-
Genetics and The Modern Synthesis: Crash Course History of Science #35
Remember how Darwin and Mendel lived around the same time, but everyone forgot about Mendel until 1900, and even then biologists saw Darwinism and Mendelism as two competing grand theories about how life works?
Well, in this episode of Crash Course History of Science, we're going to bring everything together into a new Modern Biology!
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttine...
published: 04 Feb 2019
-
How Modern Synthesis Connects to Evolution
-- Created using PowToon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video. PowToon's animation templates help you create animated presentations and animated explainer videos from scratch. Anyone can produce awesome animations quickly with PowToon, without the cost or hassle other professional animation services require.
published: 24 Aug 2017
-
Neo Darwinism The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis | Class 12 Biology
Hi Everyone! Welcome To My Channel "Ali Academy Biology Lectures"
About This Video ........................
In This Video Lecture You Will Learn Basic Concept Of Neo Darwinism
The Origin of Species convinced most biologists that species are products of evolution.
which emphasizes the extensive genetic variation within populations and recognizes
the importance of quantitative characters. With progress in population genetics in the
early 1940s. It is called a synthesis because it integrated discoveries and idea« from
became known as the modern synthesis or Neo-Darwinism was developed in the
1930s, Mendelism and Darwinism were reconciled, and the genetic basis of variation
An important turning point for evolutionary theory was the birth of population genetics,
and natural selection w...
published: 08 Feb 2022
-
Modern Synthesis Theory of Evolution
This video is part of the "Population Genetics & Microevolution" lecture series. To see the full list of videos, visit: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAD01E20AA49BCA06
For materials associated with this topic visit: http://www.scienceclassisgreat.com/bio/07%20-%20Evolution/2%20-%20Population%20Genetics%20and%20Microevolutionary%20Mechanisms/
Summary: Mr. Lima discusses how the modern theory of evolution incorporates research from both genetics and evolution to explain biodiversity
published: 10 May 2012
-
Do we need a new theory of evolution?
The Guardian recently wrote an article about evolution. How accurate was it?
Here are links to stuff mentioned in the flick:
EYE EVOLUTION
Video: This presentation by Professor Dawkins is wonderful if you want a general overview of eye evolution. He does not discuss the origin of light sensing cells, though, for that, see readings below.
https://youtu.be/YT1vXXMsYak
Book: https://www.amazon.ca/Evolutions-Witness-How-Eyes-Evolved/dp/0195369742
Paper on light-receptive cell evolution: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4763119/
Paper on light-receptive protein evolution: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3583139/
WING EVOLUTION
Video: What use is half a wing? https://youtu.be/JMuzlEQz3uo
Video: The Biology of Angels (How did flight actually evolve?) https://youtu...
published: 08 Jul 2022
-
The Modern Synthesis
Learn how the Modern Synthesis combines Darwin's theory of Evolution by Natural Selection with our understanding of genetics into a cohesive theory. Also, learn about the scientists who helped create the modern synthesis with pop culture references mixed in
published: 04 Jun 2021
-
The extended evolutionary synthesis
I introduce some key ideas from the extended evolutionary synthesis.
published: 17 Jul 2020
-
Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution/Neo-Darwinism
Neo-Darwinism is the term popularly used, even today, for the synthesis between Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and the assumption that the variations on which selection acts are produced solely or primarily by gene mutations, though the term Modern Synthesis is more correct since Romanes coined the term neo-Darwinism before Mendel's work on genetics was rediscovered. The Modern Synthesis adds discrete (Mendelian) inheritance to neo-Darwinism.
published: 21 Nov 2020
-
The modern synthesis
The modern synthesis, Integrating genetics and evolution part 1
Darwin’s and Mendel’s theories were originally thought to be in conflict. Let’s talk about how they were finally reconciled into the theory of evolution.
To learn more about Professor Laura go to www.lauracmatthews.com
published: 07 Oct 2020
-
Evolutionary Biology - Modern Evolutionary Theory, Evolutionary Synthesis, Neo-Darwinian Theory
--------------------
©EXCEL_SCIENCE
www.YouTube.com/@EXCEL_SCIENCE
--------------------
Evolutionary Biology - Modern Evolutionary Theory
--------------------
Modern evolutionary theory has its foundation in the Evolutionary Synthesis or Modern Synthesis that is formulated on the basis of contributions from Genetics, Systematics and Palaeontology. It was named Neo-Darwinian Theory.
