In physiology, respiration is defined as the movement of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
The physiological definition of respiration should not be confused with the biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to cellular respiration: the metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy by reacting oxygen with glucose to give water, carbon dioxide and 38ATP (energy). Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals, the processes are distinct: cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the organism, while physiologic respiration concerns the bulk flow and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
Breathing (which in organisms with lungs is called ventilation and includes inhalation and exhalation) is a part of physiologic respiration. Thus, in precise usage, the words breathing and ventilation are hyponyms, not synonyms, of respiration; but this prescription is not consistently followed, even by most health care providers, because the term respiratory rate (RR) is a well-established term in health care, even though it would need to be consistently replaced with ventilation rate if the precise usage were to be followed.
The respiratory system (called also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for the process of respiration in an organism. The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment.
In air-breathing vertebrates like human beings, respiration takes place in the respiratory organs called lungs. The passage of air into the lungs to supply the body with oxygen is known as inhalation, and the passage of air out of the lungs to expel carbon dioxide is known as exhalation; this process is collectively called breathing or ventilation. In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and diaphragm. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs.
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at their ends for the purpose of transmitting power. Couplings do not normally allow disconnection of shafts during operation, however there are torque limiting couplings which can slip or disconnect when some torque limit is exceeded.
The primary purpose of couplings is to join two pieces of rotating equipment while permitting some degree of misalignment or end movement or both. By careful selection, installation and maintenance of couplings, substantial savings can be made in reduced maintenance costs and downtime.
Uses
Shaft couplings are used in machinery for several purposes.
The most common of which are the following.
To provide for the connection of shafts of units that are manufactured separately such as a motor and generator and to provide for disconnection for repairs or alterations.
To provide for misalignment of the shafts or to introduce mechanical flexibility.
To reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to another.
The concept of coupling is particularly important in physical cosmology, in which various forms of matter gradually decouple and recouple between each other.
Coupling is also important in physics for the generation of plasmas. In electrical discharges, the coupling of an exciting field and a medium creates plasmas. The quality of the coupling of an exciting field of given frequency to a charged particle depends on resonance.
Coupling is also the transfer of electrical energy from one circuit segment to another. For example, energy is transferred from a power source to an electrical load by means of conductive coupling, which may be either resistive or hard-wire. An AC potential may be transferred from one circuit segment to another having a DC potential by use of a capacitor. Electrical energy may be transferred from one circuit segment to another segment with different impedance by use of a transformer. This is known as impedance matching. These are examples of electrostatic and electrodynamic inductive coupling.
Ventilation is a part of structural firefighting tactics, and involves the expulsion of heat and smoke from a fire building, permitting the firefighters to more easily and safely find trapped individuals and attack the fire. If a large fire is not properly ventilated, not only will it be much harder to fight, but it could also build up enough poorly burned smoke to create a smoke explosion, or enough heat to create a flashover. Contrarily, poorly placed or timed ventilation may increase the fire's air supply, causing it to grow and spread rapidly. The flashover may cause the temperature inside the building to peak at over 1000 °C (1850 °F).
Types of ventilation
In general, there are two types of ventilation; vertical and horizontal. Their names refer to the general locations of the intended exit points of the heat and smoke to be ventilated. Vertical ventilation takes place through holes cut in the roof, typically by truck companies during the early stages of a fire in a process known collectively as roof operations, while horizontal ventilation usually takes place through doors and windows. The goal of each is to clear heat and smoke to increase chances of survival for trapped occupants, and/or so that water lines can be advanced into the structure, to more effectively battle the flames. While their goals are similar, their applications are different, but still both require good timing and coordination so that increased air flow through a structure doesn't contribute to fire spread.
Join the Amoeba Sisters for a brief tour through the human respiratory system! This video will discuss why the respiratory system is so important and address major structures such as the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and lungs. Video also mentions a bit about surfactant and the impact blood pH can have on breathing. Video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. You can change the audio track language in the Settings menu.
