-
The Iroquois Theater Disaster | A Short Documentary | Fascinating Horror
"On the 30th of December, 1903, a fire began on the stage at the newly-built Iroquois Theater in Chicago, Illinois..."
As always, THANK YOU to all my Patreon patrons: you make this channel possible.
https://www.patreon.com/fascinatinghorror
SOCIAL MEDIA:
► Twitter: https://twitter.com/TrueHorrorTales
► TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@fascinatinghorror
► Suggestions: [email protected]
CHAPTERS:
00:00 - Intro
00:43 - History of the Iroquois
03:05 - The Day of the Fire
09:08 - The Aftermath
MUSIC:
► "Glass Pond" by Public Memory
#Documentary #History #TrueStories
published: 04 May 2021
-
Chicago Fire Dept.- Iroquois Theatre Fire
Video from WTTW - Chicago Tonight tells the story of the Iroquois Theatre Fire disaster on December 30, 1903.
published: 18 Feb 2015
-
Chicago Hauntings: The Horrors Of The Iroquois Theater Fire And Reports Of Ghosts At The Site
On Dec. 30, 1903, 602 people died when the Iroquois Theater downtown erupted in flames. It remains the deadliest single building fire in U.S. history, and there are reports of apparitions at the site to this day.
published: 01 Nov 2021
-
600+ People Dead In Minutes: The Iroquois Theater Fire Disaster | Mystery Syndicate
The Iroquois Theater Fire remains among the worst disasters in history. A hastily-built, grand theatre opened to great fanfare, only to be shuttered shortly after due to a horrific fire, that claimed more than 600 lives.
#disaster #documentary #chicago #history
Script: T. Quinn
Editing: R. McCarthy
Social Links and Website:
If you like the true crime, cryptids, unexplained mysteries, creepy places, abandoned places, haunted places, documentaries, or you just find the world a fascinating place, please like this video, leave a comment, and subscribe to our Youtube channel. Also, check out our other socials -
Facebook: www.facebook.com/mysterysyndicate
TikTok: www.tiktok.com/@mysterysyndicate
Twitter: www.twitter.com/mysterysyndica
Instagram: www.instagram.com/mysterysyndicate
Patreon: ...
published: 04 Jun 2023
-
Downtown Disasters — A Chicago Stories Documentary
Chicago Stories recalls two very different disasters that occurred in the heart of Chicago’s Loop 90 years apart: First, the deadliest building fire in U.S. history: the 1903 Iroquois Theatre Fire. Then, the Great Loop Flood of 1992: a $2 billion disaster. As downtown buildings mysteriously flooded with water from the Chicago River, the city searched for answers in a long-forgotten tunnel system.
#ChicagoStoriesWTTW
published: 07 May 2022
-
The Iroquois Theater Fire: Deadlier than the Great Chicago Fire | Short Disaster Documentary
Your support means the world to me!
Join my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/modeofhorror
Become an official member of my channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCth5ytijzUfL0EMIczVQE-w/join
**********
The Iroquois Theater Fire, which took place in Chicago in 1903, is the deadliest theater disaster in history. In fact, it was twice as deadly as another well known disaster which also took place in Chicago: the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. As with many other disasters like this, it could have been completely avoided if not for cutting corners.
The advice of the Chicago Fire Department was ignored when inspections were done on the building. The theater's owners decided to go ahead an open for business, putting profits ahead of safety. This deadly fire had an unbelievable death toll...
published: 28 May 2022
-
The Iroquois Theater Fire
A look at the worst building fire in US history
To post suggestions, email me at [email protected]
Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/ladywhiterabbit
Twitter: @LadyWiteRabbit
Steam: Lady White Rabbit
Facebook: www.facebook.com/ladywiterabbit
Insta: Frank_N_Rabbit
Sources:
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fire-breaks-out-in-chicago-theater
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-theater-blaze-killed-hundreds-forever-changed-way-we-approach-fire-safety-180969315/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois_Theatre_fire
published: 07 Dec 2020
-
The 1903 Iroquois Theater Fire - Chicago (HQ)
The Iroquois Theatre (Theater) Fire occurred on December 30, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois. It is the deadliest theater fire and the deadliest single-building fire in United States history. A total of 602 people died as a result of the fire.
