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The Nervous System, Part 2 - Action! Potential!: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #9
What do you and a sack of batteries have in common? Today, Hank explains.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Chapters:
Introduction: What do Neurons Do? 00:00
Your Body is a Sack of Batteries 1:18
How Electricity Works Inside Your Nervous System 3:18
Sodium-Potassium Pump 4:04
Types of Ion Channels: Voltage-Gated, Ligand-Gated, and Mechanically-Gated 4:51
Graded Potential vs. Action Potential 5:45
Depolarization 6:19
Repolarization 7:35
Hyperpolarization 8:00
Refractory Period 8:14
Review 10:06
Credits 10:29
Crash Course Kids Preview! 10:39
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us...
published: 02 Mar 2015
-
The Action Potential
In this video Paul Andersen details the action potential in neurons. The resting potential of a neuron (-70mV) is maintained through differences in concentration and permeability of Na, K, and Cl ions. A graded potential is created as neurotransmitters from adjacent cells that are either excitatory or inhibitory. If the neuron reaches the threshold of -55mV an opening of voltage-gated sodium channels triggers an action potential that may affect other connected neurons.
PhET neuron simulation - https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/neuron
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.band...
published: 23 Jan 2017
-
Action Potential in the Neuron
This animation demonstrates the behavior of a typical neuron at its resting membrane potential, and when it reaches an action potential and fires, transmitting an electrochemical signal along the axon. It shows how the various components work in concert: Dendrites, cell body, axon, sodium and potassium ions, voltage-gated ion channels, the sodium-potassium pump, and myelin sheaths. It also shows the stages of an action potential: Polarization, depolarization, and hyperpolarization.
The animation was co-developed by Harvard Extension School's Office of Digital Teaching and Learning, and instructors for the courses in neurobiology and human anatomy.
Learn more about Harvard Extension School: https://www.extension.harvard.edu/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=ext_action-po...
published: 26 Mar 2018
-
2-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potential
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss the action potential. The term "action potential" refers to the electrical signaling that occurs within neurons. This electrical signaling leads the release of neurotransmitters, and therefore is important to the chemical communication that occurs between neurons. Thus, understanding the action potential is important to understanding how neurons communicate.
For more neuroscience articles, videos, and a complete neuroscience glossary, check out my website at www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com !
The chart displayed in this video is a CC image courtesy of OpenStax College. It is an illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6...
published: 26 Jul 2014
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Neuron action potential description | Nervous system physiology | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy
Created by Matthew Barry Jensen.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-neuron-membrane-potentials/v/neuron-action-potential-mechanism?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-neuron-membrane-potentials/v/neuron-graded-potential-mechanism?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
NCLEX-RN on Khan Academy: A collection of questions from content covered on the NCLEX-RN. These questions are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/).
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instru...
published: 14 Dec 2013
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Neurology | Resting Membrane, Graded, Action Potentials
Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will present on resting membrane, graded, and action potentials! We will be discussing the resting membrane potential, graded potential, and action potentials within a neuron! We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
Join this channel to get access to perks:
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published: 27 Jan 2021
-
Action Potential in Neurons, Animation.
(USMLE topics) What is Action Potential? How is it Generated in Neuron? Clear and Concise Explanation of Phases.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked copy of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Cells are polarized, meaning there is an electrical voltage across the cell membrane. In a resting neuron, the typical voltage, known as the RESTING membrane potential, is about -70mV (millivolts). The negative value means the cell is more negative on the INSIDE. At this resting state, there are concentration gradients of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane: more sodium OUTSIDE the cell and more potassium INSIDE the cell. These gradients are maintained by the sodium-potassium pump which constantly brings potassium IN and pumps ...
published: 25 Apr 2016
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NEURON ACTION POTENTIAL (MADE EASY)
👉📖 READY TO ACE YOUR EXAM? 📚 GET STUDY NOTES ON PATREON!
https://www.patreon.com/speedpharmacology
The action potential is the mechanism by which nerve cells communicate and conduct information. This short lecture covers topics such as generation of neuronal action potential (nerve impulse), neuronal polarization, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, resting membrane potential, threshold potential, and refractory period.
