- published: 09 Aug 2018
- views: 329292
Stellar classification
In astronomy, stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. Electromagnetic radiation from the star is analyzed by splitting it with a prism or diffraction grating into a spectrum exhibiting the rainbow of colors interspersed with absorption lines. Each line indicates an ion of a certain chemical element, with the line strength indicating the abundance of that ion. The relative abundance of the different ions varies with the temperature of the photosphere. The spectral class of a star is a short code summarizing the ionization state, giving an objective measure of the photosphere's temperature and density.
Most stars are currently classified under the Morgan–Keenan (MK) system using the letters O, B, A, F, G, K, and M, a sequence from the hottest (O type) to the coolest (M type). Each letter class is then subdivided using a numeric digit with 0 being hottest and 9 being coolest (e.g. A8, A9, F0, F1 form a sequence from hotter to cooler). The sequence has been expanded with classes for other stars and star-like objects that do not fit in the classical system, such as class D for white dwarfs and class C for carbon stars.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Stellar_classification
Podcasts:
-
Classification of Stars: Spectral Analysis and the H-R Diagram
So we have made it through the dark ages, and are now a few hundred million years into the lifetime of the universe. There are plenty of stars all over the place, but are they all the same? How can we classify stars? Let's go through the basics of the Harvard System, and then take a look at something called a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Watch the whole Astronomy/Astrophysics playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveAstronomy Classical Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics1 Modern Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics2 Mathematics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMaths General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem Biology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/Prof...
published: 09 Aug 2018 -
Stellar Classification: Types Of Stars!
We have all heard about the stars and witnessed there beauty in the night sky since our childhood. But Have you ever heard about Stellar Classification of Stars? If your answer is no, then you have landed at the right place because this video will touch the bottom of the topic. Before going too deep first, let us understand what exactly we mean by Stellar Classification of Stars! In astronomy, Stellar Classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics i.e. relation between wavelength and some other variables. Stellar classification, scheme for assigning stars to types according to their temperatures as estimated from their spectra. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subscribe for more videos:https:/...
published: 07 Aug 2020 -
The Night Sky: Stellar Classification
A brief overview of how stars are classified, in particular looking at the Morgan-Keenan method, using the Sun as an example.
published: 01 Oct 2013 -
Understanding Stellar Classification: Types of Stars - Polymath Library
Discover the exciting world of Stellar Classification in this informative video! Learn about the different types of stars, the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, spectral lines, and the spectral classification system. Explore the unique characteristics and properties of stars and understand how astronomers categorize them based on their luminosity, temperature, and chemical composition. With clear explanations and captivating visuals, this video will take you on a journey through the universe and deepen your knowledge of astronomy.
published: 03 Feb 2023 -
Stars: Crash Course Astronomy #26
Today Phil’s explaining the stars and how they can be categorized using their spectra. Together with their distance, this provides a wealth of information about them including their luminosity, size, and temperature. The HR diagram plots stars’ luminosity versus temperature and most stars fall along the main sequence, where they live most of their lives. Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster -- Chapters: Introduction: Stars 00:00 Stellar Spectra 1:07 Star Classifications 3:03 Why Are There No Green Stars? 4:00 Luminosity Depends on Size and Temperature 5:27 The HR Diagram 6:33 Main Sequence Stars 7:27 Other Stars on the HR Diagram 8:17 Review 9:50 -- PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitals...
published: 23 Jul 2015 -
Stars 101 | National Geographic
Countless stars dot the night sky. Learn how these celestial objects form, how they are classified by brightness and temperature, and what happens when they die. ➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe #NationalGeographic #Stars #Educational About National Geographic: National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible. Get More National Geographic: Official Site: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta Read more in "Everything you wanted to know about stars" https://on.natg...
published: 26 Apr 2019 -
Stellar Classification 101: Types of Stars and the History of Their Classification - FreeSchool 101
https://patreon.com/freeschool - Help support more content like this! New from FreeSchool! FreeSchool 101 videos are for older viewers, with deeper information and more complex verbiage. In this video we explore the development of spectroscopy and stellar classification and various tools used in ii like the Harvard System and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. Subscribe to FreeSchool: https://www.youtube.com/user/watchfreeschool Visit us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/watchFreeSchool Or check out our website for more content: http://www.freeschoolpublishing.com
published: 18 Feb 2021 -
Star Classification - Sixty Symbols
The Sun is designated as a "G2V" star. What does that mean? Featuring Michael Merrifield, Amanda Bauer and Chris Conselise. Classifying stars - it's the first step we need to start our understanding of stars. Why do we give the star types such weird letters to classify them? Spectroscopic sequence helped analyse the different types in the late 1800's. Featuring the Harvard "computer", Annie Jump Cannon, one of the first woman astronomers, and who came up with the basic classification we use today after simplifying previous classifications. Visit our website at http://www.sixtysymbols.com/ We're on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/sixtysymbols And Twitter at http://twitter.com/sixtysymbols This project features scientists from The University of Nottingham http://bit.ly/NottsPhysics P...
published: 12 Oct 2010 -
Stellar Classification: What We Can Learn From Stars
Business Enquiries ► [email protected] - - This video deals with stellar classification. Before going into the merits, however, it is good to say something about spectroscopy, as it is the basis of the same stellar classification. Spectroscopy is a very powerful method of investigation of the structure of matter which is based on the analysis of the decomposition of the light emitted by it into its fundamental wavelengths. - - Subscribe for more videos ►https://www.youtube.com/c/InsaneCuriosity?sub_confirmation=1? Business Enquiries ► [email protected] - - It is, on the analysis of the electromagnetic spectrum. In astrophysics it is essential to obtain information on the chemical composition and physical conditions of stars. But what is the electromagnetic...
published: 14 Oct 2021 -
Stellar Classification - 8a - Intro to Astronomy Sessions
How astronomers can use the strengths of different spectral lines in the light from a star to determine the spectral type/temperature, without being affected by the phenomena of interstellar reddening. You can access data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey here: https://skyserver.sdss.org Full Series Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQzpF6G7qUZATmrabrBhIDX_33jfCeHBR Please note that this was designed as an introductory survey of astronomy course, mostly for non-science majors, and does simplify many of the topics accordingly. I encourage people who are just getting into astronomy to use this as a jumping off point for more in depth studies. I've tried to edit out specific references to my course (regarding assignments, tests, etc.) but I might have missed some. Finall...
published: 03 Jul 2023
developed with YouTube
7:05
Classification of Stars: Spectral Analysis and the H-R Diagram
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:05
- Uploaded Date: 09 Aug 2018
- views: 329292
So we have made it through the dark ages, and are now a few hundred million years into the lifetime of the universe. There are plenty of stars all over the plac...
