-
Philipp Sterzer: A predictive-processing account of psychosis
Title: A predictive-processing account of psychosis
Date: 12.12.2022
Guest: Philipp Sterzer
Affiliation: Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel
Abstract: There has been increasing interest in the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying psychotic disorders in recent years. One promising approach is based on the theoretical framework of predictive processing, which proposes that inferences regarding the state of the world are made by combining prior beliefs with sensory signals. Delusions and hallucinations are the core symptoms of psychosis and often co-occur. Yet, different predictive-processing alterations have been proposed for these two symptom dimensions, according to which the relative weighting of prior beliefs in perceptual inference is decreased or increased, respectively. I w...
published: 16 Dec 2022
-
Postgraduate Summer Presentation Event
Everything I see is split up: Context processing in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Sivakumar Anandaciva and Bill Phillips
"Everything I see is split up. The mountains which are outlined in the swellings of the oxygen are beautiful." This quote from a patient with schizophrenia illustrates the fragmentation of cognitive and perceptual processes that is a core feature of schizophrenic psychopathology. Phillips and Silverstein (in press) propose that this fragmentation may result from a failure to use contextual information. Reduced sensitivity to linguistic context may manifest as contextually inappropriate intrusions of normal associations (e.g. using the chemical term for 'fresh air' in the quote above) (Spitzer et al., 1994), and reduced sensitivity to visual context may manifest as im...
published: 03 Jul 2013
-
I Have Every Mental Illness
It's not easy. Well, it is, but that's beside the point.
Terms to learn:
#panillnism
#npd
#factitiousdisorder
Background song is "Blue Dream" by Parablebox:
https://parablebox.bandcamp.com/track/panillnism-ft-parablebox
Early vids + name scroll: https://www.patreon.com/jreg
published: 22 Dec 2021
-
Reviewing Every Mental Illness
Go to https://surfshark.deals/Jreg for 84% off, 4 months free and the immediate healing of all mental ailments.
Mental 👏 illness 👏 review
If you disagree with any of my rankings or feel I missed a more niche Illness, feel free to share your own in the comments below, or here: https://www.reddit.com/r/mentalillnessreviews
uwu what's this https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5987239/
Have your DMs lost In the abyss of message requests: Https://www.Instagram.com/greg.guevara
Tweet at me like we’re having a real conversation: Https://www.Twitter.com/mc_swm
published: 26 Nov 2021
-
Disambiguating Psychoanalysis | Jonathan Shedler
Full Episode: https://youtu.be/zfJo0RePg8M
Robinson’s Podcast #132 - Jonathan Shedler: Freud, Psychoanalysis, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Jonathan Shedler is Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco and a faculty member at the San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis. He is a psychologist and psychotherapist. In this episode, Robinson and Jonathan discuss the clinical side of psychoanalytic theory. They begin by describing just how different contemporary practice is from its beginnings with Freud a hundred years ago, before detailing how psychodynamic therapy compares to other forms of treatment for mental illness.
Jonathan’s Website: https://jonathanshedler.com/
Jonathan’s Twitter: https://twitter.co...
published: 25 Aug 2023
-
The Disambiguation of Lilium (A One Man Piece)
Suppression and untreated mental illness leads to self torture and suffering that cannot be shown.
The Disambiguation of Lilium is a piece that seeks to uncover the side of depression that is rarely seen or even acknowledged. An exposé on the behind the scenes of a tortured soul and the removal of the veil of shadows that hides the truth. A young Maya Angelou battles her inner demons, leading her to finally break, in a graphic display of self-harm as a coping mechanism. In wake of the constant façade of a perfect self-image this is a burden she can no longer bare. We get a glimpse into her nightly routine of struggling with depression as she acts out the fantasies of ending her pain. This piece forces us to question the truth behind every “I’m Okay”.