Thanks for watching and don't forget to SUBSCRIBE, hit the LIKE button👍 and click the BELL button🔔 for future notifications!!!
Like what we do? Learn how to support us on Patreon! 💪https://www.patreon.com/speedpharmacology
published: 06 May 2016
-
Action Potential | Neuron
In this video, Dr Mike explains the process of an action potential!!
published: 02 Apr 2019
11:44
The Nervous System, Part 2 - Action! Potential!: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #9
What do you and a sack of batteries have in common? Today, Hank explains.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them...
What do you and a sack of batteries have in common? Today, Hank explains.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Chapters:
Introduction: What do Neurons Do? 00:00
Your Body is a Sack of Batteries 1:18
How Electricity Works Inside Your Nervous System 3:18
Sodium-Potassium Pump 4:04
Types of Ion Channels: Voltage-Gated, Ligand-Gated, and Mechanically-Gated 4:51
Graded Potential vs. Action Potential 5:45
Depolarization 6:19
Repolarization 7:35
Hyperpolarization 8:00
Refractory Period 8:14
Review 10:06
Credits 10:29
Crash Course Kids Preview! 10:39
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
https://wn.com/The_Nervous_System,_Part_2_Action_Potential_Crash_Course_Anatomy_Physiology_9
What do you and a sack of batteries have in common? Today, Hank explains.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Chapters:
Introduction: What do Neurons Do? 00:00
Your Body is a Sack of Batteries 1:18
How Electricity Works Inside Your Nervous System 3:18
Sodium-Potassium Pump 4:04
Types of Ion Channels: Voltage-Gated, Ligand-Gated, and Mechanically-Gated 4:51
Graded Potential vs. Action Potential 5:45
Depolarization 6:19
Repolarization 7:35
Hyperpolarization 8:00
Refractory Period 8:14
Review 10:06
Credits 10:29
Crash Course Kids Preview! 10:39
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
- published: 02 Mar 2015
- views: 7033584
14:07
The Action Potential
In this video Paul Andersen details the action potential in neurons. The resting potential of a neuron (-70mV) is maintained through differences in concentrati...
In this video Paul Andersen details the action potential in neurons. The resting potential of a neuron (-70mV) is maintained through differences in concentration and permeability of Na, K, and Cl ions. A graded potential is created as neurotransmitters from adjacent cells that are either excitatory or inhibitory. If the neuron reaches the threshold of -55mV an opening of voltage-gated sodium channels triggers an action potential that may affect other connected neurons.
PhET neuron simulation - https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/neuron
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
1280px-Muscle_Tissue_(1).svg.png (1280×960). (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2016, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Muscle_Tissue_(1).svg/1280px-Muscle_Tissue_(1).svg.png
Dirgxtreme. (2015). English: reflex loop signal. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reflex_arc_signal.jpg
Helixitta. (2015). Українська: Переклад англійською File:Propagation of action potential along myelinated nerve fiber.png. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propagation_of_action_potential_along_myelinated_nerve_fiber_en.svg
holder, L. (2011). English: A 9V, AA, AAA, AAAA battery in close proximity for comparisisation porpoises. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AAAA_AAA_AA_9V_comparison-1.jpg
Indolences. (2007). Image:Traffic lights 3 states.png. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traffic_lights_3_states.svg
Jana, D. (2016). English: Myelinated neurons are faster than unmyelinated neurons because of Saltatory motion. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saltatory_Conduction.gif
LadyofHats. (2007). English: Complete neuron cell diagram. Neurons (also known as neurones and nerve cells) are electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that process and transmit information. In vertebrate animals, neurons are the core components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg
OpenStax. (2016a). Version 8.25 from the Textbook. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1221_Action_Potential.jpg
OpenStax. (2016b). Version 8.25 from the Textbook. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1224_Post_Synaptic_Potential_Summation.jpg
OpenStax. (2016c). Version 8.25 from the Textbook. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1224_Post_Synaptic_Potential_Summation.jpg
