Originally from Paphlagonia, Theodora was of Armenian aristocratic descent. The names of her parents were preserved in Theophanes Continuatus, the continuation of the chronicle started by Theophanes the Confessor. They were Marinos, a drungarios, and Theoktiste Phlorina. Some modern genealogists, including Cyril Toumanoff and Nicholas Adontz, have suggested a link of Theodora's family with the Armenian noble clan of the Mamikonian. According to Nina Garsoïan in the Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, however, "[a]ttractive though it is, this thesis cannot be proven for want of sources." Thus genealogists attribute Mamikonian ancestry to Marinos; he is an alleged son of Artavazd Mamikonian, who was head of the House in the 770s. Artavazd headed a large-scale Armenian rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate that was crushed in the Battle of Bagrevand in 775, after which the family lost power, and many of its members found refuge in Byzantium. Manuel the Armenian, a leading general of Theophilos, was her uncle.
Around the 9th century the Igbo people of what is now southeastern Nigeria developed bronze casts of humans, animals, and mythical creatures. These bronzes, which were used as vessels, amulets, pendants, and sacrificial tools, are among the earliest made bronzes ever found in Nigeria. Most items were part of a burial of a nobleman of the Nri-Igbo culture in the northern part of Igboland. Long distance trading was also discovered through the thousands of glass beads found at the sites. The discovery of the bronzes was made by locals from Igbo Ukwu, and they mark the start of the development of the Nri Kingdom.
Ghana Empire
The Ghana (Wagadu) Empire (before c. 830 until c. 1235) was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and western Mali. It is considered the first of the Sahelian Kingdoms, which would exist in some form until the early 20th century.
Theodora (Italian:Teodora) is a 1921 Italian silent film dramatization of the life of the Byzantine empress Theodora.
Plot
Theodora, a Roman courtesan and former slave girl, marries the Byzantine emperor Justinian and assumes the throne as Empress of Rome. However, a love affair with a handsome Greek leads to revolution and armed conflict in both Byzantium and Rome.
Seven-year-old Princess Syliva Maria Pia Angelica Toscanelli is called to the Mother Superior's office. She is told that her father, Prince Filiberto was killed in battle, making the princess an orphan.
Private Augusts Dexter is on his way back from Savannah, Georgia, after delivering confidential papers from General Sherman when he decides to spend the night at a burned plantation house, in order to rest and loot the house. An old slave, offers him his mistress's jewels for fifty dollars. Augusts gives him thirty dollars and his father's gold watch. He plans to sell the jewellery and use them to fund his plans of building a bank in New York.
Century is an American metalcore band formed in 2005 by multi-instrumentalist/ArmsBendBack guitarist Carson Slovak. Century was originally conceived as a solo project, but later evolved into a complete band. Slovak writes all of Century's music, and designs all of the artwork and merchandise. In 2005 the band signed a contract with Tribunal Records. On February 7, 2006, Century released its first studio album, Faith and Failure through Tribunal Records. This album saw Carson Slovak as guitarist and producer joined by Mike Guiliano (guitar), Huggie (bass) and Grant McFarland (drums). Before the album was released, McFarland left to focus more on his current band This or the Apocalypse and was replaced by new drummer Matthew Smith.
In February 2009, it was announced that McFarland had rejoined the band, along with new additions: bassist Ricky Armellino (also of This or the Apocalypse), and additional guitarist Todd Mogle. The band has begun work on the follow-up to Black Ocean, which was released in April 2008.
What is Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)?, Explain Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)
~~~ Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century) ~~~
Title: What is Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)?, Explain Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)
Created on: 2018-08-21
Source Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodora_Porphyrogenita_(11th_century)
------
Description: Theodora Porphyrogenita was a Byzantine Empress born into the Macedonian dynasty that ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost two hundred years. She was co-empress with her sister Zoë for two months in 1042 and sole empress regnant from 11 January 1055 to 31 August 1056. She was the last ruler of the Macedonian line. Theodora's life was entwined with that of her older sister Zoë. In 1028 her father, Constantine VIII, attempted to extend the dynasty by marrying Theodora to the urban prefect of Constantinople, Romanos Ar...
published: 21 Aug 2018
Creation of the Medieval Roman Army
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The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the evolution of the Roman Army continues with the first episode of the series on the Army of the Eastern Roman Empire - the Byzantine Empire. In this episode, we'll mainly focus on how the Roman army was transformed into the medieval Byzantine army and talk about the armies of Justinian and Belisarius described by Procopius.