- This video contains graphic image...
published: 19 May 2020
-
What Is Schizophrenia? Quick Definition
im tired of people asking so here is a quick definition for schizophrenia
published: 04 Nov 2018
-
Shrek ytp |shrek developed schizophrenia
Schizophrenia #Schizophrenia in this shrek ytp I made it so shrek starts with a headache then it gets worse and worse and worse then he gets Schizophrenia and flashes back to the first movie while punching himself, screaming, shouting like an idiot and dancing
Here is the Wikipedia for schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
For other uses, see Schizophrenia (disambiguation).
Schizophrenia
Embroidery art with nonlinear text sewn into it with multiple colors of thread
Cloth embroidered by a person diagnosed with schizophrenia
Pronunciation
/ˌskɪtsəˈfriːniə/, UK also /ˌskɪdzə-/, US also /-ˈfrɛniə/[1]
Specialty Psychiatry
Symptoms Hallucinations (usually hearing voices), delusions, confused thinking[2][3]
Complications Suicide, he...
published: 04 Nov 2022
-
Zangwill Talk by Prof David Bannerman "Hippocampal LTP and Psychiatry: The Prime Suspect"
Professor David Bannerman (University of Oxford)
Friday 15th October 2021
Abstract:
It is nearly 50 years since Bliss and Lomo first reported the long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus (now long-term potentiation; LTP ). Subsequently, deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity has been implicated in various psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, depression and Alzheimer’s Disease. Hippocampal LTP has become one of the most widely studied phenomena in neuroscience, and enormous resources have been poured into research efforts to develop treatment strategies for these disorders that target hippocampal LTP but with limited success. This failure, at least in part, reflects a lack of understanding as to the precise psychological sequelae of hippocampal ...
published: 22 Oct 2021
-
Sucker punch (disambiguation)
A sucker punch or suckerpunch is a blow made without warning. It may also refer to:
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
published: 31 Oct 2015
58:55
Philipp Sterzer: A predictive-processing account of psychosis
Title: A predictive-processing account of psychosis
Date: 12.12.2022
Guest: Philipp Sterzer
Affiliation: Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel
Abstract: Th...
Title: A predictive-processing account of psychosis
Date: 12.12.2022
Guest: Philipp Sterzer
Affiliation: Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel
Abstract: There has been increasing interest in the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying psychotic disorders in recent years. One promising approach is based on the theoretical framework of predictive processing, which proposes that inferences regarding the state of the world are made by combining prior beliefs with sensory signals. Delusions and hallucinations are the core symptoms of psychosis and often co-occur. Yet, different predictive-processing alterations have been proposed for these two symptom dimensions, according to which the relative weighting of prior beliefs in perceptual inference is decreased or increased, respectively. I will present recent behavioural, neuroimaging, and computational work that investigated perceptual decision-making under uncertainty and ambiguity to elucidate the changes in predictive processing that may give rise to psychotic experiences. Based on the empirical findings presented, I will provide a more nuanced predictive-processing account that suggests a common mechanism for delusions and hallucinations at low levels of the predictive-processing hierarchy, but still has the potential to reconcile apparently contradictory findings in the literature. This account may help to understand the heterogeneity of psychotic phenomenology and explain changes in symptomatology over time.
CCNB Seminar Series is hosted by the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin.
Twitter: @CCNBerlin
YouTube: @CCNBerlin
https://wn.com/Philipp_Sterzer_A_Predictive_Processing_Account_Of_Psychosis
Title: A predictive-processing account of psychosis
Date: 12.12.2022
Guest: Philipp Sterzer
Affiliation: Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel
Abstract: There has been increasing interest in the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying psychotic disorders in recent years. One promising approach is based on the theoretical framework of predictive processing, which proposes that inferences regarding the state of the world are made by combining prior beliefs with sensory signals. Delusions and hallucinations are the core symptoms of psychosis and often co-occur. Yet, different predictive-processing alterations have been proposed for these two symptom dimensions, according to which the relative weighting of prior beliefs in perceptual inference is decreased or increased, respectively. I will present recent behavioural, neuroimaging, and computational work that investigated perceptual decision-making under uncertainty and ambiguity to elucidate the changes in predictive processing that may give rise to psychotic experiences. Based on the empirical findings presented, I will provide a more nuanced predictive-processing account that suggests a common mechanism for delusions and hallucinations at low levels of the predictive-processing hierarchy, but still has the potential to reconcile apparently contradictory findings in the literature. This account may help to understand the heterogeneity of psychotic phenomenology and explain changes in symptomatology over time.
