Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Spanish:[sanˈtjaɣo raˈmon i kaˈxal]; 1 May 1852 – 17 October 1934) was a Spanishpathologist, histologist, neuroscientist, and Nobel laureate. His original pioneering investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain have led to his being designated by many as the father of modern neuroscience. His medical artistry was legendary, and hundreds of his drawings illustrating the delicate arborizations of brain cells are still in use for educational and training purposes.
Names often misstated
The surname of Santiago Ramón y Cajal was not Cajal, as many writers call him. Ramón was his paternal surname and his maternal surname was Cajal. Spanish conventions list both the family of the mother and the father in names, with the paternal surname first. Thus, according to the naming conventions used on Wikipedia, he was Dr. Ramón y Cajal, not Dr. Cajal. Sources cited in this article may include such errors, but the Spanish convention will be adopted herein.
Santiago (/ˌsæntiˈɑːɡoʊ/; Spanish pronunciation:[sanˈtjaɣo]), also known as Santiago de Chile[sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈtʃile], is the capital and largest city of Chile. It is also the center of its largest conurbation. Santiago is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of 520m (1,706ft)above mean sea level.
Founded in 1541, Santiago has been the capital city of Chile since colonial times. The city has a downtown core of 19th century neoclassical architecture and winding side-streets, dotted by art deco, neo-gothic, and other styles. Santiago's cityscape is shaped by several stand-alone hills and the fast-flowing Mapocho River, lined by parks such as Parque Forestal. The Andes Mountains can be seen from most points in the city. These mountains contribute to a considerable smog problem, particularly during winter. The city outskirts are surrounded by vineyards and Santiago is within a few hours of both the mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
Santiago's steady economic growth over the past few decades has transformed it into a modern metropolis. The city is now home to a growing theater and restaurant scene, extensive suburban development, dozens of shopping centers, and a rising skyline, including the tallest building in Latin America, the Gran Torre Santiago. It includes several major universities, and has developed a modern transportation infrastructure, including a free flow toll-based, partly underground urban freeway system and the Metro de Santiago, South America's most extensive subway system. Santiago is the cultural, political and financial center of Chile and is home to the regional headquarters of many multinational corporations. The Chilean executive and judicial powers are located in Santiago, but Congress meets in nearby Valparaíso.
The Commune of Santiago is the central commune of the Santiago Province, located at the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region in Chile's Central Zone. Locally, Santiago is usually abbreviated Stgo. It is also called as "Santiago Centro" (Downtown Santiago) in order to differentiate it from Greater Santiago, a larger entity which includes Santiago Commune along with other 36 communes.
History
The city of Santiago was founded on February 12, 1541 as "Santiago de la Nueva Extremadura" by Pedro de Valdivia. It is officially the provincial, regional and national capital. It encompasses the oldest part of the city —that enclosed by old rail lines—, including downtown, and houses all major government infrastructure, including the government palace La Moneda.
Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, the commune has an area of 22.4km2 (9sqmi) and a population of 200,792 (99,155 men and 101,637 women), giving it a population density of 8,963.9/km2 (23,216/sqmi). The population shrank by 13.1% (30,185 persons) in the ten years since the 1992 population of 230,977. In 2002, there were 17,514 households, each with an average income of $28,648 in PPPUS dollars in 2006.
The Santiago micro-region (Microrregião de Santiago) is a micro-region in the western part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The area is 11,213.844 km².
Municipalities
The microregion consists of the following municipalities:
"As long as our brain is a mystery, the universe, the reflection of the structure of the brain will also be a mystery."
"The brain is a world consisting of a number of unexplored continents and great stretches of unknown territory."
"Even granting that the genius subjected to the test of critical inspection emerges free from all error, we should consider that everything he has discovered in a given domain is almost nothing in comparison with what is left to be discovered."
"To know the brain...is equivalent to ascertaining the material course of thought and will, to discovering the intimate history of life in its perpetual duel with external forces."
"De todas las reacciones posibles ante una injuria, la más hábil y económica es el silencio / Of all the possible reactions to an insult, the most effective and efficient one is silence."
Santiago Ramón y Cajal: Biography of a Great Thinker | History of Science
Santiago Ramón y Cajal ( 1852 -- 1934) was a Spanish scientist whose meticulous drawings of stained nervous tissue confirmed the "neuron theory" - that is, that brain tissue was made up of individual cells (neurons), as opposed to a network of fibers (the reticular theory). For his invaluable work, Ramón y Cajal was awarded the Nobel Prize, shared with Camillo Golgi.