The theatre had three audience levels. The main floor (known as the "orchestra" or "parquet") was on the same level as the Foyer or Grand Stair Hall. The second level (the "dress circle") and the third level (the "gallery") were accessed through broad stairways that led off the foyer. The backstage areas were unusually large, with dressing rooms on five levels, an uncommonly large fly gallery (where scenery was hung), and even an elevator available to transport actors down to the stage level.
The Iroquois was Chicago's newest and most polishe...
published: 11 Jan 2010
-
600+ People GONE in Minutes | The Iroquois Theatre Fire
Join me as I explore the infamous Alley of Death in Chicago, the haunting site linked to one of the city's most tragic events—the Iroquois Theatre fire. In this video, I dive into the chilling history behind the 1903 fire that claimed hundreds of lives and forever changed safety standards in theaters and public spaces across the country.
Tinder Box by Anthony Hatch: https://www.amazon.com/Tinder-Box-Anthony-P-Hatch/dp/0897336097/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&dib_tag=se&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.gxyYlxm-NcRmSyTy-N5-IzEJDXP96So2Ln4FbIvKfc2uayCnruqSiscjYU1qX62qaFpTt4OElkwp8w0L8e49laoZUcSvEo8n7OmfEWXzDVKP0GrFjAgMzNfxAAK4T9ygMdV0u-tWxKxMPrhEyK-nuMMZ3AY-nAKsxygzueFkQCl_Xxk435XPYD6PB_zcpfx6MLBM3ouWGyubyQgQMxaDyP8QoeOJ5zetwZkyiyHI22Y.iSElW_mW1KyVg3nWD-dsUQQjvNLjvSn9RmV9CtbfuDQ&qid=1726523681&sr=8-2
...
published: 16 Sep 2024
-
The Iroquois Theatre Fire, Part 1: The Theatre
In 1903, the Iroquois Theatre in Chicago, Illinois was set to host a matinée performance of the musical “Mister Blue Beard”. The children’s play, staring Dan Macavoy and Eddie Foy, featured physical comedy, actors dressed as animals, and ballerinas.
Close to two-thousand people packed the seats, aisles, and every other space in which they could sit or stand, in order to view the spectacle. Since the play was directed towards a younger audience, most of the people in attendance were women and children. This sell out event was well past the designed number of around sixteen-hundred attendees.
At 3:15pm, Wednesday, December 30th, just over five weeks after the buildings opening, tragedy would strike during the second act when a curtain on the stage ignited and burst into flames. Nearly six...
published: 02 Oct 2023
12:10
The Iroquois Theater Disaster | A Short Documentary | Fascinating Horror
"On the 30th of December, 1903, a fire began on the stage at the newly-built Iroquois Theater in Chicago, Illinois..."
As always, THANK YOU to all my Patreon ...
"On the 30th of December, 1903, a fire began on the stage at the newly-built Iroquois Theater in Chicago, Illinois..."
As always, THANK YOU to all my Patreon patrons: you make this channel possible.
https://www.patreon.com/fascinatinghorror
SOCIAL MEDIA:
► Twitter: https://twitter.com/TrueHorrorTales
► TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@fascinatinghorror
► Suggestions:
[email protected]
CHAPTERS:
00:00 - Intro
00:43 - History of the Iroquois
03:05 - The Day of the Fire
09:08 - The Aftermath
MUSIC:
► "Glass Pond" by Public Memory
#Documentary #History #TrueStories
https://wn.com/The_Iroquois_Theater_Disaster_|_A_Short_Documentary_|_Fascinating_Horror
"On the 30th of December, 1903, a fire began on the stage at the newly-built Iroquois Theater in Chicago, Illinois..."
As always, THANK YOU to all my Patreon patrons: you make this channel possible.
https://www.patreon.com/fascinatinghorror
SOCIAL MEDIA:
► Twitter: https://twitter.com/TrueHorrorTales
► TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@fascinatinghorror
► Suggestions:
[email protected]
CHAPTERS:
00:00 - Intro
00:43 - History of the Iroquois
03:05 - The Day of the Fire
09:08 - The Aftermath
MUSIC:
► "Glass Pond" by Public Memory
#Documentary #History #TrueStories
- published: 04 May 2021
- views: 890084
10:52
Chicago Fire Dept.- Iroquois Theatre Fire
Video from WTTW - Chicago Tonight tells the story of the Iroquois Theatre Fire disaster on December 30, 1903.