The modern synthetic theory of evolution has evolved during the last century through accumulation of facts and theoretical conclusions from a number of scientists. Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) in his book 'Genetics and the Origin of Species' emphasised the role of genetic changes in natural populations of Drosophila in the process of evolution.
Julian Huxley (1924) and Ernst Mayr (1942-43) have explained ...
published: 28 Feb 2023
12:34
Genetics and The Modern Synthesis: Crash Course History of Science #35
Remember how Darwin and Mendel lived around the same time, but everyone forgot about Mendel until 1900, and even then biologists saw Darwinism and Mendelism as ...
Remember how Darwin and Mendel lived around the same time, but everyone forgot about Mendel until 1900, and even then biologists saw Darwinism and Mendelism as two competing grand theories about how life works?
Well, in this episode of Crash Course History of Science, we're going to bring everything together into a new Modern Biology!
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
https://wn.com/Genetics_And_The_Modern_Synthesis_Crash_Course_History_Of_Science_35
Remember how Darwin and Mendel lived around the same time, but everyone forgot about Mendel until 1900, and even then biologists saw Darwinism and Mendelism as two competing grand theories about how life works?
Well, in this episode of Crash Course History of Science, we're going to bring everything together into a new Modern Biology!
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
- published: 04 Feb 2019
- views: 152468
5:06
How Modern Synthesis Connects to Evolution
-- Created using PowToon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free to...
-- Created using PowToon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video. PowToon's animation templates help you create animated presentations and animated explainer videos from scratch. Anyone can produce awesome animations quickly with PowToon, without the cost or hassle other professional animation services require.
https://wn.com/How_Modern_Synthesis_Connects_To_Evolution
-- Created using PowToon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video. PowToon's animation templates help you create animated presentations and animated explainer videos from scratch. Anyone can produce awesome animations quickly with PowToon, without the cost or hassle other professional animation services require.
- published: 24 Aug 2017
- views: 1624
2:09
Neo Darwinism The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis | Class 12 Biology
Hi Everyone! Welcome To My Channel "Ali Academy Biology Lectures"
About This Video ........................
In This Video Lecture You Will Learn Basic Concept...
Hi Everyone! Welcome To My Channel "Ali Academy Biology Lectures"
About This Video ........................
In This Video Lecture You Will Learn Basic Concept Of Neo Darwinism
The Origin of Species convinced most biologists that species are products of evolution.
which emphasizes the extensive genetic variation within populations and recognizes
the importance of quantitative characters. With progress in population genetics in the
early 1940s. It is called a synthesis because it integrated discoveries and idea« from
became known as the modern synthesis or Neo-Darwinism was developed in the
1930s, Mendelism and Darwinism were reconciled, and the genetic basis of variation
An important turning point for evolutionary theory was the birth of population genetics,
and natural selection was worked out. Thus, a comprehensive theory of evolution that
many diferent ields, including paleontology, taxonomy, biogeography, of course,
population genetics.
About This Channel.....................
I make these videos cause I love to draw and connect the complexity of science and medicine into art. I'm not saying. I'm 100% correct in all my videos, but I do try to obtain the information from credible sources.
One-stop destination for all biology lectures.
_ students in class 11, 12 or appearing for competitive medical exams ( NMDCAT ) will find it very beneficial
_ The videos are categories under various heading to make the students life simplified
Visit My Other Channel Playlist .....................
NMDCAT PART 1: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSXzOBvA_c1Mwe5KZtn9NXyHWPHvPTPG2
NMDCAT PART 2: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSXzOBvA_c1MkXL0rEFZgTYI8rkpxYiZh
Class 11th Lectures: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSXzOBvA_c1Mwe5KZtn9NXyHWPHvPTPG2
Class 12th Lectures: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSXzOBvA_c1MkXL0rEFZgTYI8rkpxYiZh
Class 10th Lectures:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSXzOBvA_c1PzItWzs9PNc3R-ALvCCBd1
Subscribe My Channel:
https://youtube.com/c/ALIACADEMYA7R
Social Link........................