So we have made it through the dark ages, and are now a few hundred million years into the lifetime of the universe. There are plenty of stars all over the place, but are they all the same? How can we classify stars? Let's go through the basics of the Harvard System, and then take a look at something called a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Watch the whole Astronomy/Astrophysics playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveAstronomy
Classical Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics1
Modern Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics2
Mathematics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMaths
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
Biology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
EMAIL► [email protected]
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Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
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Book Depository: http://bit.ly/3aOVDlT
https://wn.com/Classification_Of_Stars_Spectral_Analysis_And_The_H_R_Diagram
So we have made it through the dark ages, and are now a few hundred million years into the lifetime of the universe. There are plenty of stars all over the place, but are they all the same? How can we classify stars? Let's go through the basics of the Harvard System, and then take a look at something called a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Watch the whole Astronomy/Astrophysics playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveAstronomy
Classical Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics1
Modern Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics2
Mathematics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMaths
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
Biology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
EMAIL► [email protected]
PATREON► http://patreon.com/ProfessorDaveExplains
Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2HtNpVH
Bookshop: https://bit.ly/39cKADM
Barnes and Noble: https://bit.ly/3pUjmrn
Book Depository: http://bit.ly/3aOVDlT
13:43
Stellar Classification: Types Of Stars!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:43
- Uploaded Date: 07 Aug 2020
- views: 133051
We have all heard about the stars and witnessed there beauty in the night sky since our childhood. But Have you ever heard about Stellar Classification of Stars...
We have all heard about the stars and witnessed there beauty in the night sky since our childhood. But Have you ever heard about Stellar Classification of Stars? If your answer is no, then you have landed at the right place because this video will touch the bottom of the topic. Before going too deep first, let us understand what exactly we mean by Stellar Classification of Stars! In astronomy, Stellar Classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics i.e. relation between wavelength and some other variables. Stellar classification, scheme for assigning stars to types according to their temperatures as estimated from their spectra.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subscribe for more videos:https://www.youtube.com/c/InsaneCuriosity?sub_confirmation=1?
Business Enquiries: [email protected]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For most of its active life, a star shines due to thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium in its core, releasing energy that traverses the star's interior and then radiates into outer space . A star's life begins with the gravitational collapse of a gaseous nebula of material composed primarily of hydrogen, along with helium and trace amounts of heavier elements. When the stellar core is sufficiently dense, hydrogen becomes steadily converted into helium through nuclear fusion, releasing energy in the process. According to the latest data, the observable universe contains 1×1024 stars. The nearest one to our planet is our Sun. Scientists have studied stars for quiet a time now and divided them on them on the basis of their age and temperature. We will discuss one such classification today, which is the stellar classification of stars. Stars are classified by their spectra (the elements that they absorb) and their temperature. There are seven main types of stars. In order of decreasing temperature, O, B, A, F, G, K, and M. We all see the stars twinkling but have you ever wondered how do stars twinkle? To answer this, let us go back to our school days where we were taught refraction of lights. Twinkling of stars is caused by the passing of light through different layers of a tempestuous atmosphere. But in real the stars don't twinkle, they only appear as such because of the interaction between our eyes, stars and Earth's atmosphere. The formation of a star is not a quick process, it takes around a million of years to form a star from an accumulation of gas and dust which collapses due to gravity in its nebulae. Our universe has nebulas, in which new stars are being formed all the time. Though we haven’t observed much of these stars present in our infinite universe but those which are observed give a very good idea of their composition and properties.
Now let us go back to the base of the topic Stellar Classification. It is a scheme assigning stars their type on the basis of their temperatures as calculated from their spectra. The classification of temperature is done on the basis of Wien's Law regarding black body radiation. The universally accepted system of stellar classification is a combination of two schemes, the Harvard system, which is based on the star's surface temperature, and the MK i.e. Morgan Keenan system, which is based on the stars luminosity. The MK also called Yerkes system, is the work of the American astronomers W.W. Morgan, P.C. Keenan, and few others. It is based on two sets of parameters-a refined version of the Harvard O-M scale, and a luminosity scale of grades I-for super-giants, II-bright giants, III-normal giants, IV-sub-giants, and V-main sequence, or dwarf, stars; further specifications may be used, such as a grade Ia for bright super-giants and grades VI and VII for sub-dwarfs and white dwarfs, respectively. In the Harvard system the stars are classified on as the hottest to coolest using letters such as O, B, A, F, G, K, M where O is the hottest(25,000 K) and blue in colour and M is the coolest (3,500 K) star which is red in colour. The letters are further subdivided from hot to cool. An adapted and famous mnemonic for memorising this sequence of stellar classification is “Oh Be A Fine Girl/Guy, Kiss Me”. The hotter stars are sometimes referred to as early and the cooler as late. With the discovery of brown dwarfs, objects that form like stars but do not shine through thermonuclear fusion, the system of stellar classification has been expanded to include spectral types L, T, and Y.
Now let's us know about the classification in details.
Credits: Nasa
Video Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
01:40 Stellar Classification of Stars
01:50 Main Types of Stars
02:55 Stellar Classification
03:11 Accepted System of Stellar Classification
06:27 Albe Association
07:59 Type F
08:48 G Type Stars
11:42 Extended Spectral Types
#InsaneCuriosity #TypesOfStar #StellarClassification
https://wn.com/Stellar_Classification_Types_Of_Stars
We have all heard about the stars and witnessed there beauty in the night sky since our childhood. But Have you ever heard about Stellar Classification of Stars? If your answer is no, then you have landed at the right place because this video will touch the bottom of the topic. Before going too deep first, let us understand what exactly we mean by Stellar Classification of Stars! In astronomy, Stellar Classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics i.e. relation between wavelength and some other variables. Stellar classification, scheme for assigning stars to types according to their temperatures as estimated from their spectra.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subscribe for more videos:https://www.youtube.com/c/InsaneCuriosity?sub_confirmation=1?
