI italiane possano entrare pienamente nel mondo dell’Industria 4.0: la formazione e le competenze.
L’obiettivo di questo articolo è duplice. Da un lato viene sottolineata l’importanza delle competenze e della formazione del capitale umano in un contesto industriale 4.0. Dall'altro viene svolta un'analisi del Piano Industria 4.0 implementato nel 2016 dal Governo Italiano e dell'impatto che ha avuto sulle imprese italiane, in particolare per quanto riguarda la questione delle skill.

Within a globalized scientific community, sciences are changing to worldwide perspectives and multidisciplinary approaches. The authors of this book illustrate this trend by looking at different study areas of the social sciences. They pay attention to economic developments in the context of globalization such as industry 4.0, new manufacturing methods, socio-technical modeling, cloud technology and accounting, international taxation, and financial literacy. Furthermore, the collection of articles covers issues of communication, media, and women's studies.

Purpose: This paper is aimed at investigating how much the Italian manufacturing companies are ready to be concretely involved in the so-called ‘Industry 4.0’ journey. In particular, this paper focuses on analyzing the knowledge and adoption levels of specific I4.0 enabling technologies, also considering how organizations are involved and which are the main benefits and obstacles.
Design/methodology/approach: A descriptive survey has been carried out on a total of 103 respondents related to manufacturing companies of different sizes. Data collected was analyzed in order to answer five specific research questions.
Findings: The findings from the survey demonstrate that Italian manufacturing companies are in different positions in their journey towards the I4.0 paradigm, mainly depending on their size and informatization level. Furthermore, not all the business functions are adequately involved in this transformation and their awareness about this new paradigm seems quite low because of the absence of specific managerial roles to guide this revolution. Finally, there are strong differences concerning both benefits and obstacles related to the adoption of I4.0 paradigm, depending on the technology adoption level.
Research limitations/implications: Future research should focus on developing case studies about pilot I4.0 practitioners in order to understand the root cause of successful cases. Both managerial and practical references should be developed, helping Italian manufacturing enterprises to consolidate and strengthen their position in global competitive market. Finally, it would be interesting to carry out the same study in other countries in order to make comparisons and suitable benchmark analyses.
Originality/value: Despite scholars have debated about the adoption of technologies and the benefits related to the I4.0 paradigm, to the best of authors’ knowledge, only a few empirical surveys have been carried until now out on the adoption level of I4.0 principles in the manufacturing sector of a specific country.

Studium kompetencji przyszłości niezbędnych do życia i pracy w środowisku rozwijającego się Przemysłu 4.0 oraz otoczeniu nasyconym nowoczesnymi technologiami cyfrowymi (m.in. sztuczną inteligencją, blockchain, VR/AR, chmurą). Diagnoza sytuacji w Polsce. Prezentacja koncepcji "Kompetencji 4.0", łączących kompetencje funkcjonalne i zawodowe cyfrowe z kompetencjami transwersalnymi (przekrojowymi): medialnymi, komunikacyjnymi, społecznymi, a także z postawami pro-aktywnymi wobec świata cyfrowego.

Today's manufacturing enterprises have faced with rapid changes in their product demands. These changes are grown as challenges by the introduction of Industry 4.0 paradigm. Real-time interaction of data by Internet of Things (IoT) in Industry 4.0 enforce the manufacturing enterprises to adopt quick and adaptive response to demand changes. Reconfigurable machine tools (RMTs) are developed to adjust the reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) production capability in response to sudden demand fluctuations. To take advantages of RMS accomplishments, realistic parameter setting is required. In this regard, advanced resource planning (ARP) module as an add-on module of enterprise resource planning (ERP) sets aggregate planning parameters including lead time. This research addresses the mutual connection of RMS and ARP through novel conceptual framework. Furthermore, simulation example of different demand rate based on mutual relation is performed and results show the preference of using different configurations. The proposed idea is a preliminary model for fulfillment of Industry 4.0 paradigm as it benefits from both operational and tactical planning for product demand fluctuations.