Video from WTTW - Chicago Tonight tells the story of the Iroquois Theatre Fire disaster on December 30, 1903.
https://wn.com/Chicago_Fire_Dept._Iroquois_Theatre_Fire
Video from WTTW - Chicago Tonight tells the story of the Iroquois Theatre Fire disaster on December 30, 1903.
- published: 18 Feb 2015
- views: 91572
9:32
Chicago Hauntings: The Horrors Of The Iroquois Theater Fire And Reports Of Ghosts At The Site
On Dec. 30, 1903, 602 people died when the Iroquois Theater downtown erupted in flames. It remains the deadliest single building fire in U.S. history, and there...
On Dec. 30, 1903, 602 people died when the Iroquois Theater downtown erupted in flames. It remains the deadliest single building fire in U.S. history, and there are reports of apparitions at the site to this day.
https://wn.com/Chicago_Hauntings_The_Horrors_Of_The_Iroquois_Theater_Fire_And_Reports_Of_Ghosts_At_The_Site
On Dec. 30, 1903, 602 people died when the Iroquois Theater downtown erupted in flames. It remains the deadliest single building fire in U.S. history, and there are reports of apparitions at the site to this day.
- published: 01 Nov 2021
- views: 19766
10:38
600+ People Dead In Minutes: The Iroquois Theater Fire Disaster | Mystery Syndicate
The Iroquois Theater Fire remains among the worst disasters in history. A hastily-built, grand theatre opened to great fanfare, only to be shuttered shortly aft...
The Iroquois Theater Fire remains among the worst disasters in history. A hastily-built, grand theatre opened to great fanfare, only to be shuttered shortly after due to a horrific fire, that claimed more than 600 lives.
#disaster #documentary #chicago #history
Script: T. Quinn
Editing: R. McCarthy
Social Links and Website:
If you like the true crime, cryptids, unexplained mysteries, creepy places, abandoned places, haunted places, documentaries, or you just find the world a fascinating place, please like this video, leave a comment, and subscribe to our Youtube channel. Also, check out our other socials -
Facebook: www.facebook.com/mysterysyndicate
TikTok: www.tiktok.com/@mysterysyndicate
Twitter: www.twitter.com/mysterysyndica
Instagram: www.instagram.com/mysterysyndicate
Patreon: www.patreon.com/mysterysyndicate
YouTube: www.youtube.com/c/mysterysyndicate
Website: www.mysterysyndicate.com
Photo & Video Attribution:
https://flic.kr/p/2igeoWP (CC 2.0)
https://flic.kr/p/PdLCBf (CC 2.0)
https://flic.kr/p/CYq9bL (CC 2.0)
https://flic.kr/p/bo7Huu (CC 2.0)
https://flic.kr/p/8MoZPN (CC 2.0)
https://wn.com/600_People_Dead_In_Minutes_The_Iroquois_Theater_Fire_Disaster_|_Mystery_Syndicate
The Iroquois Theater Fire remains among the worst disasters in history. A hastily-built, grand theatre opened to great fanfare, only to be shuttered shortly after due to a horrific fire, that claimed more than 600 lives.
#disaster #documentary #chicago #history
Script: T. Quinn
Editing: R. McCarthy
Social Links and Website:
If you like the true crime, cryptids, unexplained mysteries, creepy places, abandoned places, haunted places, documentaries, or you just find the world a fascinating place, please like this video, leave a comment, and subscribe to our Youtube channel. Also, check out our other socials -
Facebook: www.facebook.com/mysterysyndicate
TikTok: www.tiktok.com/@mysterysyndicate
Twitter: www.twitter.com/mysterysyndica
Instagram: www.instagram.com/mysterysyndicate
Patreon: www.patreon.com/mysterysyndicate
YouTube: www.youtube.com/c/mysterysyndicate
Website: www.mysterysyndicate.com
Photo & Video Attribution:
https://flic.kr/p/2igeoWP (CC 2.0)
https://flic.kr/p/PdLCBf (CC 2.0)
https://flic.kr/p/CYq9bL (CC 2.0)
https://flic.kr/p/bo7Huu (CC 2.0)
https://flic.kr/p/8MoZPN (CC 2.0)
- published: 04 Jun 2023
- views: 1896
55:43
Downtown Disasters — A Chicago Stories Documentary
Chicago Stories recalls two very different disasters that occurred in the heart of Chicago’s Loop 90 years apart: First, the deadliest building fire in U.S. his...
