- published: 11 Feb 2022
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The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, as well as the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union Army of the Potomac.
The name Army of Northern Virginia referred to its primary area of operation, as did most Confederate States Army names at the time. The Army originated as the (Confederate) Army of the Potomac, which was organized on June 20, 1861, from all operational forces in northern Virginia. On July 20 and July 21, the Army of the Shenandoah and forces from the District of Harpers Ferry were added. Units from the Army of the Northwest were merged into the Army of the Potomac between March 14 and May 17, 1862. The Army of the Potomac was renamed Army of Northern Virginia on March 14. The Army of the Peninsula was merged on April 12, 1862.
Robert E. Lee's biographer, Douglas S. Freeman, asserts that the army received its final name from Lee when he issued orders assuming command on June 1, 1862. However, Freeman does admit that Lee corresponded with Joseph E. Johnston, his predecessor in army command, prior to that date and referred to Johnston's command as the Army of Northern Virginia. Part of the confusion results from the fact that Johnston commanded the Department of Northern Virginia (as of October 22, 1861) and the name Army of Northern Virginia can be seen as an informal consequence of its parent department's name. Jefferson Davis and Johnston did not adopt the name, but it is clear that the organization of units as of March 14 was the same organization that Lee received on June 1, and thus it is generally referred to today as the Army of Northern Virginia, even if that is correct only in retrospect.
Northern Virginia–commonly referred to as NOVA–comprises several counties and independent cities in the Commonwealth of Virginia, in a widespread region generally radiating southerly and westward from Washington, D.C. With 2.8 million residents (about a third of the state), it is the most populous region of Virginia and the Washington metropolitan area. As the term is most often used, it excludes such areas as Warren County and Winchester; "Northeastern Virginia" more closely approximates the area usually meant.
Communities in the region form the Virginia portion of the Washington Metropolitan Area and the larger Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. Northern Virginia is the highest-income region of Virginia, having seven of the 20 highest-income counties in the nation, including the three highest as of 2009.
Northern Virginia's transportation infrastructure includes major airports Ronald Reagan Washington National and Washington Dulles International, several lines of the Washington Metro subway system, the Virginia Railway Express suburban commuter rail system, transit bus services, bicycle lanes and trails, and an extensive network of Interstate highways and expressways.
The Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia was a military organization within the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during much of the American Civil War. It was officially created and named following the Battle of Sharpsburg in 1862, but comprised units in a corps organization for quite some time prior to that. The Second Corps developed a reputation for hard fighting under famed early commander Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson.
The troops comprising the Second Corps originate known as the Second Corps of the Army of the Potomac, under the command of Major General Gustavus W. Smith. This unit was also known as the Second Division and was eventually subsumed into general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia as a reserve in Maj. Gen. D. H. Hill's Division. When Lee was able to reorganize his army after finishing battles with Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan on the peninsula, he created this corps under the command of Lieutenant General Jackson, along with a sister corps under Lt. Gen. James Longstreet. Lee's reorganization was based on his evaluation of the performance of his division commanders during the Seven Days Campaign.
Virginia (i/vərˈdʒɪnjə/ vər-JIN-yə, UK /vərˈdʒɪniə/ vər-JIN-ee-ə), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state located in the South Atlantic region of the United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" due to its status as the first colonial possession established in mainland British America, and "Mother of Presidents" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population as of 2014 is over 8.3 million.
The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties seceded to form the state of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.
50 Virginia /vərˈdʒɪnjə/ is a large, very dark main belt asteroid. It was discovered by American astronomer James Ferguson on October 4, 1857 from the United States Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. German astronomer Robert Luther discovered it independently on October 19 from Düsseldorf, and his discovery was announced first.
The reason for Virginia's name is not known; it may be named after Verginia, the Roman noblewoman slain by her father, but it may alternatively have been named after the American state of Virginia, which is contiguous with Washington.
Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico during 2008 gave a light curve with a period of 14.315 ± 0.001 hours and a brightness variation of 0.19 ± 0.02 in magnitude. The shape of the light curve at the maximum was found to change with phase angle.
The orbit of 50 Virginia places it in an 11:4 mean motion resonance with the planet Jupiter. The computed Lyapunov time for this asteroid is only 10,000 years, indicating that it occupies a chaotic orbit that will change randomly over time because of gravitational perturbations of the planets.
Virginia is a 1941 American drama film directed by Edward H. Griffith. It featured the onscreen debut of Sterling Hayden.
Author Scott Mingus to discuss his book 'The Second Battle of Winchester' co-written with Eric Wittenberg. This is an often overlooked battle early in the Gettysburg Campaign during June 13-15, 1863. General Robert Milroy disregarded several instructions to remove his command from Winchester. Union soldiers were unable hold their ground to the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia, leading to one of largest routes of the Civil War. Scott Mingus, a scientist and consultant in the global pulp & paper industry, holds patents in self-adhesive postage stamps and bar code labels. The Ohio native graduated from the Paper Science & Engineering program at Miami University. He has written 27 Civil War and Underground Railroad books. His biography Confederate General William “Extra Billy” S...