Instagram:
https://instagram.com/ranaalibiologist?utm_medium=copy_link
https://wn.com/Neo_Darwinism_The_Modern_Evolutionary_Synthesis_|_Class_12_Biology
Hi Everyone! Welcome To My Channel "Ali Academy Biology Lectures"
About This Video ........................
In This Video Lecture You Will Learn Basic Concept Of Neo Darwinism
The Origin of Species convinced most biologists that species are products of evolution.
which emphasizes the extensive genetic variation within populations and recognizes
the importance of quantitative characters. With progress in population genetics in the
early 1940s. It is called a synthesis because it integrated discoveries and idea« from
became known as the modern synthesis or Neo-Darwinism was developed in the
1930s, Mendelism and Darwinism were reconciled, and the genetic basis of variation
An important turning point for evolutionary theory was the birth of population genetics,
and natural selection was worked out. Thus, a comprehensive theory of evolution that
many diferent ields, including paleontology, taxonomy, biogeography, of course,
population genetics.
About This Channel.....................
I make these videos cause I love to draw and connect the complexity of science and medicine into art. I'm not saying. I'm 100% correct in all my videos, but I do try to obtain the information from credible sources.
One-stop destination for all biology lectures.
_ students in class 11, 12 or appearing for competitive medical exams ( NMDCAT ) will find it very beneficial
_ The videos are categories under various heading to make the students life simplified
Visit My Other Channel Playlist .....................
NMDCAT PART 1: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSXzOBvA_c1Mwe5KZtn9NXyHWPHvPTPG2
NMDCAT PART 2: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSXzOBvA_c1MkXL0rEFZgTYI8rkpxYiZh
Class 11th Lectures: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSXzOBvA_c1Mwe5KZtn9NXyHWPHvPTPG2
Class 12th Lectures: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSXzOBvA_c1MkXL0rEFZgTYI8rkpxYiZh
Class 10th Lectures:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSXzOBvA_c1PzItWzs9PNc3R-ALvCCBd1
Subscribe My Channel:
https://youtube.com/c/ALIACADEMYA7R
Social Link........................
Instagram:
https://instagram.com/ranaalibiologist?utm_medium=copy_link
- published: 08 Feb 2022
- views: 27584
12:14
Modern Synthesis Theory of Evolution
This video is part of the "Population Genetics & Microevolution" lecture series. To see the full list of videos, visit: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA...
This video is part of the "Population Genetics & Microevolution" lecture series. To see the full list of videos, visit: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAD01E20AA49BCA06
For materials associated with this topic visit: http://www.scienceclassisgreat.com/bio/07%20-%20Evolution/2%20-%20Population%20Genetics%20and%20Microevolutionary%20Mechanisms/
Summary: Mr. Lima discusses how the modern theory of evolution incorporates research from both genetics and evolution to explain biodiversity
https://wn.com/Modern_Synthesis_Theory_Of_Evolution
This video is part of the "Population Genetics & Microevolution" lecture series. To see the full list of videos, visit: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAD01E20AA49BCA06
For materials associated with this topic visit: http://www.scienceclassisgreat.com/bio/07%20-%20Evolution/2%20-%20Population%20Genetics%20and%20Microevolutionary%20Mechanisms/
Summary: Mr. Lima discusses how the modern theory of evolution incorporates research from both genetics and evolution to explain biodiversity
- published: 10 May 2012
- views: 21591
14:33
Do we need a new theory of evolution?
The Guardian recently wrote an article about evolution. How accurate was it?
Here are links to stuff mentioned in the flick:
EYE EVOLUTION
Video: This presen...
The Guardian recently wrote an article about evolution. How accurate was it?