Armies and Tactics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaBYW76inbX5Jmy5E740LBDVk25VhObDi
Late Roman Army: https://youtu.be/_QLl1Z0fPgs
Roman Imperial Cavalry: https://youtu.be/X1KD_LJwFZQ
Roman Army during the Crisis of the Third Century: https://youtu.be/UtQCfQmhdNU
Justin...
published: 02 Mar 2021
Theodora (11th century)
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Theodora (11th century)
Theodora (Greek: Θεοδώρα, Theodōra; 980 – late August/early September 1056) was a Byzantine Empress born into the Macedonian dynasty that had ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost two hundred years.
=======Image-Copyright-Info========
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (CC-BY-SA-3.0)
LicenseLink: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Author-Info: Unknown
Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tetarteron-Theodora-sb1838.jpg
=======Image-Copyright-Info========
-Video is targeted to blind users
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
image source in video
https://www.youtube.com/watc...
published: 12 Jan 2016
Byzantine Empire: Justinian and Theodora - Purple is the Noblest Shroud - Extra History - Part 3
📜 Byzantine Empire: Justinian and Theodora - Part 3 - Extra History
A group of monks declared sanctuary for two hooligans from the demes (Constantinople's fanatical chariot racing factions) who had miraculously survived a hanging. The public wanted them pardoned for their crimes, so when Justinian made his public appearance at the next chariot race, they begged him to have mercy. When Justinian refused, the crowd turned on him and became a rioting mob that tore through the streets of Constantinople. During the Nika Riots, they burned down neighborhoods and even the Hagia Sophia cathedral, rampaging until Justinian agreed to pardon the two men from the demes. Now, however, the mob would not accept that. They demanded that he fire his advisors. Then they decided to appoint their own empero...
published: 04 Jul 2015
Edward Gibbon on Evil Empress Theodora - History Bro Bites
Here is a link to the full conversation, if ya fancy giving it a whirl.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IwUlUHqEo3w&t=1376s
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~~~ Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century) ~~~
Title: What is Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)?, Explain Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)
Created o...
~~~ Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century) ~~~
Title: What is Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)?, Explain Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)
Created on: 2018-08-21
Source Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodora_Porphyrogenita_(11th_century)
------
Description: Theodora Porphyrogenita was a Byzantine Empress born into the Macedonian dynasty that ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost two hundred years. She was co-empress with her sister Zoë for two months in 1042 and sole empress regnant from 11 January 1055 to 31 August 1056. She was the last ruler of the Macedonian line. Theodora's life was entwined with that of her older sister Zoë. In 1028 her father, Constantine VIII, attempted to extend the dynasty by marrying Theodora to the urban prefect of Constantinople, Romanos Argyros. Theodora refused, and Zoë was married to him instead; three days later he became emperor. Angry that Theodora had been the first choice to marry Romanos, Zoë had her sister closely watched. After two foiled plots, Theodora was exiled to an island monastery in the Sea of Marmara. Twelve years later, the people of Constantinople rose against Michael V, Zoë's adopted son, and insisted that Theodora return to rule alongside her sister. After 65 days Zoë married again to Constantine IX, who assumed the imperial responsibilities. When Constantine IX died, the seventy-four-year-old Theodora returned to the throne, in the teeth of fierce opposition from court officials and military claimants. For eighteen months she was a strong empress before being struck down by a sudden illness and dying on 31 August 1056 aged seventy-six.
------
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------
Source: Wikipedia.org articles, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Support: Donations can be made from https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Ways_to_Give to support Wikimedia Foundation and knowledge sharing.