CCNB Seminar Series is hosted by the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin.
Twitter: @CCNBerlin
YouTube: @CCNBerlin
- published: 16 Dec 2022
- views: 1180
16:32
Postgraduate Summer Presentation Event
Everything I see is split up: Context processing in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Sivakumar Anandaciva and Bill Phillips
"Everything I see is split up. The ...
Everything I see is split up: Context processing in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Sivakumar Anandaciva and Bill Phillips
"Everything I see is split up. The mountains which are outlined in the swellings of the oxygen are beautiful." This quote from a patient with schizophrenia illustrates the fragmentation of cognitive and perceptual processes that is a core feature of schizophrenic psychopathology. Phillips and Silverstein (in press) propose that this fragmentation may result from a failure to use contextual information. Reduced sensitivity to linguistic context may manifest as contextually inappropriate intrusions of normal associations (e.g. using the chemical term for 'fresh air' in the quote above) (Spitzer et al., 1994), and reduced sensitivity to visual context may manifest as impaired perceptual organization of a visual scene ("Everything I see is split up"). The present study investigated the relationship between linguistic context processing, visual context processing, and schizophrenic symptomatolgy using (1) a linguistic contextual disambiguation task (2) a visual size-perception task (3) a visual closure task. The results indicate that reduced visual context sensitivity is not a general feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders; impaired use of contextual information was primarily associated with disorganized symptomatology. The results provide further evidence that schizophrenic clinical symptomatology and impaired perceptual organization may result from an underlying deficit in the use of contextual information.
https://wn.com/Postgraduate_Summer_Presentation_Event
Everything I see is split up: Context processing in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Sivakumar Anandaciva and Bill Phillips
"Everything I see is split up. The mountains which are outlined in the swellings of the oxygen are beautiful." This quote from a patient with schizophrenia illustrates the fragmentation of cognitive and perceptual processes that is a core feature of schizophrenic psychopathology. Phillips and Silverstein (in press) propose that this fragmentation may result from a failure to use contextual information. Reduced sensitivity to linguistic context may manifest as contextually inappropriate intrusions of normal associations (e.g. using the chemical term for 'fresh air' in the quote above) (Spitzer et al., 1994), and reduced sensitivity to visual context may manifest as impaired perceptual organization of a visual scene ("Everything I see is split up"). The present study investigated the relationship between linguistic context processing, visual context processing, and schizophrenic symptomatolgy using (1) a linguistic contextual disambiguation task (2) a visual size-perception task (3) a visual closure task. The results indicate that reduced visual context sensitivity is not a general feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders; impaired use of contextual information was primarily associated with disorganized symptomatology. The results provide further evidence that schizophrenic clinical symptomatology and impaired perceptual organization may result from an underlying deficit in the use of contextual information.
- published: 03 Jul 2013
- views: 285
3:38
I Have Every Mental Illness
It's not easy. Well, it is, but that's beside the point.
Terms to learn:
#panillnism
#npd
#factitiousdisorder
Background song is "Blue Dream" by Parablebox: ...
It's not easy. Well, it is, but that's beside the point.
Terms to learn:
#panillnism
#npd
#factitiousdisorder
Background song is "Blue Dream" by Parablebox:
https://parablebox.bandcamp.com/track/panillnism-ft-parablebox
Early vids + name scroll: https://www.patreon.com/jreg
https://wn.com/I_Have_Every_Mental_Illness
It's not easy. Well, it is, but that's beside the point.
Terms to learn:
#panillnism
#npd
#factitiousdisorder
Background song is "Blue Dream" by Parablebox:
https://parablebox.bandcamp.com/track/panillnism-ft-parablebox
Early vids + name scroll: https://www.patreon.com/jreg
- published: 22 Dec 2021
- views: 171448
8:43
Reviewing Every Mental Illness
Go to https://surfshark.deals/Jreg for 84% off, 4 months free and the immediate healing of all mental ailments.