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Biologist Biographies:
Louis Pasteur http://bit.ly/PasteurSocratica
Edward Jenner http://bit.ly/JennerSocratica
Frederick Sanger http://bit.ly/SangerSocratica
Ramon y Cajal http://bit.ly/RamonyCajalSocratica
Want to Learn More?
We recommend the following books:
The Beautiful Brain: The Drawings of Santiago Ramon y Caj...
published: 20 Jun 2014
Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Arte y ciencia
La figura de Santiago Ramón y Cajal se agiganta a medida que pasan los años. Ahora, más de siglo y medio después de su nacimiento, allá por la mitad del XIX, y a cien años vista de la concesión del Nobel de Medicina, sus aportaciones en el terreno de la neurología son indiscutidas y reverenciadas. Sin embargo, el centro social y cultural de la Casa Encendida, perteneciente a la Obra Social Caja Madrid, ha querido aunar en una exposición la indiscutible trascendencia de su labor científica con el valor artístico de su material de investigación, y otras obras de creación en diferentes campos como la literatura, la pintura.... En definitiva, la obra de un genio, nacido en un país secularmente sumido en las tinieblas en el mundo de la ciencia.. La dos salas, ocupadas por la memoria física de...
published: 14 Jun 2012
Santiago Ramón y Cajal, descubridor de las neuronas
Santiago Ramón y Cajal, descubridor de las neuronas
Santiago Ramón y Cajal ( 1852 -- 1934) was a Spanish scientist whose meticulous drawings of stained nervous tissue confirmed the "neuron theory" - that is, that...
Santiago Ramón y Cajal ( 1852 -- 1934) was a Spanish scientist whose meticulous drawings of stained nervous tissue confirmed the "neuron theory" - that is, that brain tissue was made up of individual cells (neurons), as opposed to a network of fibers (the reticular theory). For his invaluable work, Ramón y Cajal was awarded the Nobel Prize, shared with Camillo Golgi.
Be sure to subscribe so you don't miss videos from Socratica!
http://bit.ly/1ixuu9W
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
Biologist Biographies:
Louis Pasteur http://bit.ly/PasteurSocratica
Edward Jenner http://bit.ly/JennerSocratica
Frederick Sanger http://bit.ly/SangerSocratica
Ramon y Cajal http://bit.ly/RamonyCajalSocratica
Want to Learn More?
We recommend the following books:
The Beautiful Brain: The Drawings of Santiago Ramon y Cajal
http://amzn.to/2p1mZvK
Advice for a Young Investigator, by Santiago Ramon y Cajal
http://amzn.to/2oQ3GtF
Asimov’s Chronology of Science & Discovery
https://amzn.to/2jireBX
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Host: Liliana de Castro
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Written and Produced by Kimberly Hatch Harrison
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Creative Commons picture credits:
Navarre, Spain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarre#mediaviewer/File:Navarra_in_Spain.svg
Author: TUBS
University of Zaragoza - Antigua Facultdad de Medicina - Fachada
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Zaragoza#mediaviewer/File:Zaragoza_-_Antigua_Facultad_de_Medicina_-_Fachada.JPG
Author: ecelan
Military service in Spain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Army#mediaviewer/File:Facendo_o_servizo_militar.1945-Spain.jpg
Author: Lmbuga
University of Barcelona Facultat de Medicina
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Barcelona#mediaviewer/File:Facultat_de_Medicina_UB.JPG
CC Author: ToNToNi
Historic Building of the University of Barcelona
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Barcelona#mediaviewer/File:PlacaUniversitat.jpg
CC Author: Xavier Caballé
Golgi-stained Pyramidal neuron (human)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgi's_method#mediaviewer/File:GolgiStainedPyramidalCell.jpg
Author: Bob Jacobs, Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology Department of Psychology Colarado College http://www.ColoradoCollege.edu/IDProg/Neuroscience/
Chimp brain in a jar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain#mediaviewer/File:Chimp_Brain_in_a_jar.jpg
CC Author: Gaetan Lee
Cementerio Inglés
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Cemetery,_M%C3%A1laga#mediaviewer/File:Cementerio_Ingl%C3%A9s.jpg
cc author: NatalieMaynor
Cementerio inglés Málaga5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Cemetery,_M%C3%A1laga#mediaviewer/File:Cementerio_ingl%C3%A9s_M%C3%A1laga5.jpg
Author: Tyk
Santiago Ramón y Cajal ( 1852 -- 1934) was a Spanish scientist whose meticulous drawings of stained nervous tissue confirmed the "neuron theory" - that is, that brain tissue was made up of individual cells (neurons), as opposed to a network of fibers (the reticular theory). For his invaluable work, Ramón y Cajal was awarded the Nobel Prize, shared with Camillo Golgi.