section, S. user in the "File history". (See the date of the upload in the “File history” section.). This image (basic representation of banana) has been created as part of the WikiVoc Project and released under Public Domain license. These illustrations can be used for various purposes, such as language dictionaries, flash cards, etc. Other such images can be found in the WikiVoc images category. Anyone can assist us in this project, so please help us out. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WikiVoc-banana.svg
Wikipedia, Q. J. at E. (2009). English: Recreated :File:Neuron-no labels2.png in Inkscape and hand-tuned to reduce filesize. Created by Quasar (talk) 19:59, 11 August 2009 (UTC). Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neuron_Hand-tuned.svg
https://wn.com/The_Action_Potential
In this video Paul Andersen details the action potential in neurons. The resting potential of a neuron (-70mV) is maintained through differences in concentration and permeability of Na, K, and Cl ions. A graded potential is created as neurotransmitters from adjacent cells that are either excitatory or inhibitory. If the neuron reaches the threshold of -55mV an opening of voltage-gated sodium channels triggers an action potential that may affect other connected neurons.
PhET neuron simulation - https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/neuron
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
1280px-Muscle_Tissue_(1).svg.png (1280×960). (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2016, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Muscle_Tissue_(1).svg/1280px-Muscle_Tissue_(1).svg.png
Dirgxtreme. (2015). English: reflex loop signal. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reflex_arc_signal.jpg
Helixitta. (2015). Українська: Переклад англійською File:Propagation of action potential along myelinated nerve fiber.png. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propagation_of_action_potential_along_myelinated_nerve_fiber_en.svg
holder, L. (2011). English: A 9V, AA, AAA, AAAA battery in close proximity for comparisisation porpoises. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AAAA_AAA_AA_9V_comparison-1.jpg
Indolences. (2007). Image:Traffic lights 3 states.png. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traffic_lights_3_states.svg
Jana, D. (2016). English: Myelinated neurons are faster than unmyelinated neurons because of Saltatory motion. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saltatory_Conduction.gif
LadyofHats. (2007). English: Complete neuron cell diagram. Neurons (also known as neurones and nerve cells) are electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that process and transmit information. In vertebrate animals, neurons are the core components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg
OpenStax. (2016a). Version 8.25 from the Textbook. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1221_Action_Potential.jpg
OpenStax. (2016b). Version 8.25 from the Textbook. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1224_Post_Synaptic_Potential_Summation.jpg
OpenStax. (2016c). Version 8.25 from the Textbook. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1224_Post_Synaptic_Potential_Summation.jpg
section, S. user in the "File history". (See the date of the upload in the “File history” section.). This image (basic representation of banana) has been created as part of the WikiVoc Project and released under Public Domain license. These illustrations can be used for various purposes, such as language dictionaries, flash cards, etc. Other such images can be found in the WikiVoc images category. Anyone can assist us in this project, so please help us out. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WikiVoc-banana.svg
Wikipedia, Q. J. at E. (2009). English: Recreated :File:Neuron-no labels2.png in Inkscape and hand-tuned to reduce filesize. Created by Quasar (talk) 19:59, 11 August 2009 (UTC). Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neuron_Hand-tuned.svg
- published: 23 Jan 2017
- views: 1315208
13:12
Action Potential in the Neuron
This animation demonstrates the behavior of a typical neuron at its resting membrane potential, and when it reaches an action potential and fires, transmitting ...
This animation demonstrates the behavior of a typical neuron at its resting membrane potential, and when it reaches an action potential and fires, transmitting an electrochemical signal along the axon. It shows how the various components work in concert: Dendrites, cell body, axon, sodium and potassium ions, voltage-gated ion channels, the sodium-potassium pump, and myelin sheaths. It also shows the stages of an action potential: Polarization, depolarization, and hyperpolarization.