Mental 👏 illness 👏 review
If you disagree with...
Go to https://surfshark.deals/Jreg for 84% off, 4 months free and the immediate healing of all mental ailments.
Mental 👏 illness 👏 review
If you disagree with any of my rankings or feel I missed a more niche Illness, feel free to share your own in the comments below, or here: https://www.reddit.com/r/mentalillnessreviews
uwu what's this https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5987239/
Have your DMs lost In the abyss of message requests: Https://www.Instagram.com/greg.guevara
Tweet at me like we’re having a real conversation: Https://www.Twitter.com/mc_swm
https://wn.com/Reviewing_Every_Mental_Illness
Go to https://surfshark.deals/Jreg for 84% off, 4 months free and the immediate healing of all mental ailments.
Mental 👏 illness 👏 review
If you disagree with any of my rankings or feel I missed a more niche Illness, feel free to share your own in the comments below, or here: https://www.reddit.com/r/mentalillnessreviews
uwu what's this https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5987239/
Have your DMs lost In the abyss of message requests: Https://www.Instagram.com/greg.guevara
Tweet at me like we’re having a real conversation: Https://www.Twitter.com/mc_swm
- published: 26 Nov 2021
- views: 1149386
12:01
Disambiguating Psychoanalysis | Jonathan Shedler
Full Episode: https://youtu.be/zfJo0RePg8M
Robinson’s Podcast #132 - Jonathan Shedler: Freud, Psychoanalysis, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Jonathan Shedle...
Full Episode: https://youtu.be/zfJo0RePg8M
Robinson’s Podcast #132 - Jonathan Shedler: Freud, Psychoanalysis, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Jonathan Shedler is Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco and a faculty member at the San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis. He is a psychologist and psychotherapist. In this episode, Robinson and Jonathan discuss the clinical side of psychoanalytic theory. They begin by describing just how different contemporary practice is from its beginnings with Freud a hundred years ago, before detailing how psychodynamic therapy compares to other forms of treatment for mental illness.
Jonathan’s Website: https://jonathanshedler.com/
Jonathan’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/jonathanshedler
Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.
Robinson's Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com
https://wn.com/Disambiguating_Psychoanalysis_|_Jonathan_Shedler
Full Episode: https://youtu.be/zfJo0RePg8M
Robinson’s Podcast #132 - Jonathan Shedler: Freud, Psychoanalysis, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Jonathan Shedler is Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco and a faculty member at the San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis. He is a psychologist and psychotherapist. In this episode, Robinson and Jonathan discuss the clinical side of psychoanalytic theory. They begin by describing just how different contemporary practice is from its beginnings with Freud a hundred years ago, before detailing how psychodynamic therapy compares to other forms of treatment for mental illness.
Jonathan’s Website: https://jonathanshedler.com/
Jonathan’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/jonathanshedler
Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.
Robinson's Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com
- published: 25 Aug 2023
- views: 70
14:02
The Disambiguation of Lilium (A One Man Piece)
Suppression and untreated mental illness leads to self torture and suffering that cannot be shown.
The Disambiguation of Lilium is a piece that seeks to unco...
Suppression and untreated mental illness leads to self torture and suffering that cannot be shown.
The Disambiguation of Lilium is a piece that seeks to uncover the side of depression that is rarely seen or even acknowledged. An exposé on the behind the scenes of a tortured soul and the removal of the veil of shadows that hides the truth. A young Maya Angelou battles her inner demons, leading her to finally break, in a graphic display of self-harm as a coping mechanism. In wake of the constant façade of a perfect self-image this is a burden she can no longer bare. We get a glimpse into her nightly routine of struggling with depression as she acts out the fantasies of ending her pain. This piece forces us to question the truth behind every “I’m Okay”.