Donation Link: https://www.battlefields.org/give/save-battlefields/protect-158-acres-two-key-gettysburg-campaign-sites After the Battle of Brandy Station on June 9, Confederate General Robert E. Lee ordered the Army of Northern Virginia’s Second Corps, under the command of General Richard Ewell, to attack several thousand Federals, led by General Robert Milroy, occupying Winchester, Virginia — a key transportation hub for several roads and a branch of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad that ran along the east side of the property we and the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation (SVBF) have partnered to save. You can be part of our effort to safeguard two pivotal Gettysburg Campaign sites before they fall prey to development, destroying historic grounds where brave men fought and died.
The Second Battle of Winchester - speaker Scott Mingus Award winning author Scott Mingus spoke to the American Civil War Round Table (UK) in April 2021 and explained the significance of this largely forgotten battle of the Gettysburg campaign. In the summer of 1863, as Robert E Lee’s Confederate Army of Northern Virginia began pushing north toward Pennsylvania, only one significant force stood in the way - Union Major General Robert H Milroy’s division of the Eighth Army Corps. Milroy defied repeated instructions to withdraw to safety, believing the enemy action to be merely a cavalry raid or feint. His controversial decision put his outnumbered, largely inexperienced men on a path to disaster … Scott, a retired research scientist, has written 22 Civil War and Underground Railroad ...
battle
"From 'Old Bald Head' to 'Lee's Bad Old Man'" From the days under the command of "Stonewall" Jackson, the Second Corps had proven its battlefield prowess on countless bloody fields. In 1864 they would be asked to do even more. These wily veterans would march and fight from the banks of the Rapidan River, to the trenches of Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor, to the gates of Washington D.C. and back to the Shenandoah Valley. Serving under two of the most interesting and irascible men to attain high rank in the Army of Northern Virginia, this study will trace the corps throughout the bloody, destructive, and highly pivotal 1864 campaign season. Recorded at the Gettysburg National Military Park Museum & Visitor Center in July 2014 as part of the annual Sacred Trust Talks and Book Signings. To se...
Today is our last biographical video, we will be discussing the life of Thomas Stonewall Jackson. The commander of the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia from 1862 to the spring of 1863. He was the bane of the Union, folk songs to this day have been written about him. Thanks for watching, please like, share and comment and if you are a new viewer please subscribe and grow our history community! Thanks and Enjoy! https://www.nps.gov/getinvolved/donate.htm https://www.battlefields.org/ Videos about the war from 1861-1862 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UexRy_6SHWQ&t=6s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HtgFNMv75U&t=31s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K84OS97yo2E #stonewalljackson #americancivilwar #robertelee
On this date April 9, 1865 A.D. The Army of Northern Virginia led by Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant after the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse. Realizing how dire the situation was for the Confederate Army who was severely outnumbered and outgunned formally surrendered. Listen to the Illustrious Narrator talk about the Battle of Appomattox.
The Battle of the Wilderness: A Critical Turning Point in the Civil War | Try Pictory’s amazing features in free today: https://pictory.ai?ref=battle38 Use below coupon code for special discount: battle38 In this captivating video, delve into the historical significance of the Battle of the Wilderness during the American Civil War. Witness the intense clash between General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and General Ulysses S. Grant's Union Army of the Potomac. Explore the treacherous terrain of the Wilderness of Virginia, with its dense forests and limited visibility, which shaped the course of this brutal conflict. Discover how this pivotal battle set the stage for the grueling Overland Campaign and marked a turning point in the war. Immerse yourself in the brav...
What is a regiment? What is a brigade? This presentation outlines unit structure during the American Civil War. Both the north and the south used the same organizational structure. We will illustrate the organizational structure used in the civil war by example of the 1st Corps of the Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg. The most basic infantry unit in the civil war is a regiment. Regiments are named by a number and a state. When you hear the designation of a number and a state, like the 19th Indiana, you know that this is a regiment. Regiments can vary in size. Some regiments have as many as 5 or 6 hundred men, while smaller regiments might be below 200 men. Regiments in the middle range are about 300 men. A colonel will often command a regiment, although when officers are wounded or k...
Ranger Matt Atkinson leads a talk covering the aftermath of Gettysburg for the Army of Northern Virginia and how Robert E. Lee attempts to recoup his losses.
The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, as well as the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union Army of the Potomac.
The name Army of Northern Virginia referred to its primary area of operation, as did most Confederate States Army names at the time. The Army originated as the (Confederate) Army of the Potomac, which was organized on June 20, 1861, from all operational forces in northern Virginia. On July 20 and July 21, the Army of the Shenandoah and forces from the District of Harpers Ferry were added. Units from the Army of the Northwest were merged into the Army of the Potomac between March 14 and May 17, 1862. The Army of the Potomac was renamed Army of Northern Virginia on March 14. The Army of the Peninsula was merged on April 12, 1862.
Robert E. Lee's biographer, Douglas S. Freeman, asserts that the army received its final name from Lee when he issued orders assuming command on June 1, 1862. However, Freeman does admit that Lee corresponded with Joseph E. Johnston, his predecessor in army command, prior to that date and referred to Johnston's command as the Army of Northern Virginia. Part of the confusion results from the fact that Johnston commanded the Department of Northern Virginia (as of October 22, 1861) and the name Army of Northern Virginia can be seen as an informal consequence of its parent department's name. Jefferson Davis and Johnston did not adopt the name, but it is clear that the organization of units as of March 14 was the same organization that Lee received on June 1, and thus it is generally referred to today as the Army of Northern Virginia, even if that is correct only in retrospect.