Chicago Stories recalls two very different disasters that occurred in the heart of Chicago’s Loop 90 years apart: First, the deadliest building fire in U.S. history: the 1903 Iroquois Theatre Fire. Then, the Great Loop Flood of 1992: a $2 billion disaster. As downtown buildings mysteriously flooded with water from the Chicago River, the city searched for answers in a long-forgotten tunnel system.
#ChicagoStoriesWTTW
https://wn.com/Downtown_Disasters_—_A_Chicago_Stories_Documentary
Chicago Stories recalls two very different disasters that occurred in the heart of Chicago’s Loop 90 years apart: First, the deadliest building fire in U.S. history: the 1903 Iroquois Theatre Fire. Then, the Great Loop Flood of 1992: a $2 billion disaster. As downtown buildings mysteriously flooded with water from the Chicago River, the city searched for answers in a long-forgotten tunnel system.
#ChicagoStoriesWTTW
- published: 07 May 2022
- views: 350211
12:09
The Iroquois Theater Fire: Deadlier than the Great Chicago Fire | Short Disaster Documentary
Your support means the world to me!
Join my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/modeofhorror
Become an official member of my channel:
https://www.youtube.co...
Your support means the world to me!
Join my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/modeofhorror
Become an official member of my channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCth5ytijzUfL0EMIczVQE-w/join
**********
The Iroquois Theater Fire, which took place in Chicago in 1903, is the deadliest theater disaster in history. In fact, it was twice as deadly as another well known disaster which also took place in Chicago: the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. As with many other disasters like this, it could have been completely avoided if not for cutting corners.
The advice of the Chicago Fire Department was ignored when inspections were done on the building. The theater's owners decided to go ahead an open for business, putting profits ahead of safety. This deadly fire had an unbelievable death toll that had never been seen before in a theater disaster and has not been seen since. Watch this short documentary on the Iroquois Theater disaster to learn more about one of the worst disasters in the history of the United States.
**********
#disaster #documentary #history #horror #disasterdocumentary #science #naturaldisaster #dark #creepy #modeofhorror #historydocumentary #scarystories #scary #truehorrorstories #fire #firedocumentary
https://wn.com/The_Iroquois_Theater_Fire_Deadlier_Than_The_Great_Chicago_Fire_|_Short_Disaster_Documentary
Your support means the world to me!
Join my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/modeofhorror
Become an official member of my channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCth5ytijzUfL0EMIczVQE-w/join
**********
The Iroquois Theater Fire, which took place in Chicago in 1903, is the deadliest theater disaster in history. In fact, it was twice as deadly as another well known disaster which also took place in Chicago: the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. As with many other disasters like this, it could have been completely avoided if not for cutting corners.
The advice of the Chicago Fire Department was ignored when inspections were done on the building. The theater's owners decided to go ahead an open for business, putting profits ahead of safety. This deadly fire had an unbelievable death toll that had never been seen before in a theater disaster and has not been seen since. Watch this short documentary on the Iroquois Theater disaster to learn more about one of the worst disasters in the history of the United States.
**********
#disaster #documentary #history #horror #disasterdocumentary #science #naturaldisaster #dark #creepy #modeofhorror #historydocumentary #scarystories #scary #truehorrorstories #fire #firedocumentary
- published: 28 May 2022
- views: 9236
9:06
The Iroquois Theater Fire
A look at the worst building fire in US history
To post suggestions, email me at
[email protected]
Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/ladywhiterabbit
Twitt...