The animation was co-developed by Harvard Extension School's Office of Digital Teaching and Learning, and instructors for the courses in neurobiology and human anatomy.
Learn more about Harvard Extension School: https://www.extension.harvard.edu/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=ext_action-potential-in-the-neuron&utm_content=description
https://wn.com/Action_Potential_In_The_Neuron
This animation demonstrates the behavior of a typical neuron at its resting membrane potential, and when it reaches an action potential and fires, transmitting an electrochemical signal along the axon. It shows how the various components work in concert: Dendrites, cell body, axon, sodium and potassium ions, voltage-gated ion channels, the sodium-potassium pump, and myelin sheaths. It also shows the stages of an action potential: Polarization, depolarization, and hyperpolarization.
The animation was co-developed by Harvard Extension School's Office of Digital Teaching and Learning, and instructors for the courses in neurobiology and human anatomy.
Learn more about Harvard Extension School: https://www.extension.harvard.edu/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=ext_action-potential-in-the-neuron&utm_content=description
- published: 26 Mar 2018
- views: 2798120
2:01
2-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potential
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss the action potential. The term "action potential...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss the action potential. The term "action potential" refers to the electrical signaling that occurs within neurons. This electrical signaling leads the release of neurotransmitters, and therefore is important to the chemical communication that occurs between neurons. Thus, understanding the action potential is important to understanding how neurons communicate.
For more neuroscience articles, videos, and a complete neuroscience glossary, check out my website at www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com !
The chart displayed in this video is a CC image courtesy of OpenStax College. It is an illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the action potential.
The action potential is a momentary reversal of membrane potential that is the basis for signaling within neurons. If you’re unfamiliar with membrane potential, you may want to watch my video on membrane potential before watching this video.
The resting membrane potential of a neuron is around -70 mV. When neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the dendrites of a neuron, they can have an effect on the neuron known as depolarization. This means that they make the membrane potential less polarized, or cause it to move closer to 0.
This chart shows membrane potential on the y axis and time on the x axis. When neurotransmitters interacting with receptors causes repeated depolarization of the neuron, eventually the neuron reaches what is known as its threshold membrane potential. In a neuron with a membrane potential of -70 mV, this is generally around -55 mV.
When threshold is reached, a large number of sodium channels open, allowing positively charged sodium ions into the cell. This causes massive depolarization of the neuron as the membrane potential reaches 0 and then becomes positive. This is known as the rising phase of the action potential. This influx of positive ions initiates the action potential, which then travels down the neuron.
Eventually the action potential reaches its peak, sodium channels close and potassium channels open, which allow potassium to flow out of the cell. This loss of positive potassium ions promotes repolarization which is known as the falling phase of the action potential. The neuron returns to resting membrane potential, but actually to overshoots it and the cell becomes hyperpolarized. During this phase, known as the refractory period, it is very difficult to cause the neuron to fire again.
Eventually the potassium channels close and the membrane returns to resting membrane potential, ready to be activated again. The signal generated by the action potential travels down the neuron and can cause the release of neurotransmitter at the axon terminals to pass the signal to the next neuron.
REFERENCE:
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates; 2008.
https://wn.com/2_Minute_Neuroscience_Action_Potential
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss the action potential. The term "action potential" refers to the electrical signaling that occurs within neurons. This electrical signaling leads the release of neurotransmitters, and therefore is important to the chemical communication that occurs between neurons. Thus, understanding the action potential is important to understanding how neurons communicate.
For more neuroscience articles, videos, and a complete neuroscience glossary, check out my website at www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com !
The chart displayed in this video is a CC image courtesy of OpenStax College. It is an illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the action potential.
The action potential is a momentary reversal of membrane potential that is the basis for signaling within neurons. If you’re unfamiliar with membrane potential, you may want to watch my video on membrane potential before watching this video.
The resting membrane potential of a neuron is around -70 mV. When neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the dendrites of a neuron, they can have an effect on the neuron known as depolarization. This means that they make the membrane potential less polarized, or cause it to move closer to 0.