~~~ Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century) ~~~
Title: What is Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)?, Explain Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)
Created on: 2018-08-21
Source Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodora_Porphyrogenita_(11th_century)
------
Description: Theodora Porphyrogenita was a Byzantine Empress born into the Macedonian dynasty that ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost two hundred years. She was co-empress with her sister Zoë for two months in 1042 and sole empress regnant from 11 January 1055 to 31 August 1056. She was the last ruler of the Macedonian line. Theodora's life was entwined with that of her older sister Zoë. In 1028 her father, Constantine VIII, attempted to extend the dynasty by marrying Theodora to the urban prefect of Constantinople, Romanos Argyros. Theodora refused, and Zoë was married to him instead; three days later he became emperor. Angry that Theodora had been the first choice to marry Romanos, Zoë had her sister closely watched. After two foiled plots, Theodora was exiled to an island monastery in the Sea of Marmara. Twelve years later, the people of Constantinople rose against Michael V, Zoë's adopted son, and insisted that Theodora return to rule alongside her sister. After 65 days Zoë married again to Constantine IX, who assumed the imperial responsibilities. When Constantine IX died, the seventy-four-year-old Theodora returned to the throne, in the teeth of fierce opposition from court officials and military claimants. For eighteen months she was a strong empress before being struck down by a sudden illness and dying on 31 August 1056 aged seventy-six.
------
To see your favorite topic here, fill out this request form: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScU0dLbeWsc01IC0AaO8sgaSgxMFtvBL31c_pjnwEZUiq99Fw/viewform
------
Source: Wikipedia.org articles, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Support: Donations can be made from https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Ways_to_Give to support Wikimedia Foundation and knowledge sharing.
Video is Sponsored by Ridge Wallet: https://www.ridge.com/KINGSANDGENERALS Use Code “KINGSANDGENERALS” for 10% off your order!
The Kings and Generals animated ...
Video is Sponsored by Ridge Wallet: https://www.ridge.com/KINGSANDGENERALS Use Code “KINGSANDGENERALS” for 10% off your order!
The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the evolution of the Roman Army continues with the first episode of the series on the Army of the Eastern Roman Empire - the Byzantine Empire. In this episode, we'll mainly focus on how the Roman army was transformed into the medieval Byzantine army and talk about the armies of Justinian and Belisarius described by Procopius.
Armies and Tactics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaBYW76inbX5Jmy5E740LBDVk25VhObDi
Late Roman Army: https://youtu.be/_QLl1Z0fPgs
Roman Imperial Cavalry: https://youtu.be/X1KD_LJwFZQ
Roman Army during the Crisis of the Third Century: https://youtu.be/UtQCfQmhdNU
Justinian's Restoration: https://youtu.be/9GR_VRMq88Y?list=PLaBYW76inbX6F5PwEOmYUBCg5iX3OZTIj
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals or by joining the youtube membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fw/join We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ooKPbpq0z8ciEjz5Zmrga4-gWRmripm0u4BHMkkXHVc/edit?usp=sharing
The video was made by Arb Paninken http://bit.ly/2Ow3oC8, while the script was developed by Matt Hollis. This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU0-VII-V376zFxiRGMeZGg & https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC79s7EdN9uXX77-Ly2HmEjQ)
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#Documentary #Byzantines #Romans
Video is Sponsored by Ridge Wallet: https://www.ridge.com/KINGSANDGENERALS Use Code “KINGSANDGENERALS” for 10% off your order!
The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the evolution of the Roman Army continues with the first episode of the series on the Army of the Eastern Roman Empire - the Byzantine Empire. In this episode, we'll mainly focus on how the Roman army was transformed into the medieval Byzantine army and talk about the armies of Justinian and Belisarius described by Procopius.
Armies and Tactics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaBYW76inbX5Jmy5E740LBDVk25VhObDi
Late Roman Army: https://youtu.be/_QLl1Z0fPgs
Roman Imperial Cavalry: https://youtu.be/X1KD_LJwFZQ
Roman Army during the Crisis of the Third Century: https://youtu.be/UtQCfQmhdNU
Justinian's Restoration: https://youtu.be/9GR_VRMq88Y?list=PLaBYW76inbX6F5PwEOmYUBCg5iX3OZTIj
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals or by joining the youtube membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fw/join We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ooKPbpq0z8ciEjz5Zmrga4-gWRmripm0u4BHMkkXHVc/edit?usp=sharing
The video was made by Arb Paninken http://bit.ly/2Ow3oC8, while the script was developed by Matt Hollis. This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU0-VII-V376zFxiRGMeZGg & https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC79s7EdN9uXX77-Ly2HmEjQ)
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: http://www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #Byzantines #Romans
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Theodora (11th century)
Theodor...
