Rzeczpospolita (Polish pronunciation:[ʐɛt͡ʂpɔsˈpɔlʲita]) is a traditional and official name of the Polish State – Polish:Rzeczpospolita Polska (Latin:Respublica Poloniae, English: Republic of Poland). It comes from the words: "rzecz" (thing) and "pospolita" (common), literally, a "common thing". In terms of etymology and meaning, the closest Latin phrase is "res publica" (res "thing", publica "public, common") and the closest English term is "commonwealth" (i.e. "common wealth", "common good"), but a more modern translation is republic (a form of governance). In Poland the word Rzeczpospolita is used exclusively in relation to the Republic of Poland, and any other republic is referred to in Polish as a republika, e.g., Italian Republic – Polish:Republika Włoska.
Origins
The term "Rzeczpospolita" has been used in Poland since the beginning of the 16th century. Originally it was a generic term to denote a state or a commonness. The famous quote by Jan Zamoyski, the Lord Chancellor of the Crown, on the importance of education, is a great example of its use:
The History of Interwar Poland: the Second Polish Republic (1918 - 1939)
After WW1 Poland became an independent nation, called the Second Polish Republic (Rzeczpospolita Polska). After the Polish–Soviet War (1919-1921) was fought Poland's eastern borders were secured. The western borders were established after the Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19), led by Józef Piłsudski, and the Silesian Uprisings (1919-1921). All important moments in the history of Poland. Although Poland was independent now the republic suffered several hardships. Interwar Poland was far from stable. In the eastern regions (the kresy) Ukrainian nationalists (UPA) wreaked havoc. The Polish government sent troops to restore order, but this only radicalised the Ukrainians. With the German invasion of Poland (1939) the Second Polish Republic came to an end.
History Hustle presents: The History ...
published: 25 May 2019
Operation Downfall | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Operation Downfall
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio article...
After WW1 Poland became an independent nation, called the Second Polish Republic (Rzeczpospolita Polska). After the Polish–Soviet War (1919-1921) was fought Pol...
After WW1 Poland became an independent nation, called the Second Polish Republic (Rzeczpospolita Polska). After the Polish–Soviet War (1919-1921) was fought Poland's eastern borders were secured. The western borders were established after the Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19), led by Józef Piłsudski, and the Silesian Uprisings (1919-1921). All important moments in the history of Poland. Although Poland was independent now the republic suffered several hardships. Interwar Poland was far from stable. In the eastern regions (the kresy) Ukrainian nationalists (UPA) wreaked havoc. The Polish government sent troops to restore order, but this only radicalised the Ukrainians. With the German invasion of Poland (1939) the Second Polish Republic came to an end.
History Hustle presents: The History of Interwar Poland: the Second Polish Republic (1918 - 1939).
SUBSCRIBE ► https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYLJ8hULBTjTTmJZGL-dq-A?sub_confirmation=1
INSTAGRAM ►https://www.instagram.com/historyhustle
FACEBOOK ► https://www.facebook.com/historyhustler
This history on location was filmed on the 16th of August 2018 in Warsaw, Poland.
OTHER VIDEOS OF MINE
Soviet Terror in Poland:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxhjphZd1nE
Warsaw Uprising (1944):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XH2VkYqZcGk
Polish-Soviet War (1919 – 1921):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd05ZK7P8ew&t=1s
Hitler's Rise to Power:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5T61oVnRaVY
What caused WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLy4XgopkdY
Hungary during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Yn7X3-lFrk
Bulgaria during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2ooWaovOd4
Serbia during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZ-nv38wzrI&t=9s
Denmark during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3k0rltWs214&t=5s
PLAYLISTS
History of Germany:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4a9MenIt5w&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpFpRnkJQ2wFqM-fVV6Na9Nn
History of Poland:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd05ZK7P8ew&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpEfn--0swrIJs71HTVd2W4k
History of the interwar period:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FCfJBKCyao&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpE1z5zAyWb7ZXJMNYBqXKp-
History of Europe:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4a9MenIt5w&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpFxFzpAQ8yWmCHNz-ndoLdP
IMAGES
Images from commons.wikimedia.org.