Here are links to stuff mentioned in the flick:
EYE EVOLUTION
Video: This presentation by Professor Dawkins is wonderful if you want a general overview of eye evolution. He does not discuss the origin of light sensing cells, though, for that, see readings below.
https://youtu.be/YT1vXXMsYak
Book: https://www.amazon.ca/Evolutions-Witness-How-Eyes-Evolved/dp/0195369742
Paper on light-receptive cell evolution: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4763119/
Paper on light-receptive protein evolution: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3583139/
WING EVOLUTION
Video: What use is half a wing? https://youtu.be/JMuzlEQz3uo
Video: The Biology of Angels (How did flight actually evolve?) https://youtu.be/bR5_2MomQEo
Video: My talk at OSU: https://youtu.be/AwY8z9L6KbU
THE MODERN SYNTHESIS
Short article on the history and scope of the modern synthesis: https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199941728/obo-9780199941728-0115.xml
EVOLUTIONARY MATHEMATICS
Paper on the Price Equation: https://www.ehudlamm.com/price_eqn.pdf
Primer Animation on Natural Selection: https://youtu.be/0ZGbIKd0XrM
Primer Animation on the evolution of aggression: https://youtu.be/YNMkADpvO4w
PLASTICITY
News article by Nature, highlighting Dr. Emily Standen's work with bichir fish: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2014.15778
Dr Standen's TEDx talk: https://youtu.be/4tdKP-_I1uQ
Dr Standen's Lecture: https://youtu.be/6C6QjaBNvVI
CORRECTIONS
1. Dr. Standen's research did not actually measure lung size changes. The claim that fish raised on land have larger lungs was either invented by the Guardian, or was published by a different research group. That said, I have not been able to find the claim published anywhere aside from the Guardian article.
2. Dr. Standen's research was funded by Canada's Science Foundation (NSERC), not the US Science Foundation (NSF).
https://wn.com/Do_We_Need_A_New_Theory_Of_Evolution
The Guardian recently wrote an article about evolution. How accurate was it?
Here are links to stuff mentioned in the flick:
EYE EVOLUTION
Video: This presentation by Professor Dawkins is wonderful if you want a general overview of eye evolution. He does not discuss the origin of light sensing cells, though, for that, see readings below.
https://youtu.be/YT1vXXMsYak
Book: https://www.amazon.ca/Evolutions-Witness-How-Eyes-Evolved/dp/0195369742
Paper on light-receptive cell evolution: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4763119/
Paper on light-receptive protein evolution: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3583139/
WING EVOLUTION
Video: What use is half a wing? https://youtu.be/JMuzlEQz3uo
Video: The Biology of Angels (How did flight actually evolve?) https://youtu.be/bR5_2MomQEo
Video: My talk at OSU: https://youtu.be/AwY8z9L6KbU
THE MODERN SYNTHESIS
Short article on the history and scope of the modern synthesis: https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199941728/obo-9780199941728-0115.xml
EVOLUTIONARY MATHEMATICS
Paper on the Price Equation: https://www.ehudlamm.com/price_eqn.pdf
Primer Animation on Natural Selection: https://youtu.be/0ZGbIKd0XrM
Primer Animation on the evolution of aggression: https://youtu.be/YNMkADpvO4w
PLASTICITY
News article by Nature, highlighting Dr. Emily Standen's work with bichir fish: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2014.15778
Dr Standen's TEDx talk: https://youtu.be/4tdKP-_I1uQ
Dr Standen's Lecture: https://youtu.be/6C6QjaBNvVI
CORRECTIONS
1. Dr. Standen's research did not actually measure lung size changes. The claim that fish raised on land have larger lungs was either invented by the Guardian, or was published by a different research group. That said, I have not been able to find the claim published anywhere aside from the Guardian article.
2. Dr. Standen's research was funded by Canada's Science Foundation (NSERC), not the US Science Foundation (NSF).
- published: 08 Jul 2022
- views: 18746
23:08
The Modern Synthesis
Learn how the Modern Synthesis combines Darwin's theory of Evolution by Natural Selection with our understanding of genetics into a cohesive theory. Also, learn...
Learn how the Modern Synthesis combines Darwin's theory of Evolution by Natural Selection with our understanding of genetics into a cohesive theory. Also, learn about the scientists who helped create the modern synthesis with pop culture references mixed in
https://wn.com/The_Modern_Synthesis
Learn how the Modern Synthesis combines Darwin's theory of Evolution by Natural Selection with our understanding of genetics into a cohesive theory. Also, learn about the scientists who helped create the modern synthesis with pop culture references mixed in
- published: 04 Jun 2021
- views: 462
13:33
The extended evolutionary synthesis
I introduce some key ideas from the extended evolutionary synthesis.
