Myanmar (also known as Burma) is divided into twenty-one administrative subdivisions, which include seven states (ပြည်နယ်; pyi ne, IPA:[pjìnɛ̀]), seven regions (တိုင်းဒေသကြီး; taing detha gyi, IPA:[táiɴ dèθa̰ dʑí]), six self-administered zones and one self-administered division (Wa Self-Administered Division). The regions were called divisions prior to August 2010.
Each State and Region has a State Hlutttaw or Regional Hlutttaw made up of elected civilian members and representatives of the Armed Forces. The Constitution of Myanmar grants the Myanmar Armed Forces' Commander-in-Chief the right to appoint military officials to 1/3 of parliament seats, based on the number of elected MPs. The number of seats in each State or Region Hluttaw depends on the number of townships (each township constituency has 2 MPs), as well as ethnic representatives. The largest Hluttaws are the Shan State and Yangon Region Hluttaws, with 143 and 123 seats respectively, while the smallest are the Kayah State and Kayin State Hluttaws, which have 20 and 22 respectively.
DVB Debate News Flash: What do state and regional Hluttaws?
published: 02 Oct 2016
ICT Unit Skills Training for R&S Hluttaws Introduction
published: 17 Jun 2020
State and Region Governments in Myanmar
On October 23, 2013, The Asia Foundation hosted a presentation of the major findings from a new study on subnational governance, entitled "State and Region Governments in Myanmar". Authors of the study, Dr. Matthew Arnold, a Senior Program Officer with the Foundation's conflict and state fragility program in Bangkok, governance specialist Dr. Hamish Nixon, and Dr. Zaw Oo, Executive Director of Myanmar Development Resource Institute's Center for Economic and Social Development (MDRI-CESD) discussed core challenges to decentralization and provided their perspectives on the evolution of subnational governance in Myanmar.
FROM THE EVENT:
In the past year, Myanmar has embarked on a path of reform and openness. In an effort to better understand subnational governance in Myanmar, The Asia Found...
published: 06 Nov 2013
2020 Myanmar General Election
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2020. Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by or reserved for the military, to elect members to both the upper house and the lower house of the Assembly of the Union, as well as State and Regional Hluttaws. Ethnic Affairs Ministers were also elected by their designated electorates on the same day, although only select ethnic minorities in particular states and regions were entitled to vote for them. A total of 1,171 national, state, and regional seats were contested in the election, with polling having taken place in all townships, including areas considered conflict zones and self-administered regions.
published: 09 Nov 2020
Building and Strengthening Parliamentary Research Capacity in Mon, Kayin, and Tanintaryi Hluttaws
Building and Strengthening Parliamentary Research Capacity in Mon State, Kayin State, and Tanintaryi Region Hluttaws
published: 01 Nov 2018
2015 Myanmar General Election
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2015, with the National League for Democracy winning a supermajority of seats in the combined national parliament. Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by the military, to select Members of Assembly to seats in both the upper house and the lower house of the Assembly of the Union, and State and Region Hluttaws. Ethnic Affairs Ministers were also elected by their designated electorates on the same day, although only select ethnic minorities in particular states and regions were entitled to vote for them.
On October 23, 2013, The Asia Foundation hosted a presentation of the major findings from a new study on subnational governance, entitled "State and Region Gove...
On October 23, 2013, The Asia Foundation hosted a presentation of the major findings from a new study on subnational governance, entitled "State and Region Governments in Myanmar". Authors of the study, Dr. Matthew Arnold, a Senior Program Officer with the Foundation's conflict and state fragility program in Bangkok, governance specialist Dr. Hamish Nixon, and Dr. Zaw Oo, Executive Director of Myanmar Development Resource Institute's Center for Economic and Social Development (MDRI-CESD) discussed core challenges to decentralization and provided their perspectives on the evolution of subnational governance in Myanmar.
FROM THE EVENT:
In the past year, Myanmar has embarked on a path of reform and openness. In an effort to better understand subnational governance in Myanmar, The Asia Foundation has completed a study on state and region governments created under the 2008 Constitution and their relationship with broader governance, peace, and decentralization processes. The study analyzes a variety of critical questions. What is the constitutional, legal, and institutional framework for state and region government, and what is the policy direction of decentralization reform? What are the outcomes of these reforms in the states and regions, and how do they vary? What challenges, opportunities, and paths forward might there be to improve subnational statebuilding, service delivery, and conflict management in Myanmar?
While these new subnational governments have begun to open up more political space, they face significant limitations. The emergence of elected representative bodies at this level is a major reform, yet these regional parliaments, or hluttaws, face major capacity constraints.
The study is supported by a Program Partnership Agreement with the UK Department for International Development (DFID).
On October 23, 2013, The Asia Foundation hosted a presentation of the major findings from a new study on subnational governance, entitled "State and Region Governments in Myanmar". Authors of the study, Dr. Matthew Arnold, a Senior Program Officer with the Foundation's conflict and state fragility program in Bangkok, governance specialist Dr. Hamish Nixon, and Dr. Zaw Oo, Executive Director of Myanmar Development Resource Institute's Center for Economic and Social Development (MDRI-CESD) discussed core challenges to decentralization and provided their perspectives on the evolution of subnational governance in Myanmar.
FROM THE EVENT:
In the past year, Myanmar has embarked on a path of reform and openness. In an effort to better understand subnational governance in Myanmar, The Asia Foundation has completed a study on state and region governments created under the 2008 Constitution and their relationship with broader governance, peace, and decentralization processes. The study analyzes a variety of critical questions. What is the constitutional, legal, and institutional framework for state and region government, and what is the policy direction of decentralization reform? What are the outcomes of these reforms in the states and regions, and how do they vary? What challenges, opportunities, and paths forward might there be to improve subnational statebuilding, service delivery, and conflict management in Myanmar?