On-line monitoring of Total Oil and Grease (TOG) in produced water of offshore platforms has been a challenge over the past decades. There are difficulties imposed by the sensitivity to various factors (e.g., fluid temperature, pressure, gas presence, oil type, drop size, process flow). This paper proposes a model based on Machine Learning that estimates, in real time, the approximated Total Oil and Grease value from instruments and valves data of water treatment process. Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, Regression Tree and Bagged Trees models have been trained to infer TOG values. The proposed model was applied to an offshore oil extraction plant. The results obtained from the model were similar to those obtained by the on-site lab measurement, with the Bagged Trees having presented the best results, reaching a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) by 1.15 mg/L. The results suggest that the model used can be used for on-line detection of imminent risk situations of TOG contamination.

A competitive company should possess the ability to rapidly adopt to changes and the new era of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) puts forward an incredible reshaping of the entire manufacturing sector. The primary goal of Industry 4.0 should be to transform the massive production lines from a system-based scheme to a product-based one, while individuals and cyber-physical systems (CPSs) should interact with each other and with objects. This advantage can be achieved in a smart factory, so as to allow product tracking all the way through manufacturing by interacting with any other factory component via cloud computing. Towards this end, in this paper we propose a vision-oriented method, which utilizes detection and tracking along with a cloud-based platform to facilitate product tracking and interaction. The proposed method make use of a panoramic camera composing a CPS, which a part of a cyber-physical production system (CPPS). We study and evaluate the proposed CPS in a computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) scenario.

Cybersecurity and traditional operational IT security matters are of extreme importance in the development towards Industrie 4.0 / Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet, Industrial IoT and Smart Manufacturing alltogether. This paper studies the development of the major frameworks in relation to their interest and actions on ICT security manners and provides a perspective view to which ICT Security researchers and professionals should work towards.

Siamo davanti a profondi e radicali cambiamenti che ci suggeriscono di risvegliare una volontà assopita di cambiare dentro, come individui, diventando più maturi, più consapevoli e conseguentemente più liberi. Questo è l'unico modo per sopravviere all'adolescenza tecnologica senza auto-distruggerci, queste sono le basi del dibattito sul futuro dell'umanità attualmente in atto. Purtroppo le persone sono talmente assuefatte e prese dalla loro quotidianità, che anche se guardano, non vedono. Il dibattito è in atto, ma nessun se ne preoccupa, nessuno realmente ha la percezione dello stato di emergenza nel quale vertiamo tutti. Sembra proprio come nella storiella del tizio che mentre cade da un palazzo dice: "70° piano, fino qui tutto bene"-dimenticando di fatto che sta per sfracellarsi per terra. Dobbiamo ripensarci da capo, pensare nuovi modi di vivere e di esistere, il mondo come lo conosciamo non esisterà più, la rivoluzione tecnologica in atto spazzerà via ogni consuetudine ed ogni fondamento o certezza a cominciare proprio dal lavoro. Questo ci deve costringere a farne un miglior uso, prendendo in considerazione, finalmente e dopo secoli di oscurantismo, il fatto che l'uomo ha necessità di evolvere in coscienza. E' impensabile restare culturalmente

This document explains the process of design, implementation and testing of a camera that reduces the drying time of sausage and pigskin, without affecting the quality of them. For this purpose it was designed and implemented a drying chamber composed of electrical resistors. As a large chamber, which also was designed, hot air circulated by a fan, achieving uniformity in the drying process. An On-Off control is implemented with hysteresis loop of ± 2°C for process automation. Data acquisition was performed using temperature and humidity sensors, sending values to a PLC to perform the control actions. The process variables are entered and displayed in an HMI developed for this purpose. From the test results a reduction of drying time was obtained up to 80% in the sausage and up to 90% in the pigskin. The quality of the products, once applied the automated drying process, did not present any alteration as a result of customer surveys

Keywords: Drying, resistors, automation, hysteresis, HMI.

