Microsoft Video 1 or MS-CRAM is an early lossy video compression and decompression algorithm (codec) that was released with version 1.0 of Microsoft'sVideo for Windows in November 1992. It is based on MotiVE, a vector quantization codec which Microsoft licensed from Media Vision. In 1993, Media Vision marketed the Pro Movie Spectrum, an ISA board that captured video in both raw and MSV1 formats (the MSV1 processing was done in hardware on the board).
Compression algorithm
Microsoft Video 1 operates either in a 8-bitpalettized color space or in a 15-bit RGB color space. Each frame is split into 4×4 pixel blocks. Each 4×4 pixel block can be coded in one of three modes: skip, 2-color or 8-color. In skip mode, the content from the previous frame is copied to the current frame in a conditional replenishment fashion. In 2-color mode, two colors per 4×4 block are transmitted, and 1 bit per pixel is used to select between the two colors. In 8-color mode, the same scheme applies with 2 colors per 2×2 block. This can be interpreted as a 2-color palette which is locally adapted on either a 4×4 block basis or a 2×2 block basis. Interpreted as vector quantization, vectors with components red, green, and blue are quantized using a forward adaptive codebook with two entries.
Pascal, named in honor of the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal, was developed by Niklaus Wirth.
Before his work on Pascal, Wirth had developed Euler and ALGOL W and later went on to develop the Pascal-like languages Modula-2 and Oberon.
Initially, Pascal was largely, but not exclusively, intended to teach students structured programming. A generation of students used Pascal as an introductory language in undergraduate courses. Variants of Pascal have also frequently been used for everything from research projects to PC games and embedded systems. Newer Pascal compilers exist which are widely used.
A Publicly Available Specification or PAS is a standardization document that closely resembles a formal standard in structure and format but which has a different development model. The objective of a Publicly Available Specification is to speed up standardization. PASs are often produced in response to an urgent market need.
BSI Group pioneered the PAS format. Under the BSI model, any organization, association or group who wish to document standardized best practice on a specific subject, can commission a PAS, subject to the BSI acceptance process.The main difference is in the area of consensus. A British Standard must reach full consensus between all stakeholders on technical content, whilst a PAS invites comments from any interested party but does not necessarily incorporate them. This means that the timescale for the development of a PAS can be shorter, typically around 8 months, and is why it is sometimes referred to as a 'fast-track standard'.
A referee is the person of authority in a variety of sports who is responsible for presiding over the game from a neutral point of view and making on-the-fly decisions that enforce the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection. The official tasked with this job may be known, in addition to referee, by a variety of other titles as well (often depending on the sport), including umpire, judge, arbiter, arbitrator, linesman, commissaire, timekeeper, touch judge or Technical Official (by the International Olympic Committee).
Origin
The term referee originated in association football. Originally the team captains would consult with each other in order to resolve any dispute on the pitch. Eventually this role was delegated to an umpire. Each team would bring their own partisan umpire allowing the team captains to concentrate on the game. Later, the referee, a third "neutral" official was added, this referee would be "referred to" if the umpires could not resolve a dispute. The referee did not take his place on the pitch until 1891, when the umpires became linesmen (now assistant referees). Today, in many amateur football matches, each side will still supply their own partisan assistant referees (still commonly called club linesmen) to assist the neutral referee appointed by the governing football association if one or both assistant referees are not provided. In this case, the role of the linesmen is limited to indicating out of play and cannot decide off side.
The song was thought of by Sermon after buying a copy of Gaye's Midnight Love and the Sexual Healing Sessions album, which overlook some of the original album's earlier mixes. After listening to an outtake of Gaye's 1982 album track, "Turn On Some Music" (titled "I've Got My Music" in its initial version), Sermon decided to mix the vocals (done in a cappella) and add it into his own song. The result was similar to Natalie Cole's interpolation of her father, jazz great Nat "King" Cole's hit, "Unforgettable" revisioned as a duet. The hip hop and soul duet featuring the two veteran performers was released as the leading song of the soundtrack to the Martin Lawrence & Danny DeVito comedy, "What's the Worst That Could Happen?" The song became a runaway success rising to #2 on Billboard's R&B chart and was #1 on the rap charts. It also registered at #21 pop giving Sermon his highest-charted single on the pop charts as a solo artist and giving Gaye his first posthumous hit in 10 years following 1991's R&B-charted single, "My Last Chance" also bringing Gaye his 41st top 40 pop hit. There is also a version that's played on Adult R&B stations that removes Erick Sermon's rap verses. The song was featured in the 2011 Matthew McConaughey film The Lincoln Lawyer.
With one day to go, the Romney campaign sets up election night headquarters in Boston.