---------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:14 How Cellular Respiration is Different
0:52 Tour of General Structures
2:18 Recap of General Structures
2:43 Alveoli
3:02 Body Systems Work With Respiratory System
3:49 pH and Regulation of Breathing
5...
Join the Amoeba Sisters for a brief tour through the human respiratory system! This video will discuss why the respiratory system is so important and address ma...
Join the Amoeba Sisters for a brief tour through the human respiratory system! This video will discuss why the respiratory system is so important and address major structures such as the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and lungs. Video also mentions a bit about surfactant and the impact blood pH can have on breathing. Video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. You can change the audio track language in the Settings menu.
---------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:14 How Cellular Respiration is Different
0:52 Tour of General Structures
2:18 Recap of General Structures
2:43 Alveoli
3:02 Body Systems Work With Respiratory System
3:49 pH and Regulation of Breathing
5:19 Other Organisms do Gas Exchange
5:47 Respiratory Illnesses
6:16 Example with Surfactant
---------------------------------------------------------
Factual References:
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “Systems of Gas Exchange- Biology 2e - OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 2018, https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/39-1-systems-of-gas-exchange
Hall, J. E. (2016). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. Elsevier.
Mccance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier.
Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.
---------------------------------------------------------
Further Reading Suggestions:
We mention tracheal rings are C-shaped. But what if they are O-shaped and complete? Learn more about the Complete Tracheal Rings condition, the effects of it, and also the treatments that exist: https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/complete-tracheal-rings
How does an increase of carbon dioxide affect pH?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482456/
Want to learn more than these general structures or more detail about all of them?
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/22-1-organs-and-structures-of-the-respiratory-system
Want to learn more about surface tension in the alveoli and surfactant?
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201411-507FR
Did you know Mary Ellen Avery determined that a lack of surfactant led to RDS in premature infants? Learn more about her amazing work and accomplishments here: http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/58112.html
Surface tension is a property of water! Learn more in our properties of water video:
https://youtu.be/3jwAGWky98c
-----------------------------------------------
The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us
Our Resources: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts
Biology Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Connect with us!
Website: https://www.AmoebaSisters.com
Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/AmoebaSisters
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters
Tumblr: https://www.amoebasisters.tumblr.com
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/AmoebaSisters
Webtoon: https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/amoeba-sisters-sisterhood/list?title_no=289479&page=1
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@amoebasistersofficial
Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store
TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS:
Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo
MUSIC:
Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.
TRANSLATIONS:
Arabic subtitles: فاطمة خالد مهدي
Spanish subtitles: Jeremy García
French subtitles: Charles Andrès
Hindi subtitles: "Biology Lover from India"
We gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. Learn more here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
We also have videos dubbed in Spanish and Portuguese using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. Learn more here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
Join the Amoeba Sisters for a brief tour through the human respiratory system! This video will discuss why the respiratory system is so important and address major structures such as the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and lungs. Video also mentions a bit about surfactant and the impact blood pH can have on breathing. Video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. You can change the audio track language in the Settings menu.
---------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:14 How Cellular Respiration is Different
0:52 Tour of General Structures
2:18 Recap of General Structures
2:43 Alveoli
3:02 Body Systems Work With Respiratory System
3:49 pH and Regulation of Breathing
5:19 Other Organisms do Gas Exchange
5:47 Respiratory Illnesses
6:16 Example with Surfactant
---------------------------------------------------------
Factual References:
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “Systems of Gas Exchange- Biology 2e - OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 2018, https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/39-1-systems-of-gas-exchange
Hall, J. E. (2016). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. Elsevier.
Mccance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier.
Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.
---------------------------------------------------------
Further Reading Suggestions:
We mention tracheal rings are C-shaped. But what if they are O-shaped and complete? Learn more about the Complete Tracheal Rings condition, the effects of it, and also the treatments that exist: https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/complete-tracheal-rings
How does an increase of carbon dioxide affect pH?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482456/
Want to learn more than these general structures or more detail about all of them?
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/22-1-organs-and-structures-of-the-respiratory-system
Want to learn more about surface tension in the alveoli and surfactant?