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Theodora (11th century)
Theodora (Greek: Θεοδώρα, Theodōra; 980 – late August/early September 1056) was a Byzantine Empress born into the Macedonian dynasty that had ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost two hundred years.
=======Image-Copyright-Info========
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (CC-BY-SA-3.0)
LicenseLink: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Author-Info: Unknown
Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tetarteron-Theodora-sb1838.jpg
=======Image-Copyright-Info========
-Video is targeted to blind users
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
image source in video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pb8Y7r_a9GI
If you find our videos helpful you can support us by buying something from amazon.
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Theodora (11th century)
Theodora (Greek: Θεοδώρα, Theodōra; 980 – late August/early September 1056) was a Byzantine Empress born into the Macedonian dynasty that had ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost two hundred years.
=======Image-Copyright-Info========
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (CC-BY-SA-3.0)
LicenseLink: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Author-Info: Unknown
Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tetarteron-Theodora-sb1838.jpg
=======Image-Copyright-Info========
-Video is targeted to blind users
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
image source in video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pb8Y7r_a9GI
📜 Byzantine Empire: Justinian and Theodora - Part 3 - Extra History
A group of monks declared sanctuary for two hooligans from the demes (Constantinople's fan...
📜 Byzantine Empire: Justinian and Theodora - Part 3 - Extra History
A group of monks declared sanctuary for two hooligans from the demes (Constantinople's fanatical chariot racing factions) who had miraculously survived a hanging. The public wanted them pardoned for their crimes, so when Justinian made his public appearance at the next chariot race, they begged him to have mercy. When Justinian refused, the crowd turned on him and became a rioting mob that tore through the streets of Constantinople. During the Nika Riots, they burned down neighborhoods and even the Hagia Sophia cathedral, rampaging until Justinian agreed to pardon the two men from the demes. Now, however, the mob would not accept that. They demanded that he fire his advisors. Then they decided to appoint their own emperor, a man named Hypatius who was related to the previous emperor Anastasius. Assaulted on all sides, Justinian made plans to flee, only to be confronted by Theodora. She gave a now famous speech asking whether he would rather live a failure or die an emperor, announcing that she would choose the latter. Justinian followed her lead and made new plans to retake his city. He called Belisarius and Mundus, his best generals, to marshal a force. He also sent the eunuch Narses to bribe one faction of the demes and begin dismantling their leadership. Then he ordered his forces to invade the Hippodrome, where they cut down some thirty thousand civilians and executed the false emperor Hypatius. Justinian's reign was once again secure.
* Watch Extra History ad-free & get 1-week early access on *NEBULA* https://go.nebula.tv/extrahistory
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*Miss an episode in our Justinian & Theodora Series?*
Part 1 - https://youtu.be/H_2E0RxVHH4
Part 2 - https://youtu.be/klq84Z9O4GU
Part 3 - https://youtu.be/eGL_M1SQV5E
Part 4 - https://youtu.be/_NpDvBX2XEI
Part 5 - https://youtu.be/oakBpmsJJ9Q
Part 6 - https://youtu.be/0W8wIAV1Pu4
Part 7 - https://youtu.be/oUtEJtBeCaQ
Part 8 - https://youtu.be/EO9DuuhNEoE
Part 9 - https://youtu.be/aN1imOXR4b4
Part 10 - https://youtu.be/RwXAGiIVsgQ
Part 11 - https://youtu.be/I6vn6uRlPL8
Part 12 - https://youtu.be/6oHr-zd6Bew
Series Wrap-up & Lies Episode Part 1 - https://youtu.be/FZwsRVgEu3A
Series Wrap-up & Lies Episode Part 2 - https://youtu.be/wNs4Lklnky4
♪ "Monogenes Pais" by Sean and Dean Kiner - https://youtu.be/kSWO0JOKmWA - Available on Patreon!