*More: http://WNNfans.com
published: 05 Nov 2012
Election 2012: Mitt Romney Campaign Behind the Scenes
David Muir takes you inside the campaign of the Republican presidential candidate.
published: 06 Nov 2012
Mitt Romney Returns Home
ABC News' David Muir discusses where the Republican Party goes from here.
published: 08 Nov 2012
2012 Presidential Election: Mitt Romney's, President Obama's Campaign Event Strategy
Jake Tapper looks at the candidates' final events to come right before the election.
published: 25 Oct 2012
Romney Launches 2012 Presidential Campaign
For more: http://to.pbs.org/kCBaQ2
In a speech in Stratham, New Hampshire Thursday former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney said President Obama has "failed America" and pledged economic reforms to "bring this country back." Romney is widely considered the frontrunner for the Republican nomination.
published: 02 Jun 2011
Barack Obama, Mitt Romney: Women's Votes in 2012 Election
Both the president and Mitt Romney campaigned hard for the support of female voters.
published: 06 Nov 2012
2012 Presidential Election: Romney, Obama's Final Campaign Moments
Jake Tapper, David Muir, Matt Dowd have the latest from the campaign trail.
published: 03 Nov 2012
Mitt Romney Comments on President Obama's Win in 2012 Election
David Muir has the latest on the GOP candidate's failed bid for the White House.
published: 15 Nov 2012
A Loss That Stunned a Confident Campaign
A look at how Mitt and Ann Romney ended their most painful week in politics.
David Muir follows the GOP candidate's final push to become the next president.
For more on this story, click here: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/election-day-obama-works-romney-works-crowd/story?id=17651259
published: 07 Nov 2012
Mitt Romney Video: Campaign Does Damage Control
Hidden camera captures GOP presidential candidate's "off the cuff" remarks. For more: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/mitt-romneys-47-percent-pay-income-taxes/story?id=17263629
published: 19 Sep 2012
2012 Presidential Election Betweeen Barack Obama, Mitt Romney: Obama Expects a Long Night
Jake Tapper tracks the latest from the president's campaign headquarters.
For more on this story, click here: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/african-americans-voting-jubilance-loyalty-election-2012/story?id=17655594
published: 07 Nov 2012
Mitt Romney Spends Final Campaign Hours in Ohio
ABC News' David Muir on Governor Romney's strategy for the last day before the election.
published: 06 Nov 2012
2012 Election Debates: President Obama, Mitt Romney Countdown to Confrontation
Mixed messages as both candidates try to lower expectations.
For more: http://to.pbs.org/kCBaQ2
In a speech in Stratham, New Hampshire Thursday former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney said President Obama has "failed...
For more: http://to.pbs.org/kCBaQ2
In a speech in Stratham, New Hampshire Thursday former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney said President Obama has "failed America" and pledged economic reforms to "bring this country back." Romney is widely considered the frontrunner for the Republican nomination.
For more: http://to.pbs.org/kCBaQ2
In a speech in Stratham, New Hampshire Thursday former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney said President Obama has "failed America" and pledged economic reforms to "bring this country back." Romney is widely considered the frontrunner for the Republican nomination.
David Muir follows the GOP candidate's final push to become the next president.
For more on this story, click here: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/electio...
David Muir follows the GOP candidate's final push to become the next president.
For more on this story, click here: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/election-day-obama-works-romney-works-crowd/story?id=17651259
David Muir follows the GOP candidate's final push to become the next president.
For more on this story, click here: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/election-day-obama-works-romney-works-crowd/story?id=17651259
Hidden camera captures GOP presidential candidate's "off the cuff" remarks. For more: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/mitt-romneys-47-percent-pay-income-tax...
Hidden camera captures GOP presidential candidate's "off the cuff" remarks. For more: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/mitt-romneys-47-percent-pay-income-taxes/story?id=17263629
Hidden camera captures GOP presidential candidate's "off the cuff" remarks. For more: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/mitt-romneys-47-percent-pay-income-taxes/story?id=17263629
Jake Tapper tracks the latest from the president's campaign headquarters.
For more on this story, click here: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/african-ameri...
Jake Tapper tracks the latest from the president's campaign headquarters.
For more on this story, click here: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/african-americans-voting-jubilance-loyalty-election-2012/story?id=17655594
Jake Tapper tracks the latest from the president's campaign headquarters.
For more on this story, click here: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/african-americans-voting-jubilance-loyalty-election-2012/story?id=17655594
For more: http://to.pbs.org/kCBaQ2
In a speech in Stratham, New Hampshire Thursday former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney said President Obama has "failed America" and pledged economic reforms to "bring this country back." Romney is widely considered the frontrunner for the Republican nomination.
David Muir follows the GOP candidate's final push to become the next president.
For more on this story, click here: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/election-day-obama-works-romney-works-crowd/story?id=17651259
Hidden camera captures GOP presidential candidate's "off the cuff" remarks. For more: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/mitt-romneys-47-percent-pay-income-taxes/story?id=17263629
Jake Tapper tracks the latest from the president's campaign headquarters.
For more on this story, click here: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/african-americans-voting-jubilance-loyalty-election-2012/story?id=17655594