A look at the worst building fire in US history
To post suggestions, email me at
[email protected]
Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/ladywhiterabbit
Twitter: @LadyWiteRabbit
Steam: Lady White Rabbit
Facebook: www.facebook.com/ladywiterabbit
Insta: Frank_N_Rabbit
Sources:
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fire-breaks-out-in-chicago-theater
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-theater-blaze-killed-hundreds-forever-changed-way-we-approach-fire-safety-180969315/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois_Theatre_fire
https://wn.com/The_Iroquois_Theater_Fire
A look at the worst building fire in US history
To post suggestions, email me at
[email protected]
Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/ladywhiterabbit
Twitter: @LadyWiteRabbit
Steam: Lady White Rabbit
Facebook: www.facebook.com/ladywiterabbit
Insta: Frank_N_Rabbit
Sources:
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fire-breaks-out-in-chicago-theater
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-theater-blaze-killed-hundreds-forever-changed-way-we-approach-fire-safety-180969315/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois_Theatre_fire
- published: 07 Dec 2020
- views: 20465
10:31
The 1903 Iroquois Theater Fire - Chicago (HQ)
The Iroquois Theatre (Theater) Fire occurred on December 30, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois. It is the deadliest theater fire and the deadliest single-building fire...
The Iroquois Theatre (Theater) Fire occurred on December 30, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois. It is the deadliest theater fire and the deadliest single-building fire in United States history. A total of 602 people died as a result of the fire.
The theatre had three audience levels. The main floor (known as the "orchestra" or "parquet") was on the same level as the Foyer or Grand Stair Hall. The second level (the "dress circle") and the third level (the "gallery") were accessed through broad stairways that led off the foyer. The backstage areas were unusually large, with dressing rooms on five levels, an uncommonly large fly gallery (where scenery was hung), and even an elevator available to transport actors down to the stage level.
The Iroquois was Chicago's newest and most polished theater, built by architect Benjamin Marshall, who had studied many fires over the years and had tried to make this particular building as safe as possible. The Iroquois was designed in the image of a famous Paris opera house, and the four-story structure contained elaborates stained glass windows and polished wood. The lobby of the Iroquois had a sixty-foot high ceiling and marble walls, and Marshall had put in as many as twenty-five exits that supposedly would allow a capacity crowd to escape any problems in less than five minutes. A curtain made of asbestos was supposed to be present, one that could be lowered from above the stage to protect the audience in case of a fire that started there.
But common sense did not prevail when it came to the seats in the Iroquois Theater, as they were made of wood and stuffed with straw, making them extremely flammable. The fire equipment that was supposed to be installed never did make it into the Iroquois, which had no fire alarms at all. In the haste to get the theater open, many safety precautions were simply overlooked, and the combination would prove disastrous. December 30th was a very cold day in the Windy City, and the Iroquois was packed for a showing of the popular comedy "Mr. Bluebeard". Since it was the Christmas break, there were over 2,000 people in attendance, many of them children, with another 400 actors and stagehands behind the scenes. One of those actors was the famous vaudeville performer Eddie Foy.
At around twenty after three during the afternoon one of the many suspended curtains that were used for scenery, painted with volatile oil paints, caught fire from one of the hot stage lights and the flames began to spread upwards. The audience thought that this was somehow part of the show for a while, and Foy came flying out of his make-up room and urged the crowd to be calm, reminding them time and again that the Iroquois was fireproof. The orchestra even began playing, and the crowd seemed to feel there was no threat, until a set that was ablaze came thundering down onto the stage. At this point Foy called for the asbestos curtain to be lowered to protect the audience until the fire could be controlled, but the devise failed to work properly, leaving a gap of some twenty feet between the bottom of the curtain and the stage for the fire to come through.
The actors and stagehands then panicked and headed for the rear exits as the audience finally figured out, too late, that the fire was unstoppable. As the flames spread, those backstage opened the rear doors to escape, and the air that rushed in turned the fire into an inferno. The delirious mass of people headed for any door that they could find, trampling one another and shoving and pushing in frightened hysteria. But the exit doors opened inward, and the crush of bodies against the people trying to open them did not allow them to do so. Also, many of the side doors were locked. The Iroquois was plunged into darkness as the lights went out, and the fire, fueled by the air coming in from the rear doors, exploded throughout the main auditorium.