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: https://bit.ly/ECFansRNice
Artist: David Hueso I Writer: James Portnow I Voice: Daniel Floyd I Editor: Carrie Floyd
♪ Extra History Theme by Sean & Dean Kiner I ♪ Music by Demetori: http://bit.ly/1EQA5N7
#ExtraHistory #ByzantineEmpire #History
📜 Byzantine Empire: Justinian and Theodora - Part 3 - Extra History
A group of monks declared sanctuary for two hooligans from the demes (Constantinople's fanatical chariot racing factions) who had miraculously survived a hanging. The public wanted them pardoned for their crimes, so when Justinian made his public appearance at the next chariot race, they begged him to have mercy. When Justinian refused, the crowd turned on him and became a rioting mob that tore through the streets of Constantinople. During the Nika Riots, they burned down neighborhoods and even the Hagia Sophia cathedral, rampaging until Justinian agreed to pardon the two men from the demes. Now, however, the mob would not accept that. They demanded that he fire his advisors. Then they decided to appoint their own emperor, a man named Hypatius who was related to the previous emperor Anastasius. Assaulted on all sides, Justinian made plans to flee, only to be confronted by Theodora. She gave a now famous speech asking whether he would rather live a failure or die an emperor, announcing that she would choose the latter. Justinian followed her lead and made new plans to retake his city. He called Belisarius and Mundus, his best generals, to marshal a force. He also sent the eunuch Narses to bribe one faction of the demes and begin dismantling their leadership. Then he ordered his forces to invade the Hippodrome, where they cut down some thirty thousand civilians and executed the false emperor Hypatius. Justinian's reign was once again secure.
* Watch Extra History ad-free & get 1-week early access on *NEBULA* https://go.nebula.tv/extrahistory
* Suggest & Vote on our next episodes, get exclusive content & 24-hour early access on *PATREON* https://bit.ly/EHPatreon
* Show off your fandom with *MERCH* from our store! http://extracredits.store/
*Interested in sponsoring an episode?* Email us: [email protected]
TWITTER: http://bit.ly/ECTweet I FACEBOOK: http://bit.ly/ECFBPage
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GAMING: https://www.youtube.com/@extracredits I TWITCH: https://bit.ly/ECtwitch
*Miss an episode in our Justinian & Theodora Series?*
Part 1 - https://youtu.be/H_2E0RxVHH4
Part 2 - https://youtu.be/klq84Z9O4GU
Part 3 - https://youtu.be/eGL_M1SQV5E
Part 4 - https://youtu.be/_NpDvBX2XEI
Part 5 - https://youtu.be/oakBpmsJJ9Q
Part 6 - https://youtu.be/0W8wIAV1Pu4
Part 7 - https://youtu.be/oUtEJtBeCaQ
Part 8 - https://youtu.be/EO9DuuhNEoE
Part 9 - https://youtu.be/aN1imOXR4b4
Part 10 - https://youtu.be/RwXAGiIVsgQ
Part 11 - https://youtu.be/I6vn6uRlPL8
Part 12 - https://youtu.be/6oHr-zd6Bew
Series Wrap-up & Lies Episode Part 1 - https://youtu.be/FZwsRVgEu3A
Series Wrap-up & Lies Episode Part 2 - https://youtu.be/wNs4Lklnky4
♪ "Monogenes Pais" by Sean and Dean Kiner - https://youtu.be/kSWO0JOKmWA - Available on Patreon!
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: https://bit.ly/ECFansRNice
Artist: David Hueso I Writer: James Portnow I Voice: Daniel Floyd I Editor: Carrie Floyd
♪ Extra History Theme by Sean & Dean Kiner I ♪ Music by Demetori: http://bit.ly/1EQA5N7
#ExtraHistory #ByzantineEmpire #History
Here is a link to the full conversation, if ya fancy giving it a whirl.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IwUlUHqEo3w&t=1376s
If you dig my stuff and wish to sup...
Here is a link to the full conversation, if ya fancy giving it a whirl.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IwUlUHqEo3w&t=1376s
If you dig my stuff and wish to support this channel, you can do so here. Any donations are massively appreciated.
https://www.patreon.com/historybro
https://paypal.me/HistoryBro
https://ko-fi.com/historybro
Bitcoin - 14EZ8fXagGRToCtfcX1ftQrWrcMTjWCFyw
Here is a link to the full conversation, if ya fancy giving it a whirl.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IwUlUHqEo3w&t=1376s
If you dig my stuff and wish to support this channel, you can do so here. Any donations are massively appreciated.