Be sure to subscribe so you don't miss videos from Socratica!
http://bit.ly/1ixuu9W
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
Biologist Biographies:
Louis Pasteur http://bit.ly/PasteurSocratica
Edward Jenner http://bit.ly/JennerSocratica
Frederick Sanger http://bit.ly/SangerSocratica
Ramon y Cajal http://bit.ly/RamonyCajalSocratica
Want to Learn More?
We recommend the following books:
The Beautiful Brain: The Drawings of Santiago Ramon y Cajal
http://amzn.to/2p1mZvK
Advice for a Young Investigator, by Santiago Ramon y Cajal
http://amzn.to/2oQ3GtF
Asimov’s Chronology of Science & Discovery
https://amzn.to/2jireBX
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
Ways to support our channel:
► Join our Patreon : https://www.patreon.com/socratica
► Make a one-time PayPal donation: https://www.paypal.me/socratica
► We also accept Bitcoin @ 1EttYyGwJmpy9bLY2UcmEqMJuBfaZ1HdG9
Thank you!
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Connect with us!
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Host: Liliana de Castro
Artwork: Kim Parkhurst
Directed by Michael Harrison
Written and Produced by Kimberly Hatch Harrison
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
Creative Commons picture credits:
Navarre, Spain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarre#mediaviewer/File:Navarra_in_Spain.svg
Author: TUBS
University of Zaragoza - Antigua Facultdad de Medicina - Fachada
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Zaragoza#mediaviewer/File:Zaragoza_-_Antigua_Facultad_de_Medicina_-_Fachada.JPG
Author: ecelan
Military service in Spain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Army#mediaviewer/File:Facendo_o_servizo_militar.1945-Spain.jpg
Author: Lmbuga
University of Barcelona Facultat de Medicina
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Barcelona#mediaviewer/File:Facultat_de_Medicina_UB.JPG
CC Author: ToNToNi
Historic Building of the University of Barcelona
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Barcelona#mediaviewer/File:PlacaUniversitat.jpg
CC Author: Xavier Caballé
Golgi-stained Pyramidal neuron (human)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgi's_method#mediaviewer/File:GolgiStainedPyramidalCell.jpg
Author: Bob Jacobs, Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology Department of Psychology Colarado College http://www.ColoradoCollege.edu/IDProg/Neuroscience/
Chimp brain in a jar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain#mediaviewer/File:Chimp_Brain_in_a_jar.jpg
CC Author: Gaetan Lee
Cementerio Inglés
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Cemetery,_M%C3%A1laga#mediaviewer/File:Cementerio_Ingl%C3%A9s.jpg
cc author: NatalieMaynor
Cementerio inglés Málaga5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Cemetery,_M%C3%A1laga#mediaviewer/File:Cementerio_ingl%C3%A9s_M%C3%A1laga5.jpg
Author: Tyk
La figura de Santiago Ramón y Cajal se agiganta a medida que pasan los años. Ahora, más de siglo y medio después de su nacimiento, allá por la mitad del XIX, y ...
La figura de Santiago Ramón y Cajal se agiganta a medida que pasan los años. Ahora, más de siglo y medio después de su nacimiento, allá por la mitad del XIX, y a cien años vista de la concesión del Nobel de Medicina, sus aportaciones en el terreno de la neurología son indiscutidas y reverenciadas. Sin embargo, el centro social y cultural de la Casa Encendida, perteneciente a la Obra Social Caja Madrid, ha querido aunar en una exposición la indiscutible trascendencia de su labor científica con el valor artístico de su material de investigación, y otras obras de creación en diferentes campos como la literatura, la pintura.... En definitiva, la obra de un genio, nacido en un país secularmente sumido en las tinieblas en el mundo de la ciencia.. La dos salas, ocupadas por la memoria física de Cajal, dividen la atención del visitante entre la atracción estética de sus dibujos, fotografías y óleos, y la curiosidad que provoca conocer el instrumental del que se valía el científico en el entre siglo para conocer las asombrosas intimidades físicas del ser humano. Los cientos de dibujos mostrados en esta exposición nos hablan de la dedicación del científico a la anatomía humana. Este puente tendido entre la ciencia y el arte no debe hacernos olvidar que la obra de Cajal fue un vigoroso impulso para la ciencia en España, que hasta el momento era un auténtico erial. La obra de Cajal introduce a nuestro país en el panorama científico con auténticas mayœsculas, siendo puntero en las neurociencias. Para saber más:
http://www.uned.es
http://canal.uned.es