This chart shows membrane potential on the y axis and time on the x axis. When neurotransmitters interacting with receptors causes repeated depolarization of the neuron, eventually the neuron reaches what is known as its threshold membrane potential. In a neuron with a membrane potential of -70 mV, this is generally around -55 mV.
When threshold is reached, a large number of sodium channels open, allowing positively charged sodium ions into the cell. This causes massive depolarization of the neuron as the membrane potential reaches 0 and then becomes positive. This is known as the rising phase of the action potential. This influx of positive ions initiates the action potential, which then travels down the neuron.
Eventually the action potential reaches its peak, sodium channels close and potassium channels open, which allow potassium to flow out of the cell. This loss of positive potassium ions promotes repolarization which is known as the falling phase of the action potential. The neuron returns to resting membrane potential, but actually to overshoots it and the cell becomes hyperpolarized. During this phase, known as the refractory period, it is very difficult to cause the neuron to fire again.
Eventually the potassium channels close and the membrane returns to resting membrane potential, ready to be activated again. The signal generated by the action potential travels down the neuron and can cause the release of neurotransmitter at the axon terminals to pass the signal to the next neuron.
REFERENCE:
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates; 2008.
- published: 26 Jul 2014
- views: 1028266
6:54
Neuron action potential description | Nervous system physiology | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy
Created by Matthew Barry Jensen.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-neuron-membrane-potentials/v/neur...
Created by Matthew Barry Jensen.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-neuron-membrane-potentials/v/neuron-action-potential-mechanism?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-neuron-membrane-potentials/v/neuron-graded-potential-mechanism?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
NCLEX-RN on Khan Academy: A collection of questions from content covered on the NCLEX-RN. These questions are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/).
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s NCLEX-RN channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDx5cTeADCvKWgF9x_Qjz3g?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
https://wn.com/Neuron_Action_Potential_Description_|_Nervous_System_Physiology_|_Nclex_Rn_|_Khan_Academy
Created by Matthew Barry Jensen.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-neuron-membrane-potentials/v/neuron-action-potential-mechanism?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-neuron-membrane-potentials/v/neuron-graded-potential-mechanism?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
NCLEX-RN on Khan Academy: A collection of questions from content covered on the NCLEX-RN. These questions are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/).
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s NCLEX-RN channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDx5cTeADCvKWgF9x_Qjz3g?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
- published: 14 Dec 2013
- views: 567771
56:30
Neurology | Resting Membrane, Graded, Action Potentials
Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will present on resting membrane, graded, and action pote...
Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will present on resting membrane, graded, and action potentials! We will be discussing the resting membrane potential, graded potential, and action potentials within a neuron! We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
Join this channel to get access to perks:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6QYFutt9cluQ3uSM963_KQ/join
APPAREL |
We are switching merchandise suppliers.
DONATE
PATREON | https://www.patreon.com/NinjaNerdScience
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https://wn.com/Neurology_|_Resting_Membrane,_Graded,_Action_Potentials
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In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will present on resting membrane, graded, and action potentials! We will be discussing the resting membrane potential, graded potential, and action potentials within a neuron! We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
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- published: 27 Jan 2021
- views: 1148768
6:30
Action Potential in Neurons, Animation.
(USMLE topics) What is Action Potential? How is it Generated in Neuron? Clear and Concise Explanation of Phases.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermar...
(USMLE topics) What is Action Potential? How is it Generated in Neuron? Clear and Concise Explanation of Phases.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked copy of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Cells are polarized, meaning there is an electrical voltage across the cell membrane. In a resting neuron, the typical voltage, known as the RESTING membrane potential, is about -70mV (millivolts). The negative value means the cell is more negative on the INSIDE. At this resting state, there are concentration gradients of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane: more sodium OUTSIDE the cell and more potassium INSIDE the cell. These gradients are maintained by the sodium-potassium pump which constantly brings potassium IN and pumps sodium OUT of the cell.