- This video contains graphic images of self harm and may be a trigger to some. Viewer Discretion is Advise.
https://wn.com/The_Disambiguation_Of_Lilium_(A_One_Man_Piece)
Suppression and untreated mental illness leads to self torture and suffering that cannot be shown.
The Disambiguation of Lilium is a piece that seeks to uncover the side of depression that is rarely seen or even acknowledged. An exposé on the behind the scenes of a tortured soul and the removal of the veil of shadows that hides the truth. A young Maya Angelou battles her inner demons, leading her to finally break, in a graphic display of self-harm as a coping mechanism. In wake of the constant façade of a perfect self-image this is a burden she can no longer bare. We get a glimpse into her nightly routine of struggling with depression as she acts out the fantasies of ending her pain. This piece forces us to question the truth behind every “I’m Okay”.
- This video contains graphic images of self harm and may be a trigger to some. Viewer Discretion is Advise.
- published: 19 May 2020
- views: 76
0:32
What Is Schizophrenia? Quick Definition
im tired of people asking so here is a quick definition for schizophrenia
im tired of people asking so here is a quick definition for schizophrenia
https://wn.com/What_Is_Schizophrenia_Quick_Definition
im tired of people asking so here is a quick definition for schizophrenia
- published: 04 Nov 2018
- views: 37
1:39
Shrek ytp |shrek developed schizophrenia
Schizophrenia #Schizophrenia in this shrek ytp I made it so shrek starts with a headache then it gets worse and worse and worse then he gets Schizophrenia and f...
Schizophrenia #Schizophrenia in this shrek ytp I made it so shrek starts with a headache then it gets worse and worse and worse then he gets Schizophrenia and flashes back to the first movie while punching himself, screaming, shouting like an idiot and dancing
Here is the Wikipedia for schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
For other uses, see Schizophrenia (disambiguation).
Schizophrenia
Embroidery art with nonlinear text sewn into it with multiple colors of thread
Cloth embroidered by a person diagnosed with schizophrenia
Pronunciation
/ˌskɪtsəˈfriːniə/, UK also /ˌskɪdzə-/, US also /-ˈfrɛniə/[1]
Specialty Psychiatry
Symptoms Hallucinations (usually hearing voices), delusions, confused thinking[2][3]
Complications Suicide, heart disease, lifestyle diseases[4]
Usual onset Ages 16 to 30[3]
Duration Chronic[3]
Causes Environmental and genetic factors[5]
Risk factors Family history, cannabis use in adolescence, problems during pregnancy, childhood adversity, birth in late winter or early spring, older father, being born or raised in a city[5][6]
Diagnostic method Based on observed behavior, reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person[7]
Differential diagnosis Substance use disorder, Huntington's disease, mood disorders (bipolar disorder), autism,[8] borderline personality disorder[9]
Management Counseling, life skills training[2][5]
Medication Antipsychotics[5]
Prognosis 20–28 years shorter life expectancy[10][11]
Deaths ~17,000 (2015)[12]
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder[13] characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis.[5] Major symptoms include hallucinations (typically hearing voices), delusions, and disorganized thinking.[7] Other symptoms include social withdrawal, decreased emotional expression, and apathy.[5] Symptoms typically develop gradually, begin during young adulthood, and in many cases never become resolved.[3][7] There is no objective diagnostic test; diagnosis is based on observed behavior, a history that includes the person's reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person.[7] To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, symptoms and functional impairment need to be present for six months (DSM-5) or one month (ICD-11).[7][14] Many people with schizophrenia have other mental disorders, especially substance use disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and obsessive–compulsive disorder.[7]
About 0.3% to 0.7% of people are diagnosed with schizophrenia during their lifetime.[15] In 2017, there were an estimated 1.1 million new cases and in 2022 a total of 24 million cases globally.[2][16] Males are more often affected and on average have an earlier onset.[2] The causes of schizophrenia include genetic and environmental factors.[5] Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants.[17] Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city, cannabis use during adolescence, infections, the ages of a person's mother or father, and poor nutrition during pregnancy.[5][18]