Business Enquiries: [email protected]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For most of its active life, a star shines due to thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium in its core, releasing energy that traverses the star's interior and then radiates into outer space . A star's life begins with the gravitational collapse of a gaseous nebula of material composed primarily of hydrogen, along with helium and trace amounts of heavier elements. When the stellar core is sufficiently dense, hydrogen becomes steadily converted into helium through nuclear fusion, releasing energy in the process. According to the latest data, the observable universe contains 1×1024 stars. The nearest one to our planet is our Sun. Scientists have studied stars for quiet a time now and divided them on them on the basis of their age and temperature. We will discuss one such classification today, which is the stellar classification of stars. Stars are classified by their spectra (the elements that they absorb) and their temperature. There are seven main types of stars. In order of decreasing temperature, O, B, A, F, G, K, and M. We all see the stars twinkling but have you ever wondered how do stars twinkle? To answer this, let us go back to our school days where we were taught refraction of lights. Twinkling of stars is caused by the passing of light through different layers of a tempestuous atmosphere. But in real the stars don't twinkle, they only appear as such because of the interaction between our eyes, stars and Earth's atmosphere. The formation of a star is not a quick process, it takes around a million of years to form a star from an accumulation of gas and dust which collapses due to gravity in its nebulae. Our universe has nebulas, in which new stars are being formed all the time. Though we haven’t observed much of these stars present in our infinite universe but those which are observed give a very good idea of their composition and properties.
Now let us go back to the base of the topic Stellar Classification. It is a scheme assigning stars their type on the basis of their temperatures as calculated from their spectra. The classification of temperature is done on the basis of Wien's Law regarding black body radiation. The universally accepted system of stellar classification is a combination of two schemes, the Harvard system, which is based on the star's surface temperature, and the MK i.e. Morgan Keenan system, which is based on the stars luminosity. The MK also called Yerkes system, is the work of the American astronomers W.W. Morgan, P.C. Keenan, and few others. It is based on two sets of parameters-a refined version of the Harvard O-M scale, and a luminosity scale of grades I-for super-giants, II-bright giants, III-normal giants, IV-sub-giants, and V-main sequence, or dwarf, stars; further specifications may be used, such as a grade Ia for bright super-giants and grades VI and VII for sub-dwarfs and white dwarfs, respectively. In the Harvard system the stars are classified on as the hottest to coolest using letters such as O, B, A, F, G, K, M where O is the hottest(25,000 K) and blue in colour and M is the coolest (3,500 K) star which is red in colour. The letters are further subdivided from hot to cool. An adapted and famous mnemonic for memorising this sequence of stellar classification is “Oh Be A Fine Girl/Guy, Kiss Me”. The hotter stars are sometimes referred to as early and the cooler as late. With the discovery of brown dwarfs, objects that form like stars but do not shine through thermonuclear fusion, the system of stellar classification has been expanded to include spectral types L, T, and Y.
Now let's us know about the classification in details.
Credits: Nasa
Video Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
01:40 Stellar Classification of Stars
01:50 Main Types of Stars
02:55 Stellar Classification
03:11 Accepted System of Stellar Classification
06:27 Albe Association
07:59 Type F
08:48 G Type Stars
11:42 Extended Spectral Types
#InsaneCuriosity #TypesOfStar #StellarClassification
- published: 07 Aug 2020
- views: 133051
5:14
The Night Sky: Stellar Classification
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Uploaded Date: 01 Oct 2013
- views: 1993
A brief overview of how stars are classified, in particular looking at the Morgan-Keenan method, using the Sun as an example.
A brief overview of how stars are classified, in particular looking at the Morgan-Keenan method, using the Sun as an example.
https://wn.com/The_Night_Sky_Stellar_Classification
A brief overview of how stars are classified, in particular looking at the Morgan-Keenan method, using the Sun as an example.
- published: 01 Oct 2013
- views: 1993
6:52
Understanding Stellar Classification: Types of Stars - Polymath Library
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:52
- Uploaded Date: 03 Feb 2023
- views: 487
Discover the exciting world of Stellar Classification in this informative video! Learn about the different types of stars, the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, spec...
Discover the exciting world of Stellar Classification in this informative video! Learn about the different types of stars, the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, spectral lines, and the spectral classification system. Explore the unique characteristics and properties of stars and understand how astronomers categorize them based on their luminosity, temperature, and chemical composition. With clear explanations and captivating visuals, this video will take you on a journey through the universe and deepen your knowledge of astronomy.
https://wn.com/Understanding_Stellar_Classification_Types_Of_Stars_Polymath_Library
Discover the exciting world of Stellar Classification in this informative video! Learn about the different types of stars, the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, spectral lines, and the spectral classification system. Explore the unique characteristics and properties of stars and understand how astronomers categorize them based on their luminosity, temperature, and chemical composition. With clear explanations and captivating visuals, this video will take you on a journey through the universe and deepen your knowledge of astronomy.
- published: 03 Feb 2023
- views: 487
10:41
Stars: Crash Course Astronomy #26
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:41
- Uploaded Date: 23 Jul 2015
- views: 1991576
Today Phil’s explaining the stars and how they can be categorized using their spectra. Together with their distance, this provides a wealth of information about...
Today Phil’s explaining the stars and how they can be categorized using their spectra. Together with their distance, this provides a wealth of information about them including their luminosity, size, and temperature. The HR diagram plots stars’ luminosity versus temperature and most stars fall along the main sequence, where they live most of their lives.
Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster
--
Chapters:
Introduction: Stars 00:00
Stellar Spectra 1:07
Star Classifications 3:03
Why Are There No Green Stars? 4:00
Luminosity Depends on Size and Temperature 5:27
The HR Diagram 6:33
Main Sequence Stars 7:27
Other Stars on the HR Diagram 8:17
Review 9:50
--
PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
--
PHOTOS/VIDEOS
Stars http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/703724main_potw1244a.jpg [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
Spitzer Spectrum http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA03242 [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Leiden/SRON]
Sun spectrum https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0600.html [credit: N.A.Sharp, NOAO/NSO/Kitt Peak FTS/AURA/NSF]
Annie Jump Cannon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon#/media/File:Annie_Jump_Cannon_1922_Portrait.jpg [credit: New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper]
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecilia_Payne-Gaposchkin#/media/File:Cecilia_Helena_Payne_Gaposchkin_(1900-1979)_(3).jpg [credit: Smithsonian Institution]
OBAFGKM https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0649.html [credit: NOAO/AURA/NSF]
Betelgeuse http://www.eso.org/public/usa/images/eso0927e/ [credit: ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2. Acknowledgment: Davide De Martin]
Sirius https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_468.html [credit: NASA, ESA, H. Bond (STScI) and M. Barstow (University of Leicester)]
Solar AM0 spectrum with visible spectrum background https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_AM0_spectrum_with_visible_spectrum_background_(en).png [credit: Danmichaelo, Wikimedia Commons]
Blue sky http://www.pexels.com/photo/sky-sunny-clouds-cloudy-3768/ [credit: Skitter Photo]
Hawaii sunset photo [credit: Phil Plait]
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ESO_-_Hertzsprung-Russell_Diagram_(by).jpg [credit: ESO]
https://wn.com/Stars_Crash_Course_Astronomy_26
Today Phil’s explaining the stars and how they can be categorized using their spectra. Together with their distance, this provides a wealth of information about them including their luminosity, size, and temperature. The HR diagram plots stars’ luminosity versus temperature and most stars fall along the main sequence, where they live most of their lives.
Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster
--
Chapters:
Introduction: Stars 00:00
Stellar Spectra 1:07
Star Classifications 3:03
Why Are There No Green Stars? 4:00
Luminosity Depends on Size and Temperature 5:27
The HR Diagram 6:33
Main Sequence Stars 7:27
Other Stars on the HR Diagram 8:17
Review 9:50
--
PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
--
PHOTOS/VIDEOS
Stars http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/703724main_potw1244a.jpg [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
Spitzer Spectrum http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA03242 [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Leiden/SRON]
Sun spectrum https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0600.html [credit: N.A.Sharp, NOAO/NSO/Kitt Peak FTS/AURA/NSF]
Annie Jump Cannon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon#/media/File:Annie_Jump_Cannon_1922_Portrait.jpg [credit: New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper]
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecilia_Payne-Gaposchkin#/media/File:Cecilia_Helena_Payne_Gaposchkin_(1900-1979)_(3).jpg [credit: Smithsonian Institution]
OBAFGKM https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0649.html [credit: NOAO/AURA/NSF]
Betelgeuse http://www.eso.org/public/usa/images/eso0927e/ [credit: ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2. Acknowledgment: Davide De Martin]
Sirius https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_468.html [credit: NASA, ESA, H. Bond (STScI) and M. Barstow (University of Leicester)]
Solar AM0 spectrum with visible spectrum background https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_AM0_spectrum_with_visible_spectrum_background_(en).png [credit: Danmichaelo, Wikimedia Commons]
Blue sky http://www.pexels.com/photo/sky-sunny-clouds-cloudy-3768/ [credit: Skitter Photo]
Hawaii sunset photo [credit: Phil Plait]
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ESO_-_Hertzsprung-Russell_Diagram_(by).jpg [credit: ESO]
- published: 23 Jul 2015
- views: 1991576
2:48
Stars 101 | National Geographic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Uploaded Date: 26 Apr 2019
- views: 2787073
Countless stars dot the night sky. Learn how these celestial objects form, how they are classified by brightness and temperature, and what happens when they die...
Countless stars dot the night sky. Learn how these celestial objects form, how they are classified by brightness and temperature, and what happens when they die.
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
#NationalGeographic #Stars #Educational
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
Official Site: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
Read more in "Everything you wanted to know about stars"
https://on.natgeo.com/2W3Zov1
Stars 101 | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/EFO_bsg1sw8
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo
https://wn.com/Stars_101_|_National_Geographic
Countless stars dot the night sky. Learn how these celestial objects form, how they are classified by brightness and temperature, and what happens when they die.
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
#NationalGeographic #Stars #Educational
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
Official Site: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
Read more in "Everything you wanted to know about stars"
https://on.natgeo.com/2W3Zov1
Stars 101 | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/EFO_bsg1sw8
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo
- published: 26 Apr 2019
- views: 2787073
8:55
Stellar Classification 101: Types of Stars and the History of Their Classification - FreeSchool 101
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:55
- Uploaded Date: 18 Feb 2021
- views: 41715
https://patreon.com/freeschool - Help support more content like this!
New from FreeSchool! FreeSchool 101 videos are for older viewers, with deeper informatio...
https://patreon.com/freeschool - Help support more content like this!
New from FreeSchool! FreeSchool 101 videos are for older viewers, with deeper information and more complex verbiage. In this video we explore the development of spectroscopy and stellar classification and various tools used in ii like the Harvard System and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.
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https://wn.com/Stellar_Classification_101_Types_Of_Stars_And_The_History_Of_Their_Classification_Freeschool_101
https://patreon.com/freeschool - Help support more content like this!
New from FreeSchool! FreeSchool 101 videos are for older viewers, with deeper information and more complex verbiage. In this video we explore the development of spectroscopy and stellar classification and various tools used in ii like the Harvard System and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.
Subscribe to FreeSchool: https://www.youtube.com/user/watchfreeschool
Visit us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/watchFreeSchool
Or check out our website for more content: http://www.freeschoolpublishing.com
- published: 18 Feb 2021
- views: 41715
7:57
Star Classification - Sixty Symbols
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:57
- Uploaded Date: 12 Oct 2010
- views: 231169
The Sun is designated as a "G2V" star. What does that mean?
Featuring Michael Merrifield, Amanda Bauer and Chris Conselise.
Classifying stars - it's the first...
The Sun is designated as a "G2V" star. What does that mean?
Featuring Michael Merrifield, Amanda Bauer and Chris Conselise.
Classifying stars - it's the first step we need to start our understanding of stars. Why do we give the star types such weird letters to classify them? Spectroscopic sequence helped analyse the different types in the late 1800's. Featuring the Harvard "computer", Annie Jump Cannon, one of the first woman astronomers, and who came up with the basic classification we use today after simplifying previous classifications.
Visit our website at http://www.sixtysymbols.com/
We're on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/sixtysymbols
And Twitter at http://twitter.com/sixtysymbols
This project features scientists from The University of Nottingham
http://bit.ly/NottsPhysics
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/sixtysymbols
Sixty Symbols videos by Brady Haran
http://www.bradyharanblog.com
Email list: http://eepurl.com/YdjL9
https://wn.com/Star_Classification_Sixty_Symbols
The Sun is designated as a "G2V" star. What does that mean?
Featuring Michael Merrifield, Amanda Bauer and Chris Conselise.
Classifying stars - it's the first step we need to start our understanding of stars. Why do we give the star types such weird letters to classify them? Spectroscopic sequence helped analyse the different types in the late 1800's. Featuring the Harvard "computer", Annie Jump Cannon, one of the first woman astronomers, and who came up with the basic classification we use today after simplifying previous classifications.