A neuron is typically stimulated at dendrites and the signals spread through the soma. Excitatory signals at dendrites open LIGAND-gated sodium channels and allow sodium to flow into the cell. This neutralizes some of the negative charge inside the cell and makes the membrane voltage LESS negative. This is known as depolarization as the cell membrane becomes LESS polarized. The influx of sodium diffuses inside the neuron and produces a current that travels toward the axon hillock. If the summation of all input signals is excitatory and is strong enough when it reaches the axon hillock, an action potential is generated and travels down the axon to the nerve terminal. The axon hillock is also known as the cell’s “trigger zone” as this is where action potentials usually start. This is because action potentials are produced by VOLTAGE-gated ion channels that are most concentrated at the axon hillock.
Voltage-gated ion channels are passageways for ions in and out of the cell, and as their names suggest, are regulated by membrane voltage. They open at some values of the membrane potential and close at others.
For an action potential to be generated, the signal must be strong enough to bring the membrane voltage to a critical value called the THRESHOLD, typically about -55mV. This is the minimum required to open voltage-gated ion channels. At threshold, sodium channels open quickly. Potassium channels also open but do so more slowly. The initial effect is therefore due to sodium influx. As sodium ions rush into the cell, the inside of the cell becomes more positive and this further depolarizes the cell membrane. The increasing voltage in turn causes even more sodium channels to open. This positive feedback continues until all the sodium channels are open and corresponds to the rising phase of the action potential. Note that the polarity across the cell membrane is now reversed.
As the action potential nears its peak, sodium channels begin to close. By this time, the slow potassium channels are fully open. Potassium ions rush out of the cell and the voltage quickly returns to its original resting value. This corresponds to the falling phase of the action potential. Note that sodium and potassium have now switched places across the membrane.
As the potassium gates are also slow to close, potassium continues to leave the cell a little longer resulting in a negative overshoot called hyper-polarization. The resting membrane potential is then slowly restored thanks to diffusion and the sodium-potassium pump.
During and shortly after an action potential is generated, it is impossible or very difficult to stimulate that part of the membrane to fire again. This is known as the REFRACTORY period. The refractory period is divided into absolute refractory and relative refractory. The absolute refractory period lasts from the start of an action potential to the point the voltage first returns to the resting membrane value. During this time, the sodium channels are open and subsequently INACTIVATED while closing and thus unable to respond to any new stimulation. The relative refractory period lasts until the end of hyper-polarization. During this time, some of the potassium channels are still open, making it difficult for the membrane to depolarize, and a much stronger signal is required to induce a new response.
During an action potential, the sodium influx at a point on the axon spreads along the axon, depolarizing the adjacent patch of the membrane, generating a similar action potential in it. The sodium currents diffuse in both directions on the axon, but the refractory properties of ion channels ensure that action potential propagates ONLY in ONE direction. This is because ONLY the unfired patch of the axon can respond with an action potential; the part that has just fired is unresponsive until the action potential is safely out of range.
https://wn.com/Action_Potential_In_Neurons,_Animation.
(USMLE topics) What is Action Potential? How is it Generated in Neuron? Clear and Concise Explanation of Phases.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked copy of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Cells are polarized, meaning there is an electrical voltage across the cell membrane. In a resting neuron, the typical voltage, known as the RESTING membrane potential, is about -70mV (millivolts). The negative value means the cell is more negative on the INSIDE. At this resting state, there are concentration gradients of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane: more sodium OUTSIDE the cell and more potassium INSIDE the cell. These gradients are maintained by the sodium-potassium pump which constantly brings potassium IN and pumps sodium OUT of the cell.
A neuron is typically stimulated at dendrites and the signals spread through the soma. Excitatory signals at dendrites open LIGAND-gated sodium channels and allow sodium to flow into the cell. This neutralizes some of the negative charge inside the cell and makes the membrane voltage LESS negative. This is known as depolarization as the cell membrane becomes LESS polarized. The influx of sodium diffuses inside the neuron and produces a current that travels toward the axon hillock. If the summation of all input signals is excitatory and is strong enough when it reaches the axon hillock, an action potential is generated and travels down the axon to the nerve terminal. The axon hillock is also known as the cell’s “trigger zone” as this is where action potentials usually start. This is because action potentials are produced by VOLTAGE-gated ion channels that are most concentrated at the axon hillock.