MUSIC
"Lost Frontier" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
"Five Armies" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Wanna join forces and do a collaboration? Send me an email at: [email protected]
After WW1 Poland became an independent nation, called the Second Polish Republic (Rzeczpospolita Polska). After the Polish–Soviet War (1919-1921) was fought Poland's eastern borders were secured. The western borders were established after the Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19), led by Józef Piłsudski, and the Silesian Uprisings (1919-1921). All important moments in the history of Poland. Although Poland was independent now the republic suffered several hardships. Interwar Poland was far from stable. In the eastern regions (the kresy) Ukrainian nationalists (UPA) wreaked havoc. The Polish government sent troops to restore order, but this only radicalised the Ukrainians. With the German invasion of Poland (1939) the Second Polish Republic came to an end.
History Hustle presents: The History of Interwar Poland: the Second Polish Republic (1918 - 1939).
SUBSCRIBE ► https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYLJ8hULBTjTTmJZGL-dq-A?sub_confirmation=1
INSTAGRAM ►https://www.instagram.com/historyhustle
FACEBOOK ► https://www.facebook.com/historyhustler
This history on location was filmed on the 16th of August 2018 in Warsaw, Poland.
OTHER VIDEOS OF MINE
Soviet Terror in Poland:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxhjphZd1nE
Warsaw Uprising (1944):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XH2VkYqZcGk
Polish-Soviet War (1919 – 1921):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd05ZK7P8ew&t=1s
Hitler's Rise to Power:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5T61oVnRaVY
What caused WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLy4XgopkdY
Hungary during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Yn7X3-lFrk
Bulgaria during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2ooWaovOd4
Serbia during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZ-nv38wzrI&t=9s
Denmark during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3k0rltWs214&t=5s
PLAYLISTS
History of Germany:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4a9MenIt5w&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpFpRnkJQ2wFqM-fVV6Na9Nn
History of Poland:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd05ZK7P8ew&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpEfn--0swrIJs71HTVd2W4k
History of the interwar period:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FCfJBKCyao&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpE1z5zAyWb7ZXJMNYBqXKp-
History of Europe:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4a9MenIt5w&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpFxFzpAQ8yWmCHNz-ndoLdP
IMAGES
Images from commons.wikimedia.org.
MUSIC
"Lost Frontier" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
"Five Armies" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Wanna join forces and do a collaboration? Send me an email at: [email protected]
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Operation Downfall
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written languag...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Operation Downfall
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Operation Downfall was the proposed Allied plan for the invasion of Japan near the end of World War II. The planned operation was cancelled when Japan surrendered following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Soviet declaration of war, and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. The operation had two parts: Operation Olympic and Operation Coronet. Set to begin in November 1945, Operation Olympic was intended to capture the southern third of the southernmost main Japanese island, Kyūshū, with the recently captured island of Okinawa to be used as a staging area. Later, in the spring of 1946, Operation Coronet was the planned invasion of the Kantō Plain, near Tokyo, on the Japanese island of Honshu. Airbases on Kyūshū captured in Operation Olympic would allow land-based air support for Operation Coronet. If Downfall had taken place, it would have been the largest amphibious operation in history.Japan's geography made this invasion plan quite obvious to the Japanese as well; they were able to accurately predict the Allied invasion plans and thus adjust their defensive plan, Operation Ketsugō, accordingly. The Japanese planned an all-out defense of Kyūshū, with little left in reserve for any subsequent defense operations. Casualty predictions varied widely, but were extremely high. Depending on the degree to which Japanese civilians would have resisted the invasion, estimates ran up into the millions for Allied casualties.