Visit our website at http://www.sixtysymbols.com/
We're on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/sixtysymbols
And Twitter at http://twitter.com/sixtysymbols
This project features scientists from The University of Nottingham
http://bit.ly/NottsPhysics
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/sixtysymbols
Sixty Symbols videos by Brady Haran
http://www.bradyharanblog.com
Email list: http://eepurl.com/YdjL9
- published: 12 Oct 2010
- views: 231169
14:35
Stellar Classification: What We Can Learn From Stars
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:35
- Uploaded Date: 14 Oct 2021
- views: 8600
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This video deals with stellar classification. Before going into the merits, however, it is good to ...
Business Enquiries ► [email protected]
- -
This video deals with stellar classification. Before going into the merits, however, it is good to say something about spectroscopy, as it is the basis of the same stellar classification.
Spectroscopy is a very powerful method of investigation of the structure of matter which is based on the analysis of the decomposition of the light emitted by it into its fundamental wavelengths.
- -
Subscribe for more videos ►https://www.youtube.com/c/InsaneCuriosity?sub_confirmation=1?
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- -
It is, on the analysis of the electromagnetic spectrum. In astrophysics it is essential to obtain information on the chemical composition and physical conditions of stars.
But what is the electromagnetic spectrum?
• I - almost continuous spectrum with few lines, the most intense of which are due to hydrogen (0 stars the lines of the Balmer series of hydrogen show their maximum. The K line of ionized calcium grows over the whole class.
• II - spectrum similar to the solar one, characterized, next to lines weaker than hydrogen, by a large quantity of metallic lines (sodium, calcium, iron) and by many other thin ones (yellow or orange stars such as Sun, Capella);
• III - spectrum with many thin lines and also with very wide and shaded lines called "bands", with traces of metals and hydrocarbons (orange or red stars such as Betelgeuse, Antares, Mira Ceti);
• IV - spectrum with bands due to carbon, but without metals.
Here is the scheme:
• O - presence of strong absorption lines due to ionized helium. There are absorption lines of ionized helium and hydrogen. The stars belonging to this class have surface temperatures between 28000 and 35000 kelvins (remember that 0 kelvins correspond to -273.15 ° C).
• B - hydrogen lines grow. The three helium lines are at their maximum intensity in B2, they disappear completely in B9. The lines of ionized silicon, oxygen and magnesium are visible. Surface temperatures range from 10,000 Kelvin to 28,000 Kelvin.
• A - in class A0 the lines of the Balmer series of hydrogen show their maximum. The K line of ionized calcium grows over the whole class. Surface temperatures are between 7500 Kelvin and 10000 Kelvin.
• F - hydrogen lines decrease, ionized calcium lines increase. The first lines of metals appear. Stars of this class have surface temperatures between 6000 Kelvin and 7500 Kelvin.
• G - is the class to which the Sun belongs (G2). The lines of hydrogen are further decreasing. The K line of the stock is strengthened. Present numerous lines of neutral metals. Surface temperatures range from 4900 Kelvin to 6000 Kelvin.
• K - the lines of metals grow while those of hydrogen disappear. Surface temperatures are between 3500 Kelvin and 4900 Kelvin.
• M - corresponding to group III of Secchi. The titanium oxide bands, faded towards red, grow for the whole class. Surface temperatures are less than 3500 Kelvin.
- -
"If You happen to see any content that is yours, and we didn't give credit in the right manner please let us know at [email protected] and we will correct it immediately"
"Some of our visual content is under an Attribution-ShareAlike license. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/) in its different versions such as 1.0, 2.0, 3,0, and 4.0 – permitting commercial sharing with attribution given in each picture accordingly in the video."
Credits: Ron Miller
Credits: Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com
Credits: Nasa/Shutterstock/Storyblocks/Elon Musk/SpaceX/ESA/ESO
Credits: Flickr
00:00 Introduction
00:15 Overview of Stellar Classification
02:00 Main Types of Stars (O, B, A, F, G, K, M)
04:30 Characteristics and Properties of Each Type
07:00 How Stars are Classified (Spectral Analysis)
09:30 Importance of Stellar Classification in Astronomy
11:00 Recent Discoveries and Research in Stellar Classification
13:00 Conclusion and Future Directions
#insanecuriosity #classification #stars
https://wn.com/Stellar_Classification_What_We_Can_Learn_From_Stars
Business Enquiries ► [email protected]
- -
This video deals with stellar classification. Before going into the merits, however, it is good to say something about spectroscopy, as it is the basis of the same stellar classification.
Spectroscopy is a very powerful method of investigation of the structure of matter which is based on the analysis of the decomposition of the light emitted by it into its fundamental wavelengths.
- -
Subscribe for more videos ►https://www.youtube.com/c/InsaneCuriosity?sub_confirmation=1?
Business Enquiries ► [email protected]
- -
It is, on the analysis of the electromagnetic spectrum. In astrophysics it is essential to obtain information on the chemical composition and physical conditions of stars.
But what is the electromagnetic spectrum?
• I - almost continuous spectrum with few lines, the most intense of which are due to hydrogen (0 stars the lines of the Balmer series of hydrogen show their maximum. The K line of ionized calcium grows over the whole class.
• II - spectrum similar to the solar one, characterized, next to lines weaker than hydrogen, by a large quantity of metallic lines (sodium, calcium, iron) and by many other thin ones (yellow or orange stars such as Sun, Capella);
• III - spectrum with many thin lines and also with very wide and shaded lines called "bands", with traces of metals and hydrocarbons (orange or red stars such as Betelgeuse, Antares, Mira Ceti);
• IV - spectrum with bands due to carbon, but without metals.
Here is the scheme:
• O - presence of strong absorption lines due to ionized helium. There are absorption lines of ionized helium and hydrogen. The stars belonging to this class have surface temperatures between 28000 and 35000 kelvins (remember that 0 kelvins correspond to -273.15 ° C).
• B - hydrogen lines grow. The three helium lines are at their maximum intensity in B2, they disappear completely in B9. The lines of ionized silicon, oxygen and magnesium are visible. Surface temperatures range from 10,000 Kelvin to 28,000 Kelvin.
• A - in class A0 the lines of the Balmer series of hydrogen show their maximum. The K line of ionized calcium grows over the whole class. Surface temperatures are between 7500 Kelvin and 10000 Kelvin.
• F - hydrogen lines decrease, ionized calcium lines increase. The first lines of metals appear. Stars of this class have surface temperatures between 6000 Kelvin and 7500 Kelvin.
• G - is the class to which the Sun belongs (G2). The lines of hydrogen are further decreasing. The K line of the stock is strengthened. Present numerous lines of neutral metals. Surface temperatures range from 4900 Kelvin to 6000 Kelvin.