FMS and its adoption is a nuanced cradle technology in India and sees a limited implementation of its innovative technology and concepts. Our world today is a technologically sophisticated world, only characterized as fictional a few years ago. A lot today has transformed smart and technologists are striving to bring home new and innovative devices, homes, factories, and even cities. Scientifically proven is that these advanced technologies and concepts can boost an organization's overall performance. Many corporations, researchers, and institutions agree that automation and robotic systems are the foundation of industrial production and a key factor of the Industrial 4.0 revolution. There is an ongoing demand for increased output and manufacturing quality, as well as an urgent requirement to improve overall efficiency in manufacturing systems to withstand competitive pressure. Flexible Manufacturing Systems has added these advantages to organizations, due to its capabilities, capacity and advantages. The work of extensive research presented highlights the importance of FMS adoption and acceptance of various industrial automation technologies and techniques, as well as FMS potential.

The digital transformation of biopharmaceutical manufacturing is continuing at a rapid pace as companies attempt to mine the sources of data available. Innovations include predictive analytics, big data analytics, and creating the digital plant. Digital transformation offers a mechanism to revise its business model, to improve production processes, to design new drugs faster by using artificial intelligence to screen compounds and to increase responsiveness to customers. Furthermore, the volume of data processed by pharmaceutical firms shows no sign of slowing down. This means pharmaceutical companies must act quickly in terms of building core internal digital capabilities and moving beyond their traditional IT functions to all areas of the business.

History of work in Modern Age. Luddite,  Charlotte Brontë, 'Shirley',  Elizabeth Gaskell, 'North and South', Mary Shelley, 'Frankenstein', Ada Lovelace, 'Sketch of the analytical engine', European Parliament resolution of 16 February 2017 with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is creating a paradigm shift within the current industrial context. The study presented in this paper involved identifying and proposing the managerial competencies needed for a successful I4.0 environment. I4.0 is a complex phenomenon that spans multiple technologies and requires an extensive set of capabilities that managers and organizations need to develop in their functional and business contexts. Using the published literature on I4.0, we uncovered the key themes following a qualitative coding method that identified the managerial competencies most relevant to I4.0. We thus identify a set of 14 managerial competencies as crucial to I4.0. We further contribute to the literature by making an assessment of the significance of all these competencies and proposing a competency model with behavioral descriptors for each. We expect the findings in this paper to benefit business organizations, policy makers, academics, and other stakeholders engaged in developing the capabilities required for an I4.0 ecosystem.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) skills comprise a crucial meta-discipline for success in the 21 st century. Education in the industry 4.0 era can be enhanced by adopting Virtual (VR), Mixed (MR), and Augmented (AR). VR can support creative student-centered teaching and learning methods in STEM, such as playful learning, gameful learning (gamification), and serious games. Serious escape rooms are digital interactive, live adventure breakout games with a pedagogical rationale. This paper examines the perceptions of K-12 school education teachers towards digital educational escape rooms for STEM education in VR environments. Twenty-eight Greek teachers responded to a questionnaire after having experienced a cost-effective sciencethemed digital escape room. Results indicate that teachers reacted positively to the VR escape room, appreciating its value for learning. Moreover, they are eager to engage in professional development activities and embrace gameful learning methods.

As it was the case of all preceding revolutions Industry 4.0 brings changes to the organisational systems which result in the changes of requirements related to relevant human resources. Historically anchored organisational systems have always been supported by the referring education. The study presents the characteristics of selected well-established organisational systems and their supportive systems of education with the aim to link them to the requirements of the developmental phase called Industry 4.0. From this perspective it presents the challenges that the Slovak Republic, especially its education, is facing today.

Download: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5cg94w
The automotive sector represents more than a simple industry. Since the late nineteenth century, it has embodied the economic and technological power of nations, the lifestyle, the dynamics of urban and territorial development, and it has acted as a national barometer of economic success and failure. This book explains how the car industry works and analyses the challenges both for the sector and for the economies that rely on the industry for jobs, growth, and innovation. It explores an industry that has been under severe pressure in industrialized countries for many years—factories have shut down, jobs have gone, and brands have disappeared—yet world production has never been so high, reaching new peaks annually. Fabio Cassia and Matteo Ferrazzi investigate as well the new trends of urban mobility and the characteristic of " car of the future " : the traditional landscape of car production and usage will be driven by technological advances, connectivity, car sharing, and by one the most fascinating advances, the self-driving car. How different will be the automotive sector in a decade? Will the traditional players be challenged by new entrants such as Google, Apple, Uber?