https://www.patreon.com/historybro
https://paypal.me/HistoryBro
https://ko-fi.com/historybro
Bitcoin - 14EZ8fXagGRToCtfcX1ftQrWrcMTjWCFyw
~~~ Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century) ~~~
Title: What is Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)?, Explain Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)
Created on: 2018-08-21
Source Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodora_Porphyrogenita_(11th_century)
------
Description: Theodora Porphyrogenita was a Byzantine Empress born into the Macedonian dynasty that ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost two hundred years. She was co-empress with her sister Zoë for two months in 1042 and sole empress regnant from 11 January 1055 to 31 August 1056. She was the last ruler of the Macedonian line. Theodora's life was entwined with that of her older sister Zoë. In 1028 her father, Constantine VIII, attempted to extend the dynasty by marrying Theodora to the urban prefect of Constantinople, Romanos Argyros. Theodora refused, and Zoë was married to him instead; three days later he became emperor. Angry that Theodora had been the first choice to marry Romanos, Zoë had her sister closely watched. After two foiled plots, Theodora was exiled to an island monastery in the Sea of Marmara. Twelve years later, the people of Constantinople rose against Michael V, Zoë's adopted son, and insisted that Theodora return to rule alongside her sister. After 65 days Zoë married again to Constantine IX, who assumed the imperial responsibilities. When Constantine IX died, the seventy-four-year-old Theodora returned to the throne, in the teeth of fierce opposition from court officials and military claimants. For eighteen months she was a strong empress before being struck down by a sudden illness and dying on 31 August 1056 aged seventy-six.
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The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the evolution of the Roman Army continues with the first episode of the series on the Army of the Eastern Roman Empire - the Byzantine Empire. In this episode, we'll mainly focus on how the Roman army was transformed into the medieval Byzantine army and talk about the armies of Justinian and Belisarius described by Procopius.
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Theodora (11th century)
Theodora (Greek: Θεοδώρα, Theodōra; 980 – late August/early September 1056) was a Byzantine Empress born into the Macedonian dynasty that had ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost two hundred years.
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📜 Byzantine Empire: Justinian and Theodora - Part 3 - Extra History
A group of monks declared sanctuary for two hooligans from the demes (Constantinople's fanatical chariot racing factions) who had miraculously survived a hanging. The public wanted them pardoned for their crimes, so when Justinian made his public appearance at the next chariot race, they begged him to have mercy. When Justinian refused, the crowd turned on him and became a rioting mob that tore through the streets of Constantinople. During the Nika Riots, they burned down neighborhoods and even the Hagia Sophia cathedral, rampaging until Justinian agreed to pardon the two men from the demes. Now, however, the mob would not accept that. They demanded that he fire his advisors. Then they decided to appoint their own emperor, a man named Hypatius who was related to the previous emperor Anastasius. Assaulted on all sides, Justinian made plans to flee, only to be confronted by Theodora. She gave a now famous speech asking whether he would rather live a failure or die an emperor, announcing that she would choose the latter. Justinian followed her lead and made new plans to retake his city. He called Belisarius and Mundus, his best generals, to marshal a force. He also sent the eunuch Narses to bribe one faction of the demes and begin dismantling their leadership. Then he ordered his forces to invade the Hippodrome, where they cut down some thirty thousand civilians and executed the false emperor Hypatius. Justinian's reign was once again secure.
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Originally from Paphlagonia, Theodora was of Armenian aristocratic descent. The names of her parents were preserved in Theophanes Continuatus, the continuation of the chronicle started by Theophanes the Confessor. They were Marinos, a drungarios, and Theoktiste Phlorina. Some modern genealogists, including Cyril Toumanoff and Nicholas Adontz, have suggested a link of Theodora's family with the Armenian noble clan of the Mamikonian. According to Nina Garsoïan in the Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, however, "[a]ttractive though it is, this thesis cannot be proven for want of sources." Thus genealogists attribute Mamikonian ancestry to Marinos; he is an alleged son of Artavazd Mamikonian, who was head of the House in the 770s. Artavazd headed a large-scale Armenian rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate that was crushed in the Battle of Bagrevand in 775, after which the family lost power, and many of its members found refuge in Byzantium. Manuel the Armenian, a leading general of Theophilos, was her uncle.