• K - the lines of metals grow while those of hydrogen disappear. Surface temperatures are between 3500 Kelvin and 4900 Kelvin.
• M - corresponding to group III of Secchi. The titanium oxide bands, faded towards red, grow for the whole class. Surface temperatures are less than 3500 Kelvin.
- -
"If You happen to see any content that is yours, and we didn't give credit in the right manner please let us know at [email protected] and we will correct it immediately"
"Some of our visual content is under an Attribution-ShareAlike license. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/) in its different versions such as 1.0, 2.0, 3,0, and 4.0 – permitting commercial sharing with attribution given in each picture accordingly in the video."
Credits: Ron Miller
Credits: Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com
Credits: Nasa/Shutterstock/Storyblocks/Elon Musk/SpaceX/ESA/ESO
Credits: Flickr
00:00 Introduction
00:15 Overview of Stellar Classification
02:00 Main Types of Stars (O, B, A, F, G, K, M)
04:30 Characteristics and Properties of Each Type
07:00 How Stars are Classified (Spectral Analysis)
09:30 Importance of Stellar Classification in Astronomy
11:00 Recent Discoveries and Research in Stellar Classification
13:00 Conclusion and Future Directions
#insanecuriosity #classification #stars
- published: 14 Oct 2021
- views: 8600
51:49
Stellar Classification - 8a - Intro to Astronomy Sessions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:49
- Uploaded Date: 03 Jul 2023
- views: 156
How astronomers can use the strengths of different spectral lines in the light from a star to determine the spectral type/temperature, without being affected by...
How astronomers can use the strengths of different spectral lines in the light from a star to determine the spectral type/temperature, without being affected by the phenomena of interstellar reddening.
You can access data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey here: https://skyserver.sdss.org
Full Series Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQzpF6G7qUZATmrabrBhIDX_33jfCeHBR
Please note that this was designed as an introductory survey of astronomy course, mostly for non-science majors, and does simplify many of the topics accordingly. I encourage people who are just getting into astronomy to use this as a jumping off point for more in depth studies. I've tried to edit out specific references to my course (regarding assignments, tests, etc.) but I might have missed some. Finally, scientific fields are constantly advancing, with new data and studies resulting in our ideas being continually improved. This means some of the ideas presented here may soon be out of date, so I again encourage people to continue to investigate whichever topics are of particular interest to you.
Opening Image Credit: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-catches-fiery-hourglass-as-new-star-forms
https://wn.com/Stellar_Classification_8A_Intro_To_Astronomy_Sessions
How astronomers can use the strengths of different spectral lines in the light from a star to determine the spectral type/temperature, without being affected by the phenomena of interstellar reddening.
You can access data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey here: https://skyserver.sdss.org
Full Series Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQzpF6G7qUZATmrabrBhIDX_33jfCeHBR
Please note that this was designed as an introductory survey of astronomy course, mostly for non-science majors, and does simplify many of the topics accordingly. I encourage people who are just getting into astronomy to use this as a jumping off point for more in depth studies. I've tried to edit out specific references to my course (regarding assignments, tests, etc.) but I might have missed some. Finally, scientific fields are constantly advancing, with new data and studies resulting in our ideas being continually improved. This means some of the ideas presented here may soon be out of date, so I again encourage people to continue to investigate whichever topics are of particular interest to you.
Opening Image Credit: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-catches-fiery-hourglass-as-new-star-forms
- published: 03 Jul 2023
- views: 156
7:05
Classification of Stars: Spectral Analysis and the H-R Diagram
So we have made it through the dark ages, and are now a few hundred million years into the...
published: 09 Aug 2018
Classification of Stars: Spectral Analysis and the H-R Diagram
Classification of Stars: Spectral Analysis and the H-R Diagram
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- published: 09 Aug 2018
- views: 329292
So we have made it through the dark ages, and are now a few hundred million years into the lifetime of the universe. There are plenty of stars all over the place, but are they all the same? How can we classify stars? Let's go through the basics of the Harvard System, and then take a look at something called a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
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13:43
Stellar Classification: Types Of Stars!
We have all heard about the stars and witnessed there beauty in the night sky since our ch...
published: 07 Aug 2020
Stellar Classification: Types Of Stars!
Stellar Classification: Types Of Stars!
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- published: 07 Aug 2020
- views: 133051
We have all heard about the stars and witnessed there beauty in the night sky since our childhood. But Have you ever heard about Stellar Classification of Stars? If your answer is no, then you have landed at the right place because this video will touch the bottom of the topic. Before going too deep first, let us understand what exactly we mean by Stellar Classification of Stars! In astronomy, Stellar Classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics i.e. relation between wavelength and some other variables. Stellar classification, scheme for assigning stars to types according to their temperatures as estimated from their spectra.
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For most of its active life, a star shines due to thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium in its core, releasing energy that traverses the star's interior and then radiates into outer space . A star's life begins with the gravitational collapse of a gaseous nebula of material composed primarily of hydrogen, along with helium and trace amounts of heavier elements. When the stellar core is sufficiently dense, hydrogen becomes steadily converted into helium through nuclear fusion, releasing energy in the process. According to the latest data, the observable universe contains 1×1024 stars. The nearest one to our planet is our Sun. Scientists have studied stars for quiet a time now and divided them on them on the basis of their age and temperature. We will discuss one such classification today, which is the stellar classification of stars. Stars are classified by their spectra (the elements that they absorb) and their temperature. There are seven main types of stars. In order of decreasing temperature, O, B, A, F, G, K, and M. We all see the stars twinkling but have you ever wondered how do stars twinkle? To answer this, let us go back to our school days where we were taught refraction of lights. Twinkling of stars is caused by the passing of light through different layers of a tempestuous atmosphere. But in real the stars don't twinkle, they only appear as such because of the interaction between our eyes, stars and Earth's atmosphere. The formation of a star is not a quick process, it takes around a million of years to form a star from an accumulation of gas and dust which collapses due to gravity in its nebulae. Our universe has nebulas, in which new stars are being formed all the time. Though we haven’t observed much of these stars present in our infinite universe but those which are observed give a very good idea of their composition and properties.