First chapter download: https://agendapub.com/images/pdfs/chapters/9781911116721_chp.pdf

Future of Banking ( Interest free banking, robotics in banking, Omni channel, open banking and FinTech and Blockchain), and Advantages and disadvantages of Banking 4.0. The purpose of the present paper is to provide an advanced overview of the practical applications of Banking 4.0 in Industry 4.0. This paper examines the technology trends in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and identifies the key indicators behind the creation of a strategic map for the fourth-generation banks and their readiness to enter Industry 4.0. This paper examines a systematic review of fully integrated Banking 4.0 and the application of the technologies of Industry 4.0 and illustrates a distinct pattern of integration of Banking 4.0 and Industry 4.0. One of the prominent features of this article is the performance of successful global banks in applying these technologies. The results showed that Banking 4.0 in Industry 4.0 is an integrative value creation system consisting of six design principles and 14 technology trends. The roadmap designed for banks to enter Industry 4.0 and how they work with industrial companies will be a key and important guide.

Maszyny, przetwarzające gigantyczne ilości informacji w czasie krótszym od mgnienia oka, wyposażane z naszej własnej woli w moduły, które pozwalają na autonomię działania, w tym wybór celu ataku, zmieniają nie tylko przebieg działań wojennych, ale również handel papierami wartościowymi na światowych giełdach. Triada: człowiek – maszyna – bezpieczeństwo, nabiera jak nigdy dotąd fundamentalnego znaczenia.

Czy człowiek, który wciąż wymyśla nowe maszyny, obdarza je systemami informacyjnymi ocierającymi się o sztuczną inteligencję, jest w stanie zapewnić pełną kontrolę nad nimi? Kto jest odpowiedzialny za błąd maszyny? I co się stanie, gdy naszą rzeczywistość ostatecznie zdominują roboty i samouczące się oprogramowanie? Czy grozi nam „bunt maszyn”? A może większym zagrożeniem od buntu robotów jest konieczność poddania się dyktatowi algorytmów?

Mimo tych obiekcji, coraz więcej ufamy maszynom, coraz częściej zdajemy się na wynik ich analiz. Zalewa nas ocean ledwo co przetworzonych maszynowo danych. Na ich podstawie
mamy decydować o życiu i śmierci. Ale na końcu przychodzi refleksja. Maszyny działają w kodzie zero-jedynkowym. Prawda – fałsz. Zero – jeden. Tymczasem wiele zebranych danych jest nieoczywistych. Nie można też wykluczyć błędu maszyn. Nadmiar informacji szkodzi. W niektórych typach działań niepełna informacja nieracjonalna, ale intuicyjna może być bardziej efektywna. Zaufajmy intuicji. Jej maszyny nie mają. To będzie właściwa decyzja.

The autonomous industrial automation using Edge computing describes the collection and processing of machinery data from the sensors attached to the huge industrial plants without the need of cloud or remote computers involved. The collected sensor data will be processed on board at the device itself and the decision will be taken based on the prewritten algorithms without waiting for any human interventions in the emergency situation without wasting time on human involved analysis for the betterment and improvement of security and safety at the highly hazardous manufacturing plants. The hardware platform to implement the project consists of a different sensors and Raspberry Pi 3 Model B equipped in a way to communicate with a centralized gateway through the Hybrid connectivity. In the recent years though the IoT devices and usage is increasing yet the cost of implementation and maintenance in cloud is hefty and still it needs some human interventions at some point to take any critical decisions based on any custom alerts or by monitoring a customized dashboard on 24x7. That is due to the separation of the data collection and data processing in the current model. The data will be transmitted from the device to a local gateway at some remote place and from there it needs to be sent to a cloud server and there the processing needs to be done and based on the outputs certain decisions has to be made. Even though these all were done in few seconds still it is not real time and there will be some latency issues in it. Thus, it might cause a lot of issues or lose of human life as well when working in some hazardous places like chemical manufacturing or something which involves lots of temperature or explosive based things. Since we have lot of computation power in the IoT boards which were attached to the machines but we are not utilizing it. The edge computing will utilize the on-board processing capabilities wisely and will take decisions on time without any human interventions.