I introduce some key ideas from the extended evolutionary synthesis.
https://wn.com/The_Extended_Evolutionary_Synthesis
I introduce some key ideas from the extended evolutionary synthesis.
- published: 17 Jul 2020
- views: 1227
30:00
Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution/Neo-Darwinism
Neo-Darwinism is the term popularly used, even today, for the synthesis between Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and the assumption that the va...
Neo-Darwinism is the term popularly used, even today, for the synthesis between Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and the assumption that the variations on which selection acts are produced solely or primarily by gene mutations, though the term Modern Synthesis is more correct since Romanes coined the term neo-Darwinism before Mendel's work on genetics was rediscovered. The Modern Synthesis adds discrete (Mendelian) inheritance to neo-Darwinism.
https://wn.com/Modern_Synthetic_Theory_Of_Evolution_Neo_Darwinism
Neo-Darwinism is the term popularly used, even today, for the synthesis between Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and the assumption that the variations on which selection acts are produced solely or primarily by gene mutations, though the term Modern Synthesis is more correct since Romanes coined the term neo-Darwinism before Mendel's work on genetics was rediscovered. The Modern Synthesis adds discrete (Mendelian) inheritance to neo-Darwinism.
- published: 21 Nov 2020
- views: 21651
6:51
The modern synthesis
The modern synthesis, Integrating genetics and evolution part 1
Darwin’s and Mendel’s theories were originally thought to be in conflict. Let’s talk about how ...
The modern synthesis, Integrating genetics and evolution part 1
Darwin’s and Mendel’s theories were originally thought to be in conflict. Let’s talk about how they were finally reconciled into the theory of evolution.
To learn more about Professor Laura go to www.lauracmatthews.com
https://wn.com/The_Modern_Synthesis
The modern synthesis, Integrating genetics and evolution part 1
Darwin’s and Mendel’s theories were originally thought to be in conflict. Let’s talk about how they were finally reconciled into the theory of evolution.
To learn more about Professor Laura go to www.lauracmatthews.com
- published: 07 Oct 2020
- views: 1292
4:43
Evolutionary Biology - Modern Evolutionary Theory, Evolutionary Synthesis, Neo-Darwinian Theory
--------------------
©EXCEL_SCIENCE
www.YouTube.com/@EXCEL_SCIENCE
--------------------
Evolutionary Biology - Modern Evolutionary Theory
--------------------
M...
--------------------
©EXCEL_SCIENCE
www.YouTube.com/@EXCEL_SCIENCE
--------------------
Evolutionary Biology - Modern Evolutionary Theory
--------------------
Modern evolutionary theory has its foundation in the Evolutionary Synthesis or Modern Synthesis that is formulated on the basis of contributions from Genetics, Systematics and Palaeontology. It was named Neo-Darwinian Theory.
The modern synthetic theory of evolution has evolved during the last century through accumulation of facts and theoretical conclusions from a number of scientists. Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) in his book 'Genetics and the Origin of Species' emphasised the role of genetic changes in natural populations of Drosophila in the process of evolution.
Julian Huxley (1924) and Ernst Mayr (1942-43) have explained the mechanism of origin of variations in higher animals and Stebbins in higher plants. Clevland, Blackeslee, Renner and others have shown that a combination of gross chromosomal aberrations, rare combinations in balanced lethal systems and obligate self-fertilisation are important factors for variation and evolution. Rensch (1960) has suggested that the forces operating for the origin of species also operate for the evolution of genera, families and other higher categories.
At present the synthetic theory of evolution recognises five basic processes, namely:
- gene mutations,
- changes in chromosome number,
- genetic recombination,
- natural selection and
- reproductive isolation.
The three accessory processes also contribute to the evolutionary phenomenon.
These are :
- migration,
- hybridisation and
- chance in small populations.