About half of those diagnosed with schizophrenia will have a significant improvement over the long term with no further relapses, and a small proportion of these will recover completely.[7][19] The other half will have a lifelong impairment.[20] In severe cases people may be admitted to hospitals.[19] Social problems such as long-term unemployment, poverty, homelessness, exploitation, and victimization are commonly correlated with schizophrenia.[21][22] Compared to the general population, people with schizophrenia have a higher suicide rate (about 5% overall) and more physical health problems,[23][24] leading to an average decrease in life expectancy by 20[10] to 28 years.[11] In 2015, an estimated 17,000 deaths were linked to schizophrenia.[12]
The mainstay of treatment is antipsychotic medication, along with counseling, job training, and social rehabilitation.[5] Up to a third of people do not respond to initial antipsychotics, in which case clozapine may be used.[25] In a network comparative meta-analysis of 15 antipsychotic drugs, clozapine was significantly more effective than all other drugs, although clozapine's heavily multimodal action may cause more side effects.[26] In situations where doctors judge that there is a risk of harm to self or others, they may impose short involuntary hospitalization.[27] Long-term hospitalization is used on a small number of people with severe schizophrenia.[28] In some countries where supportive services are limited or unavailable, long-term hospital stays are more common.[29]
https://wn.com/Shrek_Ytp_|Shrek_Developed_Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia #Schizophrenia in this shrek ytp I made it so shrek starts with a headache then it gets worse and worse and worse then he gets Schizophrenia and flashes back to the first movie while punching himself, screaming, shouting like an idiot and dancing
Here is the Wikipedia for schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
For other uses, see Schizophrenia (disambiguation).
Schizophrenia
Embroidery art with nonlinear text sewn into it with multiple colors of thread
Cloth embroidered by a person diagnosed with schizophrenia
Pronunciation
/ˌskɪtsəˈfriːniə/, UK also /ˌskɪdzə-/, US also /-ˈfrɛniə/[1]
Specialty Psychiatry
Symptoms Hallucinations (usually hearing voices), delusions, confused thinking[2][3]
Complications Suicide, heart disease, lifestyle diseases[4]
Usual onset Ages 16 to 30[3]
Duration Chronic[3]
Causes Environmental and genetic factors[5]
Risk factors Family history, cannabis use in adolescence, problems during pregnancy, childhood adversity, birth in late winter or early spring, older father, being born or raised in a city[5][6]
Diagnostic method Based on observed behavior, reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person[7]
Differential diagnosis Substance use disorder, Huntington's disease, mood disorders (bipolar disorder), autism,[8] borderline personality disorder[9]
Management Counseling, life skills training[2][5]
Medication Antipsychotics[5]
Prognosis 20–28 years shorter life expectancy[10][11]
Deaths ~17,000 (2015)[12]
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder[13] characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis.[5] Major symptoms include hallucinations (typically hearing voices), delusions, and disorganized thinking.[7] Other symptoms include social withdrawal, decreased emotional expression, and apathy.[5] Symptoms typically develop gradually, begin during young adulthood, and in many cases never become resolved.[3][7] There is no objective diagnostic test; diagnosis is based on observed behavior, a history that includes the person's reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person.[7] To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, symptoms and functional impairment need to be present for six months (DSM-5) or one month (ICD-11).[7][14] Many people with schizophrenia have other mental disorders, especially substance use disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and obsessive–compulsive disorder.[7]
About 0.3% to 0.7% of people are diagnosed with schizophrenia during their lifetime.[15] In 2017, there were an estimated 1.1 million new cases and in 2022 a total of 24 million cases globally.[2][16] Males are more often affected and on average have an earlier onset.[2] The causes of schizophrenia include genetic and environmental factors.[5] Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants.[17] Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city, cannabis use during adolescence, infections, the ages of a person's mother or father, and poor nutrition during pregnancy.[5][18]
About half of those diagnosed with schizophrenia will have a significant improvement over the long term with no further relapses, and a small proportion of these will recover completely.[7][19] The other half will have a lifelong impairment.[20] In severe cases people may be admitted to hospitals.[19] Social problems such as long-term unemployment, poverty, homelessness, exploitation, and victimization are commonly correlated with schizophrenia.[21][22] Compared to the general population, people with schizophrenia have a higher suicide rate (about 5% overall) and more physical health problems,[23][24] leading to an average decrease in life expectancy by 20[10] to 28 years.[11] In 2015, an estimated 17,000 deaths were linked to schizophrenia.[12]