La figura de Santiago Ramón y Cajal se agiganta a medida que pasan los años. Ahora, más de siglo y medio después de su nacimiento, allá por la mitad del XIX, y a cien años vista de la concesión del Nobel de Medicina, sus aportaciones en el terreno de la neurología son indiscutidas y reverenciadas. Sin embargo, el centro social y cultural de la Casa Encendida, perteneciente a la Obra Social Caja Madrid, ha querido aunar en una exposición la indiscutible trascendencia de su labor científica con el valor artístico de su material de investigación, y otras obras de creación en diferentes campos como la literatura, la pintura.... En definitiva, la obra de un genio, nacido en un país secularmente sumido en las tinieblas en el mundo de la ciencia.. La dos salas, ocupadas por la memoria física de Cajal, dividen la atención del visitante entre la atracción estética de sus dibujos, fotografías y óleos, y la curiosidad que provoca conocer el instrumental del que se valía el científico en el entre siglo para conocer las asombrosas intimidades físicas del ser humano. Los cientos de dibujos mostrados en esta exposición nos hablan de la dedicación del científico a la anatomía humana. Este puente tendido entre la ciencia y el arte no debe hacernos olvidar que la obra de Cajal fue un vigoroso impulso para la ciencia en España, que hasta el momento era un auténtico erial. La obra de Cajal introduce a nuestro país en el panorama científico con auténticas mayœsculas, siendo puntero en las neurociencias. Para saber más:
http://www.uned.es
http://canal.uned.es
Santiago Ramón y Cajal ( 1852 -- 1934) was a Spanish scientist whose meticulous drawings of stained nervous tissue confirmed the "neuron theory" - that is, that brain tissue was made up of individual cells (neurons), as opposed to a network of fibers (the reticular theory). For his invaluable work, Ramón y Cajal was awarded the Nobel Prize, shared with Camillo Golgi.
Be sure to subscribe so you don't miss videos from Socratica!
http://bit.ly/1ixuu9W
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
Biologist Biographies:
Louis Pasteur http://bit.ly/PasteurSocratica
Edward Jenner http://bit.ly/JennerSocratica
Frederick Sanger http://bit.ly/SangerSocratica
Ramon y Cajal http://bit.ly/RamonyCajalSocratica
Want to Learn More?
We recommend the following books:
The Beautiful Brain: The Drawings of Santiago Ramon y Cajal
http://amzn.to/2p1mZvK
Advice for a Young Investigator, by Santiago Ramon y Cajal
http://amzn.to/2oQ3GtF
Asimov’s Chronology of Science & Discovery
https://amzn.to/2jireBX
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
Ways to support our channel:
► Join our Patreon : https://www.patreon.com/socratica
► Make a one-time PayPal donation: https://www.paypal.me/socratica
► We also accept Bitcoin @ 1EttYyGwJmpy9bLY2UcmEqMJuBfaZ1HdG9
Thank you!
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Connect with us!
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SocraticaStudios/
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Host: Liliana de Castro
Artwork: Kim Parkhurst
Directed by Michael Harrison
Written and Produced by Kimberly Hatch Harrison
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
Creative Commons picture credits:
Navarre, Spain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarre#mediaviewer/File:Navarra_in_Spain.svg
Author: TUBS
University of Zaragoza - Antigua Facultdad de Medicina - Fachada
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Zaragoza#mediaviewer/File:Zaragoza_-_Antigua_Facultad_de_Medicina_-_Fachada.JPG
Author: ecelan
Military service in Spain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Army#mediaviewer/File:Facendo_o_servizo_militar.1945-Spain.jpg
Author: Lmbuga
University of Barcelona Facultat de Medicina
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Barcelona#mediaviewer/File:Facultat_de_Medicina_UB.JPG
CC Author: ToNToNi
Historic Building of the University of Barcelona
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Barcelona#mediaviewer/File:PlacaUniversitat.jpg
CC Author: Xavier Caballé
Golgi-stained Pyramidal neuron (human)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgi's_method#mediaviewer/File:GolgiStainedPyramidalCell.jpg
Author: Bob Jacobs, Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology Department of Psychology Colarado College http://www.ColoradoCollege.edu/IDProg/Neuroscience/
Chimp brain in a jar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain#mediaviewer/File:Chimp_Brain_in_a_jar.jpg
CC Author: Gaetan Lee
Cementerio Inglés
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Cemetery,_M%C3%A1laga#mediaviewer/File:Cementerio_Ingl%C3%A9s.jpg
cc author: NatalieMaynor
Cementerio inglés Málaga5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Cemetery,_M%C3%A1laga#mediaviewer/File:Cementerio_ingl%C3%A9s_M%C3%A1laga5.jpg
Author: Tyk
