A Chinese radical (Chinese:部首; pinyin:bùshǒu; literally: "section header") is a graphical component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. This component is often a semantic indicator (that is, an indicator of the meaning of the character), though in some cases the original semantic connection has become obscure, owing to changes in character meaning over time. In other cases, the radical may be a phonetic component or even an artificially extracted portion of the character.
The English term "radical" is based on an analogy between the structure of characters and inflection of words in European languages.
Radicals are also sometimes called "classifiers", but this name is more commonly applied to grammatical classifiers (measure words).
History
In the earliest Chinese dictionaries, such as the Erya (3rd century BC), characters were grouped together in broad semantic categories.
Because the vast majority of characters are phono-semantic compounds, combining a semantic component with a phonetic component, each semantic component tended to recur within a particular section of the dictionary.
In the 2nd century AD, the Han dynasty scholar Xu Shen organized his etymological dictionary Shuowen Jiezi by selecting 540 recurring graphic elements he called bù (部 , "categories").
Most were common semantic components, but they also included shared graphic elements such as a dot or horizontal stroke. Some were even artificially extracted groups of strokes, termed "glyphs" by Serruys (1984, p.657), which never had an independent existence other than being listed in Shuowen. Each character was listed under only one element, which is then referred to as the radical for that character. For example, characters containing 女 nǚ "female" or 木 mù "tree, wood" are often grouped together in the sections for those radicals.
In the Kangxi Dictionary there are only eight characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
Characters with Radical 192
Literature
Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy: from pictograph to ideogram: the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN0-89659-774-1.
Radical 191 meaning "fight" is 1 of 8 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals total) composed of 10 strokes.
In the Kangxi Dictionary there are 23 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
Characters with Radical 191
Literature
Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy: from pictograph to ideogram: the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN0-89659-774-1.
Matrix is a club in Berlin which opened in 1996. Located at Warschauer Platz 18 in ten basement vaults of the Warschauer Straße railway station, the discothèque houses up to nine bars and five dance floors. The venue has an overall size of 2,100 square meters, and is one of the biggest clubs in Berlin.
Since 2003 the programming is enlarged. Artists who have performed in recent years are Sabrina Setlur, Ne-Yo, Georges Morel, Vibe Kingz, DJ Size and others.
About three years the club had an own truck at the Berlin Love Parade. The venue is also used for showcases and filmsets.
The series features a cyberpunk story incorporating references to numerous philosophical and religious ideas where the heroes fight a desperate war against machine overlords who have enslaved Humanity in an extremely sophisticated virtual reality gestalt. Other influences include mythology, anime, and Hong Kong action films (particularly "heroic bloodshed" and martial arts movies).
Two of the Matrix video games, both supervised by the Wachowskis, are a part of the official chronology. Enter the Matrix, mainly focused on Niobe and Ghost and also written by the Wachowskis, connects the story of the short animated film Final Flight of the Osiris with the events of Reloaded, while The Matrix Online is a direct sequel to Revolutions.
The desecrations do not only have a vandalism matrix, they are often carried out in hatred of religion, and in addition to radical Islam, Satanists are also among the main attackers. As in Lecce, where the latest serious desecration took place ... READ ... .
The 39-year-old has styled himself as a radical libertarian and cultivates a look riffing off of Keanu Reeves’ Neo character in The Matrix, usually sporting an all-black wardrobe.
These observed magnetic field effects stem from quantum biological processes known as the radical pair mechanism ... The interface between the physical magnetic field and the living cell proved to be the oxygen radical superoxide.
Also part of the deal is a set of 17-inch Milton KeynesAlloy wheels (18” rims are optional) and IQ.LightMatrixLED headlights. The cabin of the GTI doesn’t feel radically different to that of the ...
Hydration directly influences collagen production, sustains the skin’s moisture matrix, and acts as a formidable defence against free radicals.</p>.<p><em>(The author is a ...
The coexistence and functioning of these educational and financial systems not only sustain the ongoing conflict with Israel but also foster radicalism within Palestinian society, and the complex ...
This paradigm consists of a quasi-religious ‘contract’ that Jews shall enjoy security every, and anywhere, in the land of Israel – brought about by the elaborate matrix of radical insecurity of space and rights imposed on non-Jews (i.e.
The novel does not end happily for the planet or its inhabitants ... Ice, for Leonard, is a “radically disruptive substance”, a source of terror and entrapment, yes, but also a matrix of revelation ....
I loved growing up in America... My youth was no different than any other Gen Xer ... The oppressor/oppressed matrix that dictates the radical left’s agenda spits in the face of all that came before it and all that made the United States so precious ... .
But even these decisions pale next to the potential liability of this board’s radical discipline matrix, under which a student who is charged in juvenile court with attempted murder or sexual assault, ...
Along with an increase in engine size and power, the R1300 GS is significantly lighter, adopts state-of-the-art technology, and has undergone a radical restyle with the asymmetrical headlamps replaced by X-shaped matrix LEDs... .
Yet, Skynet of Terminator or the Architect of the Matrix have not risen against humans ... There will be no field where AI will not reach and thus radically alter.The truth about AI is far more boring than what exciting films like the Matrix project.
Created in just 7 days on a budget of only $30, the AI-generated video set to the song "War With The Matrix" is a radical prediction of the impact of AI on media and society by acclaimed hip-hop ...
Cleveland Jewish News
11 Dec 2023
Cleveland Jewish News
11 Dec 2023