At the same time, when evolutionists were busy to seek plausible explanation for evolution, some scientists were trying to accumulate facts about evolutionary process. The evidences are from morphology, physiology, taxonomy and embryology of living forms and the palaeontology (the fossils of previously existing forms). The recent techniques have been helpful in demonstrating the evolution taking place in the laboratory within short periods of only a few years. If organisms with very short life cycles, such as fruit fly or bacteria are reared for several generations in laboratory, new kinds of indivi duals are observed in the progeny. Initially, these individuals differ slightly from their parents, but as they increase in number, differences keep on accumulating and a stage is reached when these become so markedly different from their parents that they fail to interbreed with their parents and thus form a new species.
- Evolution at Different Scales
Biological evolution encompasses changes of vastly different scales:
1. Small-scale Evolution: It includes changes in the frequency of genes in a population from one generation to the next. This is called microevolution. It happens on a small scale and includes changes within a single population. Change in the frequency of gene for dark wings in beetles from one generation to the next is an example of microevolution.
2. Large-scale Evolution: It includes the descent of different species from a common ancestor over many generations. It is called macroevolution. It operates above species level and leads to the evolution of lineages. Evolution and radiation of dinosaur lineages, evolution of horse and evolution of man are examples of macroevolution.
Thank you!
[ CSIR NET, GATE, NEET, UPSC, CGPSC, PCS Exams, Life Science, Biology, Evolution ]
--------------------
Educational Content. Any image(s) are for representation purpose only.
--------------------
©EXCEL_SCIENCE
m.YouTube.com/@EXCEL_SCIENCE
--------------------
https://wn.com/Evolutionary_Biology_Modern_Evolutionary_Theory,_Evolutionary_Synthesis,_Neo_Darwinian_Theory
--------------------
©EXCEL_SCIENCE
www.YouTube.com/@EXCEL_SCIENCE
--------------------
Evolutionary Biology - Modern Evolutionary Theory
--------------------
Modern evolutionary theory has its foundation in the Evolutionary Synthesis or Modern Synthesis that is formulated on the basis of contributions from Genetics, Systematics and Palaeontology. It was named Neo-Darwinian Theory.
The modern synthetic theory of evolution has evolved during the last century through accumulation of facts and theoretical conclusions from a number of scientists. Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) in his book 'Genetics and the Origin of Species' emphasised the role of genetic changes in natural populations of Drosophila in the process of evolution.
Julian Huxley (1924) and Ernst Mayr (1942-43) have explained the mechanism of origin of variations in higher animals and Stebbins in higher plants. Clevland, Blackeslee, Renner and others have shown that a combination of gross chromosomal aberrations, rare combinations in balanced lethal systems and obligate self-fertilisation are important factors for variation and evolution. Rensch (1960) has suggested that the forces operating for the origin of species also operate for the evolution of genera, families and other higher categories.
At present the synthetic theory of evolution recognises five basic processes, namely:
- gene mutations,
- changes in chromosome number,
- genetic recombination,
- natural selection and
- reproductive isolation.
The three accessory processes also contribute to the evolutionary phenomenon.
These are :
- migration,
- hybridisation and
- chance in small populations.
At the same time, when evolutionists were busy to seek plausible explanation for evolution, some scientists were trying to accumulate facts about evolutionary process. The evidences are from morphology, physiology, taxonomy and embryology of living forms and the palaeontology (the fossils of previously existing forms). The recent techniques have been helpful in demonstrating the evolution taking place in the laboratory within short periods of only a few years. If organisms with very short life cycles, such as fruit fly or bacteria are reared for several generations in laboratory, new kinds of indivi duals are observed in the progeny. Initially, these individuals differ slightly from their parents, but as they increase in number, differences keep on accumulating and a stage is reached when these become so markedly different from their parents that they fail to interbreed with their parents and thus form a new species.
- Evolution at Different Scales
Biological evolution encompasses changes of vastly different scales:
1. Small-scale Evolution: It includes changes in the frequency of genes in a population from one generation to the next. This is called microevolution. It happens on a small scale and includes changes within a single population. Change in the frequency of gene for dark wings in beetles from one generation to the next is an example of microevolution.
2. Large-scale Evolution: It includes the descent of different species from a common ancestor over many generations. It is called macroevolution. It operates above species level and leads to the evolution of lineages. Evolution and radiation of dinosaur lineages, evolution of horse and evolution of man are examples of macroevolution.
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- published: 28 Feb 2023
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