La figura de Santiago Ramón y Cajal se agiganta a medida que pasan los años. Ahora, más de siglo y medio después de su nacimiento, allá por la mitad del XIX, y a cien años vista de la concesión del Nobel de Medicina, sus aportaciones en el terreno de la neurología son indiscutidas y reverenciadas. Sin embargo, el centro social y cultural de la Casa Encendida, perteneciente a la Obra Social Caja Madrid, ha querido aunar en una exposición la indiscutible trascendencia de su labor científica con el valor artístico de su material de investigación, y otras obras de creación en diferentes campos como la literatura, la pintura.... En definitiva, la obra de un genio, nacido en un país secularmente sumido en las tinieblas en el mundo de la ciencia.. La dos salas, ocupadas por la memoria física de Cajal, dividen la atención del visitante entre la atracción estética de sus dibujos, fotografías y óleos, y la curiosidad que provoca conocer el instrumental del que se valía el científico en el entre siglo para conocer las asombrosas intimidades físicas del ser humano. Los cientos de dibujos mostrados en esta exposición nos hablan de la dedicación del científico a la anatomía humana. Este puente tendido entre la ciencia y el arte no debe hacernos olvidar que la obra de Cajal fue un vigoroso impulso para la ciencia en España, que hasta el momento era un auténtico erial. La obra de Cajal introduce a nuestro país en el panorama científico con auténticas mayœsculas, siendo puntero en las neurociencias. Para saber más:
http://www.uned.es
http://canal.uned.es
Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Spanish:[sanˈtjaɣo raˈmon i kaˈxal]; 1 May 1852 – 17 October 1934) was a Spanishpathologist, histologist, neuroscientist, and Nobel laureate. His original pioneering investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain have led to his being designated by many as the father of modern neuroscience. His medical artistry was legendary, and hundreds of his drawings illustrating the delicate arborizations of brain cells are still in use for educational and training purposes.
Names often misstated
The surname of Santiago Ramón y Cajal was not Cajal, as many writers call him. Ramón was his paternal surname and his maternal surname was Cajal. Spanish conventions list both the family of the mother and the father in names, with the paternal surname first. Thus, according to the naming conventions used on Wikipedia, he was Dr. Ramón y Cajal, not Dr. Cajal. Sources cited in this article may include such errors, but the Spanish convention will be adopted herein.
He read the autobiography of 19th-centurySpanish neuroscientist SantiagoRamón y Cajal, which recounted how the famous researcher spent nights hunched over tissue samples in his basement, unraveling ...
ComplementBeautiful Bacteria with artist Rose-Lynn Fisher’s photomicroscopy of tears cried with different emotions, neuroscience founding father SantiagoRamón y Cajal’s stunning drawings ...
Complement with Bob Dylan on sacrifice, neuroscience founding father SantiagoRamón y Cajal on the six “diseases of the will” that keep the talented from reaching greatness, and the story ...
Epstein quotes SantiagoRamón y Cajal, the founder of modern neuroscience. “To him who observes them from afar, it appears as though they are scattering and dissipating their energies,” Cajal wrote, ...
One of SantiagoRamón y Cajal’s little-known drawings of the brain ... But when neuroscience founding father Santiago Ramón y Cajal discovered a gap between neurons — a miniature abyss ...
As the Enlightenment gave way to the Romantic era, attitudes toward creativity again began to shift ...SantiagoRamón y Cajal, considered the father of modern neuroscience, donated his brain to science upon his death in 1934 ... ....
As the Enlightenment gave way to the Romantic era, attitudes toward creativity again began to shift ... Some of them include. ... SantiagoRamón y Cajal, considered the father of modern neuroscience, donated his brain to science upon his death in 1934 ... ....
Smart electron microscope uses AI to optimize the imaging process. Credit. MIT CSAIL... Over a century ago, Spanish neuroscientist SantiagoRamón y Cajal was heralded as being the first to characterize the structure of the nervous system ... Source. ....
“This is the first really sort of comprehensive description of this,” he said ... A dauntingly vast organ. Over a century ago, Spanish neuroscientist SantiagoRamón y Cajal made some of the first intricate sketches of different kinds of brain cells ... .
“We read excitedly of the latest chemical, computational, or quantum theory of mind, and then ask, ‘Is that all there is to it?'” ... One of neuroscience founding father SantiagoRamón y Cajal’s little-known drawings of the brain.