The mainstay of treatment is antipsychotic medication, along with counseling, job training, and social rehabilitation.[5] Up to a third of people do not respond to initial antipsychotics, in which case clozapine may be used.[25] In a network comparative meta-analysis of 15 antipsychotic drugs, clozapine was significantly more effective than all other drugs, although clozapine's heavily multimodal action may cause more side effects.[26] In situations where doctors judge that there is a risk of harm to self or others, they may impose short involuntary hospitalization.[27] Long-term hospitalization is used on a small number of people with severe schizophrenia.[28] In some countries where supportive services are limited or unavailable, long-term hospital stays are more common.[29]
- published: 04 Nov 2022
- views: 101
1:03:51
Zangwill Talk by Prof David Bannerman "Hippocampal LTP and Psychiatry: The Prime Suspect"
Professor David Bannerman (University of Oxford)
Friday 15th October 2021
Abstract:
It is nearly 50 years since Bliss and Lomo first reported the long-lasting...
Professor David Bannerman (University of Oxford)
Friday 15th October 2021
Abstract:
It is nearly 50 years since Bliss and Lomo first reported the long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus (now long-term potentiation; LTP ). Subsequently, deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity has been implicated in various psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, depression and Alzheimer’s Disease. Hippocampal LTP has become one of the most widely studied phenomena in neuroscience, and enormous resources have been poured into research efforts to develop treatment strategies for these disorders that target hippocampal LTP but with limited success. This failure, at least in part, reflects a lack of understanding as to the precise psychological sequelae of hippocampal LTP . The idea that hippocampal LTP provides the neural substrate for the formation of associative memories has predominated in neuroscience text books, although the empirical support for this hypothesis is limited at best. Here we provide an alternative account of the role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the priming of memories. This account can explain why deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity can lead to deficits in episodic memory retrieval in some cases, but psychosis in disorders like schizophrenia in others. It can also potentially account for the learning processes that might underpin the improvement in mood following anti-depressant treatment in patients.
https://wn.com/Zangwill_Talk_By_Prof_David_Bannerman_Hippocampal_Ltp_And_Psychiatry_The_Prime_Suspect
Professor David Bannerman (University of Oxford)
Friday 15th October 2021
Abstract:
It is nearly 50 years since Bliss and Lomo first reported the long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus (now long-term potentiation; LTP ). Subsequently, deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity has been implicated in various psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, depression and Alzheimer’s Disease. Hippocampal LTP has become one of the most widely studied phenomena in neuroscience, and enormous resources have been poured into research efforts to develop treatment strategies for these disorders that target hippocampal LTP but with limited success. This failure, at least in part, reflects a lack of understanding as to the precise psychological sequelae of hippocampal LTP . The idea that hippocampal LTP provides the neural substrate for the formation of associative memories has predominated in neuroscience text books, although the empirical support for this hypothesis is limited at best. Here we provide an alternative account of the role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the priming of memories. This account can explain why deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity can lead to deficits in episodic memory retrieval in some cases, but psychosis in disorders like schizophrenia in others. It can also potentially account for the learning processes that might underpin the improvement in mood following anti-depressant treatment in patients.
- published: 22 Oct 2021
- views: 98
1:32
Sucker punch (disambiguation)
A sucker punch or suckerpunch is a blow made without warning. It may also refer to:
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text availabl...
A sucker punch or suckerpunch is a blow made without warning. It may also refer to:
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
https://wn.com/Sucker_Punch_(Disambiguation)
A sucker punch or suckerpunch is a blow made without warning. It may also refer to:
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 31 Oct 2015
- views: 3