While these new subnational governments have begun to open up more political space, they face significant limitations. The emergence of elected representative bodies at this level is a major reform, yet these regional parliaments, or hluttaws, face major capacity constraints.
The study is supported by a Program Partnership Agreement with the UK Department for International Development (DFID).
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2020. Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by or reserved for the military, to ...
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2020. Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by or reserved for the military, to elect members to both the upper house and the lower house of the Assembly of the Union, as well as State and Regional Hluttaws. Ethnic Affairs Ministers were also elected by their designated electorates on the same day, although only select ethnic minorities in particular states and regions were entitled to vote for them. A total of 1,171 national, state, and regional seats were contested in the election, with polling having taken place in all townships, including areas considered conflict zones and self-administered regions.
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2020. Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by or reserved for the military, to elect members to both the upper house and the lower house of the Assembly of the Union, as well as State and Regional Hluttaws. Ethnic Affairs Ministers were also elected by their designated electorates on the same day, although only select ethnic minorities in particular states and regions were entitled to vote for them. A total of 1,171 national, state, and regional seats were contested in the election, with polling having taken place in all townships, including areas considered conflict zones and self-administered regions.
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2015, with the National League for Democracy winning a supermajority of seats in the combined national parl...
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2015, with the National League for Democracy winning a supermajority of seats in the combined national parliament. Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by the military, to select Members of Assembly to seats in both the upper house and the lower house of the Assembly of the Union, and State and Region Hluttaws. Ethnic Affairs Ministers were also elected by their designated electorates on the same day, although only select ethnic minorities in particular states and regions were entitled to vote for them.
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2015, with the National League for Democracy winning a supermajority of seats in the combined national parliament. Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by the military, to select Members of Assembly to seats in both the upper house and the lower house of the Assembly of the Union, and State and Region Hluttaws. Ethnic Affairs Ministers were also elected by their designated electorates on the same day, although only select ethnic minorities in particular states and regions were entitled to vote for them.
On October 23, 2013, The Asia Foundation hosted a presentation of the major findings from a new study on subnational governance, entitled "State and Region Governments in Myanmar". Authors of the study, Dr. Matthew Arnold, a Senior Program Officer with the Foundation's conflict and state fragility program in Bangkok, governance specialist Dr. Hamish Nixon, and Dr. Zaw Oo, Executive Director of Myanmar Development Resource Institute's Center for Economic and Social Development (MDRI-CESD) discussed core challenges to decentralization and provided their perspectives on the evolution of subnational governance in Myanmar.
FROM THE EVENT:
In the past year, Myanmar has embarked on a path of reform and openness. In an effort to better understand subnational governance in Myanmar, The Asia Foundation has completed a study on state and region governments created under the 2008 Constitution and their relationship with broader governance, peace, and decentralization processes. The study analyzes a variety of critical questions. What is the constitutional, legal, and institutional framework for state and region government, and what is the policy direction of decentralization reform? What are the outcomes of these reforms in the states and regions, and how do they vary? What challenges, opportunities, and paths forward might there be to improve subnational statebuilding, service delivery, and conflict management in Myanmar?
While these new subnational governments have begun to open up more political space, they face significant limitations. The emergence of elected representative bodies at this level is a major reform, yet these regional parliaments, or hluttaws, face major capacity constraints.
The study is supported by a Program Partnership Agreement with the UK Department for International Development (DFID).
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2020. Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by or reserved for the military, to elect members to both the upper house and the lower house of the Assembly of the Union, as well as State and Regional Hluttaws. Ethnic Affairs Ministers were also elected by their designated electorates on the same day, although only select ethnic minorities in particular states and regions were entitled to vote for them. A total of 1,171 national, state, and regional seats were contested in the election, with polling having taken place in all townships, including areas considered conflict zones and self-administered regions.
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2015, with the National League for Democracy winning a supermajority of seats in the combined national parliament. Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by the military, to select Members of Assembly to seats in both the upper house and the lower house of the Assembly of the Union, and State and Region Hluttaws. Ethnic Affairs Ministers were also elected by their designated electorates on the same day, although only select ethnic minorities in particular states and regions were entitled to vote for them.
Myanmar (also known as Burma) is divided into twenty-one administrative subdivisions, which include seven states (ပြည်နယ်; pyi ne, IPA:[pjìnɛ̀]), seven regions (တိုင်းဒေသကြီး; taing detha gyi, IPA:[táiɴ dèθa̰ dʑí]), six self-administered zones and one self-administered division (Wa Self-Administered Division). The regions were called divisions prior to August 2010.
Each State and Region has a State Hlutttaw or Regional Hlutttaw made up of elected civilian members and representatives of the Armed Forces. The Constitution of Myanmar grants the Myanmar Armed Forces' Commander-in-Chief the right to appoint military officials to 1/3 of parliament seats, based on the number of elected MPs. The number of seats in each State or Region Hluttaw depends on the number of townships (each township constituency has 2 MPs), as well as ethnic representatives. The largest Hluttaws are the Shan State and Yangon Region Hluttaws, with 143 and 123 seats respectively, while the smallest are the Kayah State and Kayin State Hluttaws, which have 20 and 22 respectively.
... township of Rakhine State ... A former Pyithu Hluttaw representative from Kyaukphyu stated that the military junta, which is facing defeat in the Rakhine region, focuses now on targeting civilians.