Voltage-gated ion channels are passageways for ions in and out of the cell, and as their names suggest, are regulated by membrane voltage. They open at some values of the membrane potential and close at others.
For an action potential to be generated, the signal must be strong enough to bring the membrane voltage to a critical value called the THRESHOLD, typically about -55mV. This is the minimum required to open voltage-gated ion channels. At threshold, sodium channels open quickly. Potassium channels also open but do so more slowly. The initial effect is therefore due to sodium influx. As sodium ions rush into the cell, the inside of the cell becomes more positive and this further depolarizes the cell membrane. The increasing voltage in turn causes even more sodium channels to open. This positive feedback continues until all the sodium channels are open and corresponds to the rising phase of the action potential. Note that the polarity across the cell membrane is now reversed.
As the action potential nears its peak, sodium channels begin to close. By this time, the slow potassium channels are fully open. Potassium ions rush out of the cell and the voltage quickly returns to its original resting value. This corresponds to the falling phase of the action potential. Note that sodium and potassium have now switched places across the membrane.
As the potassium gates are also slow to close, potassium continues to leave the cell a little longer resulting in a negative overshoot called hyper-polarization. The resting membrane potential is then slowly restored thanks to diffusion and the sodium-potassium pump.
During and shortly after an action potential is generated, it is impossible or very difficult to stimulate that part of the membrane to fire again. This is known as the REFRACTORY period. The refractory period is divided into absolute refractory and relative refractory. The absolute refractory period lasts from the start of an action potential to the point the voltage first returns to the resting membrane value. During this time, the sodium channels are open and subsequently INACTIVATED while closing and thus unable to respond to any new stimulation. The relative refractory period lasts until the end of hyper-polarization. During this time, some of the potassium channels are still open, making it difficult for the membrane to depolarize, and a much stronger signal is required to induce a new response.
During an action potential, the sodium influx at a point on the axon spreads along the axon, depolarizing the adjacent patch of the membrane, generating a similar action potential in it. The sodium currents diffuse in both directions on the axon, but the refractory properties of ion channels ensure that action potential propagates ONLY in ONE direction. This is because ONLY the unfired patch of the axon can respond with an action potential; the part that has just fired is unresponsive until the action potential is safely out of range.
- published: 25 Apr 2016
- views: 1394003
3:24
NEURON ACTION POTENTIAL (MADE EASY)
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The action potential is the mechanism by which nerve cells c...
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The action potential is the mechanism by which nerve cells communicate and conduct information. This short lecture covers topics such as generation of neuronal action potential (nerve impulse), neuronal polarization, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, resting membrane potential, threshold potential, and refractory period.
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https://wn.com/Neuron_Action_Potential_(Made_Easy)
👉📖 READY TO ACE YOUR EXAM? 📚 GET STUDY NOTES ON PATREON!
https://www.patreon.com/speedpharmacology
The action potential is the mechanism by which nerve cells communicate and conduct information. This short lecture covers topics such as generation of neuronal action potential (nerve impulse), neuronal polarization, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, resting membrane potential, threshold potential, and refractory period.
Thanks for watching and don't forget to SUBSCRIBE, hit the LIKE button👍 and click the BELL button🔔 for future notifications!!!
Like what we do? Learn how to support us on Patreon! 💪https://www.patreon.com/speedpharmacology
- published: 06 May 2016
- views: 832361
7:52
Action Potential | Neuron
In this video, Dr Mike explains the process of an action potential!!
In this video, Dr Mike explains the process of an action potential!!
https://wn.com/Action_Potential_|_Neuron
In this video, Dr Mike explains the process of an action potential!!
- published: 02 Apr 2019
- views: 261669