Now let us go back to the base of the topic Stellar Classification. It is a scheme assigning stars their type on the basis of their temperatures as calculated from their spectra. The classification of temperature is done on the basis of Wien's Law regarding black body radiation. The universally accepted system of stellar classification is a combination of two schemes, the Harvard system, which is based on the star's surface temperature, and the MK i.e. Morgan Keenan system, which is based on the stars luminosity. The MK also called Yerkes system, is the work of the American astronomers W.W. Morgan, P.C. Keenan, and few others. It is based on two sets of parameters-a refined version of the Harvard O-M scale, and a luminosity scale of grades I-for super-giants, II-bright giants, III-normal giants, IV-sub-giants, and V-main sequence, or dwarf, stars; further specifications may be used, such as a grade Ia for bright super-giants and grades VI and VII for sub-dwarfs and white dwarfs, respectively. In the Harvard system the stars are classified on as the hottest to coolest using letters such as O, B, A, F, G, K, M where O is the hottest(25,000 K) and blue in colour and M is the coolest (3,500 K) star which is red in colour. The letters are further subdivided from hot to cool. An adapted and famous mnemonic for memorising this sequence of stellar classification is “Oh Be A Fine Girl/Guy, Kiss Me”. The hotter stars are sometimes referred to as early and the cooler as late. With the discovery of brown dwarfs, objects that form like stars but do not shine through thermonuclear fusion, the system of stellar classification has been expanded to include spectral types L, T, and Y.
Now let's us know about the classification in details.
Credits: Nasa
Video Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
01:40 Stellar Classification of Stars
01:50 Main Types of Stars
02:55 Stellar Classification
03:11 Accepted System of Stellar Classification
06:27 Albe Association
07:59 Type F
08:48 G Type Stars
11:42 Extended Spectral Types
#InsaneCuriosity #TypesOfStar #StellarClassification
5:14
The Night Sky: Stellar Classification
A brief overview of how stars are classified, in particular looking at the Morgan-Keenan m...
published: 01 Oct 2013
The Night Sky: Stellar Classification
The Night Sky: Stellar Classification
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- published: 01 Oct 2013
- views: 1993
A brief overview of how stars are classified, in particular looking at the Morgan-Keenan method, using the Sun as an example.
6:52
Understanding Stellar Classification: Types of Stars - Polymath Library
Discover the exciting world of Stellar Classification in this informative video! Learn abo...
published: 03 Feb 2023
Understanding Stellar Classification: Types of Stars - Polymath Library
Understanding Stellar Classification: Types of Stars - Polymath Library
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- published: 03 Feb 2023
- views: 487
Discover the exciting world of Stellar Classification in this informative video! Learn about the different types of stars, the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, spectral lines, and the spectral classification system. Explore the unique characteristics and properties of stars and understand how astronomers categorize them based on their luminosity, temperature, and chemical composition. With clear explanations and captivating visuals, this video will take you on a journey through the universe and deepen your knowledge of astronomy.
10:41
Stars: Crash Course Astronomy #26
Today Phil’s explaining the stars and how they can be categorized using their spectra. Tog...
published: 23 Jul 2015
Stars: Crash Course Astronomy #26
Stars: Crash Course Astronomy #26
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- published: 23 Jul 2015
- views: 1991576
Today Phil’s explaining the stars and how they can be categorized using their spectra. Together with their distance, this provides a wealth of information about them including their luminosity, size, and temperature. The HR diagram plots stars’ luminosity versus temperature and most stars fall along the main sequence, where they live most of their lives.
Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster
--
Chapters:
Introduction: Stars 00:00
Stellar Spectra 1:07
Star Classifications 3:03
Why Are There No Green Stars? 4:00
Luminosity Depends on Size and Temperature 5:27
The HR Diagram 6:33
Main Sequence Stars 7:27
Other Stars on the HR Diagram 8:17
Review 9:50
--
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--
PHOTOS/VIDEOS
Stars http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/703724main_potw1244a.jpg [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
Spitzer Spectrum http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA03242 [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Leiden/SRON]
Sun spectrum https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0600.html [credit: N.A.Sharp, NOAO/NSO/Kitt Peak FTS/AURA/NSF]
Annie Jump Cannon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon#/media/File:Annie_Jump_Cannon_1922_Portrait.jpg [credit: New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper]
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecilia_Payne-Gaposchkin#/media/File:Cecilia_Helena_Payne_Gaposchkin_(1900-1979)_(3).jpg [credit: Smithsonian Institution]
OBAFGKM https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0649.html [credit: NOAO/AURA/NSF]
Betelgeuse http://www.eso.org/public/usa/images/eso0927e/ [credit: ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2. Acknowledgment: Davide De Martin]
Sirius https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_468.html [credit: NASA, ESA, H. Bond (STScI) and M. Barstow (University of Leicester)]
Solar AM0 spectrum with visible spectrum background https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_AM0_spectrum_with_visible_spectrum_background_(en).png [credit: Danmichaelo, Wikimedia Commons]
Blue sky http://www.pexels.com/photo/sky-sunny-clouds-cloudy-3768/ [credit: Skitter Photo]
Hawaii sunset photo [credit: Phil Plait]
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ESO_-_Hertzsprung-Russell_Diagram_(by).jpg [credit: ESO]
2:48
Stars 101 | National Geographic
Countless stars dot the night sky. Learn how these celestial objects form, how they are cl...
published: 26 Apr 2019
Stars 101 | National Geographic
Stars 101 | National Geographic
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- published: 26 Apr 2019
- views: 2787073
Countless stars dot the night sky. Learn how these celestial objects form, how they are classified by brightness and temperature, and what happens when they die.
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
#NationalGeographic #Stars #Educational
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
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Read more in "Everything you wanted to know about stars"
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Stars 101 | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/EFO_bsg1sw8
National Geographic
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8:55
Stellar Classification 101: Types of Stars and the History of Their Classification - FreeSchool 101
https://patreon.com/freeschool - Help support more content like this!
New from FreeSchoo...
published: 18 Feb 2021
Stellar Classification 101: Types of Stars and the History of Their Classification - FreeSchool 101
Stellar Classification 101: Types of Stars and the History of Their Classification - FreeSchool 101
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- published: 18 Feb 2021
- views: 41715
https://patreon.com/freeschool - Help support more content like this!
New from FreeSchool! FreeSchool 101 videos are for older viewers, with deeper information and more complex verbiage. In this video we explore the development of spectroscopy and stellar classification and various tools used in ii like the Harvard System and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.
Subscribe to FreeSchool: https://www.youtube.com/user/watchfreeschool
Visit us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/watchFreeSchool
Or check out our website for more content: http://www.freeschoolpublishing.com
7:57
Star Classification - Sixty Symbols
The Sun is designated as a "G2V" star. What does that mean?
Featuring Michael Merrifield,...
published: 12 Oct 2010
Star Classification - Sixty Symbols
Star Classification - Sixty Symbols
- Report rights infringement
- published: 12 Oct 2010
- views: 231169
The Sun is designated as a "G2V" star. What does that mean?