Digitalisation and sustainability are by far the two most dominant megatrends in the latest decades. The business implications of these two areas and the relationship between the two trends are popular research topics among both academics and practitioners. Each company has its own ability to adapt and respond to changing environmental challenges and it is an unfortunate fact that some of them are not always able to implement the latest technologies to their practices. Small- and medium-sized enterprises are particularly vulnerable in this respect, for whom digitalisation in particular is not just a competitive advantage but an unavoidable imperative of development, without which their survival may be at stake. Based on the opinions of 112 Hungarian small- and medium-sized company owners and top managers, this paper aims to explore the relationship between digitalisation and corporate sustainability in the SME environment, in order to identify the most appropriate development strategies to meet the needs of such businesses. The results showed that respondents have a realistic view of the impact of digitalisation on the sustainability dimensions and that they see the benefits of digital transformation mainly in terms of positive economic impacts.

В настоящей работе исследуются аспекты применения современной технологии цифровой экономики – Интернета вещей.  Целью работы является научное обобщение и систематизация знаний о технологии Интернета вещей, исследование основных элементов ее архитектуры, а также потенциальной экономической выгоды от ее внедрения; анализ юридических аспектов применения Интернета вещей; экономическое обоснование эффективности его использования в различных отраслях производства с оценкой рисков. В соответствии с целью исследования были поставлены следующие задачи: изучить концепцию и историю развития Интернета вещей; научно обобщить имеющуюся информацию об интеллектуальных системах IoT; провести анализ возможностей выгодного применения технологии; рассмотреть потенциальные направления развития Интернета вещей; исследовать риски, связанные с внедрением новой технологии, а также сдерживающие факторы развития; оценить перспективы Интернета вещей в России и мире.

Ключевые слова: интернет вещей, цифровая экономика, цифровизация, индустрия 4.0, технологии, инновации.

This article investigates the aspects of the Internet of things (IoT) application.  The purpose of this work is scientific generalization and systematization of the existing knowledge of the IoT; examination of the main elements of its architecture and the potential economic benefits accrued from its implementation; analysis of the legal aspects; economic justification of IoT efficiency in various industries and the assessment of the potential risks. The following tasks were set in accordance with the purpose of the study: to study the concept and the history of the IoT; to summarize the available information on the intelligent IoT systems; to analyze the possibilities of beneficial use of this technology; to examine the potential directions of the IoT development; to explore the risks associated with the technology implementation, as well as the development constraints; to assess the prospects of the IoT development.

Key words: Internet of things, IoT, digital economy, digitalization, industry 4.0, technology, innovation.

The idea of the future has always emerged as a major concept for humanity. Each and every period of the civilizations, there has been always a motivation for people to manifest their ideal futures. In the context of urbanism, the intellectual capacity of utopian thinking has influenced most of the discussions on urbanism during history. In this regard, the destructive impacts of industrial revolutions have become the triggering forces to construct the ideal image of the future city. When the first industrial revolution occurred, most of the people were not aware of the forthcoming changes that were going to affect their life significantly, as it happened in the second and the third industrial revolutions. While each industrial revolution brought unexpected outcomes, utopian thinking has generated responses to overcome those negative impacts. Today, we are on the verge of another industrial revolution. Unlike the previous ones, the fourth industrial revolution is expected to change not only the way to produce things but also to change ‘us’ (Schwab, 2016). Therefore, it is possible to claim that the forthcoming era will completely alter the current socio-economic structure. The subject is a newly emerging issue, yet the intellectual history of futurist thinking together with the contemporary future urban models and speculative projects would provide guidance to generate prospective ideas for the possible future. In this context, the main purpose of the research is to examine the existence and validity of futuristic thinking in urbanism in the context of emerging concepts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and to revisit the reconstruction of the idea of future urbanism within the framework of utopian thought.