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Operation Downfall
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Operation Downfall was the proposed Allied plan for the invasion of Japan near the end of World War II. The planned operation was cancelled when Japan surrendered following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Soviet declaration of war, and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. The operation had two parts: Operation Olympic and Operation Coronet. Set to begin in November 1945, Operation Olympic was intended to capture the southern third of the southernmost main Japanese island, Kyūshū, with the recently captured island of Okinawa to be used as a staging area. Later, in the spring of 1946, Operation Coronet was the planned invasion of the Kantō Plain, near Tokyo, on the Japanese island of Honshu. Airbases on Kyūshū captured in Operation Olympic would allow land-based air support for Operation Coronet. If Downfall had taken place, it would have been the largest amphibious operation in history.Japan's geography made this invasion plan quite obvious to the Japanese as well; they were able to accurately predict the Allied invasion plans and thus adjust their defensive plan, Operation Ketsugō, accordingly. The Japanese planned an all-out defense of Kyūshū, with little left in reserve for any subsequent defense operations. Casualty predictions varied widely, but were extremely high. Depending on the degree to which Japanese civilians would have resisted the invasion, estimates ran up into the millions for Allied casualties.
After WW1 Poland became an independent nation, called the Second Polish Republic (Rzeczpospolita Polska). After the Polish–Soviet War (1919-1921) was fought Poland's eastern borders were secured. The western borders were established after the Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19), led by Józef Piłsudski, and the Silesian Uprisings (1919-1921). All important moments in the history of Poland. Although Poland was independent now the republic suffered several hardships. Interwar Poland was far from stable. In the eastern regions (the kresy) Ukrainian nationalists (UPA) wreaked havoc. The Polish government sent troops to restore order, but this only radicalised the Ukrainians. With the German invasion of Poland (1939) the Second Polish Republic came to an end.
History Hustle presents: The History of Interwar Poland: the Second Polish Republic (1918 - 1939).
SUBSCRIBE ► https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYLJ8hULBTjTTmJZGL-dq-A?sub_confirmation=1
INSTAGRAM ►https://www.instagram.com/historyhustle
FACEBOOK ► https://www.facebook.com/historyhustler
This history on location was filmed on the 16th of August 2018 in Warsaw, Poland.
OTHER VIDEOS OF MINE
Soviet Terror in Poland:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxhjphZd1nE
Warsaw Uprising (1944):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XH2VkYqZcGk
Polish-Soviet War (1919 – 1921):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd05ZK7P8ew&t=1s
Hitler's Rise to Power:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5T61oVnRaVY
What caused WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLy4XgopkdY
Hungary during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Yn7X3-lFrk
Bulgaria during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2ooWaovOd4
Serbia during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZ-nv38wzrI&t=9s
Denmark during WW II:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3k0rltWs214&t=5s
PLAYLISTS
History of Germany:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4a9MenIt5w&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpFpRnkJQ2wFqM-fVV6Na9Nn
History of Poland:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd05ZK7P8ew&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpEfn--0swrIJs71HTVd2W4k
History of the interwar period:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FCfJBKCyao&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpE1z5zAyWb7ZXJMNYBqXKp-
History of Europe:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4a9MenIt5w&list=PL_bcNuRxKtpFxFzpAQ8yWmCHNz-ndoLdP
IMAGES
Images from commons.wikimedia.org.
MUSIC
"Lost Frontier" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
"Five Armies" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Wanna join forces and do a collaboration? Send me an email at: [email protected]
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Operation Downfall
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Operation Downfall was the proposed Allied plan for the invasion of Japan near the end of World War II. The planned operation was cancelled when Japan surrendered following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Soviet declaration of war, and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. The operation had two parts: Operation Olympic and Operation Coronet. Set to begin in November 1945, Operation Olympic was intended to capture the southern third of the southernmost main Japanese island, Kyūshū, with the recently captured island of Okinawa to be used as a staging area. Later, in the spring of 1946, Operation Coronet was the planned invasion of the Kantō Plain, near Tokyo, on the Japanese island of Honshu. Airbases on Kyūshū captured in Operation Olympic would allow land-based air support for Operation Coronet. If Downfall had taken place, it would have been the largest amphibious operation in history.Japan's geography made this invasion plan quite obvious to the Japanese as well; they were able to accurately predict the Allied invasion plans and thus adjust their defensive plan, Operation Ketsugō, accordingly. The Japanese planned an all-out defense of Kyūshū, with little left in reserve for any subsequent defense operations. Casualty predictions varied widely, but were extremely high. Depending on the degree to which Japanese civilians would have resisted the invasion, estimates ran up into the millions for Allied casualties.