Featuring Michael Merrifield, Amanda Bauer and Chris Conselise.
Classifying stars - it's the first step we need to start our understanding of stars. Why do we give the star types such weird letters to classify them? Spectroscopic sequence helped analyse the different types in the late 1800's. Featuring the Harvard "computer", Annie Jump Cannon, one of the first woman astronomers, and who came up with the basic classification we use today after simplifying previous classifications.
Visit our website at http://www.sixtysymbols.com/
We're on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/sixtysymbols
And Twitter at http://twitter.com/sixtysymbols
This project features scientists from The University of Nottingham
http://bit.ly/NottsPhysics
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/sixtysymbols
Sixty Symbols videos by Brady Haran
http://www.bradyharanblog.com
Email list: http://eepurl.com/YdjL9
14:35
Stellar Classification: What We Can Learn From Stars
Business Enquiries ► [email protected]
- -
This video deals with stellar...
published: 14 Oct 2021
Stellar Classification: What We Can Learn From Stars
Stellar Classification: What We Can Learn From Stars
- Report rights infringement
- published: 14 Oct 2021
- views: 8600
Business Enquiries ► [email protected]
- -
This video deals with stellar classification. Before going into the merits, however, it is good to say something about spectroscopy, as it is the basis of the same stellar classification.
Spectroscopy is a very powerful method of investigation of the structure of matter which is based on the analysis of the decomposition of the light emitted by it into its fundamental wavelengths.
- -
Subscribe for more videos ►https://www.youtube.com/c/InsaneCuriosity?sub_confirmation=1?
Business Enquiries ► [email protected]
- -
It is, on the analysis of the electromagnetic spectrum. In astrophysics it is essential to obtain information on the chemical composition and physical conditions of stars.
But what is the electromagnetic spectrum?
• I - almost continuous spectrum with few lines, the most intense of which are due to hydrogen (0 stars the lines of the Balmer series of hydrogen show their maximum. The K line of ionized calcium grows over the whole class.
• II - spectrum similar to the solar one, characterized, next to lines weaker than hydrogen, by a large quantity of metallic lines (sodium, calcium, iron) and by many other thin ones (yellow or orange stars such as Sun, Capella);
• III - spectrum with many thin lines and also with very wide and shaded lines called "bands", with traces of metals and hydrocarbons (orange or red stars such as Betelgeuse, Antares, Mira Ceti);
• IV - spectrum with bands due to carbon, but without metals.
Here is the scheme:
• O - presence of strong absorption lines due to ionized helium. There are absorption lines of ionized helium and hydrogen. The stars belonging to this class have surface temperatures between 28000 and 35000 kelvins (remember that 0 kelvins correspond to -273.15 ° C).
• B - hydrogen lines grow. The three helium lines are at their maximum intensity in B2, they disappear completely in B9. The lines of ionized silicon, oxygen and magnesium are visible. Surface temperatures range from 10,000 Kelvin to 28,000 Kelvin.
• A - in class A0 the lines of the Balmer series of hydrogen show their maximum. The K line of ionized calcium grows over the whole class. Surface temperatures are between 7500 Kelvin and 10000 Kelvin.
• F - hydrogen lines decrease, ionized calcium lines increase. The first lines of metals appear. Stars of this class have surface temperatures between 6000 Kelvin and 7500 Kelvin.
• G - is the class to which the Sun belongs (G2). The lines of hydrogen are further decreasing. The K line of the stock is strengthened. Present numerous lines of neutral metals. Surface temperatures range from 4900 Kelvin to 6000 Kelvin.
• K - the lines of metals grow while those of hydrogen disappear. Surface temperatures are between 3500 Kelvin and 4900 Kelvin.
• M - corresponding to group III of Secchi. The titanium oxide bands, faded towards red, grow for the whole class. Surface temperatures are less than 3500 Kelvin.
- -
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00:00 Introduction
00:15 Overview of Stellar Classification
02:00 Main Types of Stars (O, B, A, F, G, K, M)
04:30 Characteristics and Properties of Each Type
07:00 How Stars are Classified (Spectral Analysis)
09:30 Importance of Stellar Classification in Astronomy
11:00 Recent Discoveries and Research in Stellar Classification
13:00 Conclusion and Future Directions
#insanecuriosity #classification #stars
51:49
Stellar Classification - 8a - Intro to Astronomy Sessions
How astronomers can use the strengths of different spectral lines in the light from a star...
published: 03 Jul 2023
Stellar Classification - 8a - Intro to Astronomy Sessions
Stellar Classification - 8a - Intro to Astronomy Sessions
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- published: 03 Jul 2023
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How astronomers can use the strengths of different spectral lines in the light from a star to determine the spectral type/temperature, without being affected by the phenomena of interstellar reddening.
You can access data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey here: https://skyserver.sdss.org
Full Series Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQzpF6G7qUZATmrabrBhIDX_33jfCeHBR
Please note that this was designed as an introductory survey of astronomy course, mostly for non-science majors, and does simplify many of the topics accordingly. I encourage people who are just getting into astronomy to use this as a jumping off point for more in depth studies. I've tried to edit out specific references to my course (regarding assignments, tests, etc.) but I might have missed some. Finally, scientific fields are constantly advancing, with new data and studies resulting in our ideas being continually improved. This means some of the ideas presented here may soon be out of date, so I again encourage people to continue to investigate whichever topics are of particular interest to you.
Opening Image Credit: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-catches-fiery-hourglass-as-new-star-forms
Stellar classification
In astronomy, stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. Electromagnetic radiation from the star is analyzed by splitting it with a prism or diffraction grating into a spectrum exhibiting the rainbow of colors interspersed with absorption lines. Each line indicates an ion of a certain chemical element, with the line strength indicating the abundance of that ion. The relative abundance of the different ions varies with the temperature of the photosphere. The spectral class of a star is a short code summarizing the ionization state, giving an objective measure of the photosphere's temperature and density.
Most stars are currently classified under the Morgan–Keenan (MK) system using the letters O, B, A, F, G, K, and M, a sequence from the hottest (O type) to the coolest (M type). Each letter class is then subdivided using a numeric digit with 0 being hottest and 9 being coolest (e.g. A8, A9, F0, F1 form a sequence from hotter to cooler). The sequence has been expanded with classes for other stars and star-like objects that do not fit in the classical system, such as class D for white dwarfs and class C for carbon stars.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Stellar_classification
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