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201411-507FR
Did you know Mary Ellen Avery determined that a lack of surfactant led to RDS in premature infants? Learn more about her amazing work and accomplishments here: http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/58112.html
Surface tension is a property of water! Learn more in our properties of water video:
https://youtu.be/3jwAGWky98c
-----------------------------------------------
The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us
Our Resources: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts
Biology Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Connect with us!
Website: https://www.AmoebaSisters.com
Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/AmoebaSisters
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters
Tumblr: https://www.amoebasisters.tumblr.com
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/AmoebaSisters
Webtoon: https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/amoeba-sisters-sisterhood/list?title_no=289479&page=1
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@amoebasistersofficial
Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store
TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS:
Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo
MUSIC:
Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.
TRANSLATIONS:
Arabic subtitles: فاطمة خالد مهدي
Spanish subtitles: Jeremy García
French subtitles: Charles Andrès
Hindi subtitles: "Biology Lover from India"
We gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. Learn more here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
We also have videos dubbed in Spanish and Portuguese using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. Learn more here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
Join the Amoeba Sisters for a brief tour through the human respiratory system! This video will discuss why the respiratory system is so important and address major structures such as the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and lungs. Video also mentions a bit about surfactant and the impact blood pH can have on breathing. Video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. You can change the audio track language in the Settings menu.
---------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:14 How Cellular Respiration is Different
0:52 Tour of General Structures
2:18 Recap of General Structures
2:43 Alveoli
3:02 Body Systems Work With Respiratory System
3:49 pH and Regulation of Breathing
5:19 Other Organisms do Gas Exchange
5:47 Respiratory Illnesses
6:16 Example with Surfactant
---------------------------------------------------------
Factual References:
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “Systems of Gas Exchange- Biology 2e - OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 2018, https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/39-1-systems-of-gas-exchange
Hall, J. E. (2016). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. Elsevier.
Mccance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier.
Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.
---------------------------------------------------------
Further Reading Suggestions:
We mention tracheal rings are C-shaped. But what if they are O-shaped and complete? Learn more about the Complete Tracheal Rings condition, the effects of it, and also the treatments that exist: https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/complete-tracheal-rings
How does an increase of carbon dioxide affect pH?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482456/
Want to learn more than these general structures or more detail about all of them?
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/22-1-organs-and-structures-of-the-respiratory-system
Want to learn more about surface tension in the alveoli and surfactant?
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201411-507FR
Did you know Mary Ellen Avery determined that a lack of surfactant led to RDS in premature infants? Learn more about her amazing work and accomplishments here: http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/58112.html
Surface tension is a property of water! Learn more in our properties of water video:
https://youtu.be/3jwAGWky98c
-----------------------------------------------
The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us
Our Resources: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts
Biology Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Connect with us!
Website: https://www.AmoebaSisters.com
Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/AmoebaSisters
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters
Tumblr: https://www.amoebasisters.tumblr.com
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/AmoebaSisters
Webtoon: https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/amoeba-sisters-sisterhood/list?title_no=289479&page=1
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@amoebasistersofficial
Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store
TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS:
Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo
MUSIC:
Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.
TRANSLATIONS:
Arabic subtitles: فاطمة خالد مهدي
Spanish subtitles: Jeremy García
French subtitles: Charles Andrès
Hindi subtitles: "Biology Lover from India"
We gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. Learn more here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
We also have videos dubbed in Spanish and Portuguese using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. Learn more here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
In physiology, respiration is defined as the movement of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
The physiological definition of respiration should not be confused with the biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to cellular respiration: the metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy by reacting oxygen with glucose to give water, carbon dioxide and 38ATP (energy). Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals, the processes are distinct: cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the organism, while physiologic respiration concerns the bulk flow and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
Breathing (which in organisms with lungs is called ventilation and includes inhalation and exhalation) is a part of physiologic respiration. Thus, in precise usage, the words breathing and ventilation are hyponyms, not synonyms, of respiration; but this prescription is not consistently followed, even by most health care providers, because the term respiratory rate (RR) is a well-established term in health care, even though it would need to be consistently replaced with ventilation rate if the precise usage were to be followed.