When the fire company arrived, everything appeared normal, as there was no smoke coming out of the Iroquois Theater at first. But when they went into the building, they could not open the doors because of the bodies that were stacked against them. The death toll in the upper balconies was tremendous, as the fire escape supposedly leading down to the street a hundred feet below was found to be non-existent, leaving some to jump or fall to their death from the great height. As many as 150 people met their fate in this manner.
https://wn.com/The_1903_Iroquois_Theater_Fire_Chicago_(Hq)
The Iroquois Theatre (Theater) Fire occurred on December 30, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois. It is the deadliest theater fire and the deadliest single-building fire in United States history. A total of 602 people died as a result of the fire.
The theatre had three audience levels. The main floor (known as the "orchestra" or "parquet") was on the same level as the Foyer or Grand Stair Hall. The second level (the "dress circle") and the third level (the "gallery") were accessed through broad stairways that led off the foyer. The backstage areas were unusually large, with dressing rooms on five levels, an uncommonly large fly gallery (where scenery was hung), and even an elevator available to transport actors down to the stage level.
The Iroquois was Chicago's newest and most polished theater, built by architect Benjamin Marshall, who had studied many fires over the years and had tried to make this particular building as safe as possible. The Iroquois was designed in the image of a famous Paris opera house, and the four-story structure contained elaborates stained glass windows and polished wood. The lobby of the Iroquois had a sixty-foot high ceiling and marble walls, and Marshall had put in as many as twenty-five exits that supposedly would allow a capacity crowd to escape any problems in less than five minutes. A curtain made of asbestos was supposed to be present, one that could be lowered from above the stage to protect the audience in case of a fire that started there.
But common sense did not prevail when it came to the seats in the Iroquois Theater, as they were made of wood and stuffed with straw, making them extremely flammable. The fire equipment that was supposed to be installed never did make it into the Iroquois, which had no fire alarms at all. In the haste to get the theater open, many safety precautions were simply overlooked, and the combination would prove disastrous. December 30th was a very cold day in the Windy City, and the Iroquois was packed for a showing of the popular comedy "Mr. Bluebeard". Since it was the Christmas break, there were over 2,000 people in attendance, many of them children, with another 400 actors and stagehands behind the scenes. One of those actors was the famous vaudeville performer Eddie Foy.
At around twenty after three during the afternoon one of the many suspended curtains that were used for scenery, painted with volatile oil paints, caught fire from one of the hot stage lights and the flames began to spread upwards. The audience thought that this was somehow part of the show for a while, and Foy came flying out of his make-up room and urged the crowd to be calm, reminding them time and again that the Iroquois was fireproof. The orchestra even began playing, and the crowd seemed to feel there was no threat, until a set that was ablaze came thundering down onto the stage. At this point Foy called for the asbestos curtain to be lowered to protect the audience until the fire could be controlled, but the devise failed to work properly, leaving a gap of some twenty feet between the bottom of the curtain and the stage for the fire to come through.
The actors and stagehands then panicked and headed for the rear exits as the audience finally figured out, too late, that the fire was unstoppable. As the flames spread, those backstage opened the rear doors to escape, and the air that rushed in turned the fire into an inferno. The delirious mass of people headed for any door that they could find, trampling one another and shoving and pushing in frightened hysteria. But the exit doors opened inward, and the crush of bodies against the people trying to open them did not allow them to do so. Also, many of the side doors were locked. The Iroquois was plunged into darkness as the lights went out, and the fire, fueled by the air coming in from the rear doors, exploded throughout the main auditorium.
When the fire company arrived, everything appeared normal, as there was no smoke coming out of the Iroquois Theater at first. But when they went into the building, they could not open the doors because of the bodies that were stacked against them. The death toll in the upper balconies was tremendous, as the fire escape supposedly leading down to the street a hundred feet below was found to be non-existent, leaving some to jump or fall to their death from the great height. As many as 150 people met their fate in this manner.
- published: 11 Jan 2010
- views: 89086
11:33
600+ People GONE in Minutes | The Iroquois Theatre Fire
Join me as I explore the infamous Alley of Death in Chicago, the haunting site linked to one of the city's most tragic events—the Iroquois Theatre fire. In this...
Join me as I explore the infamous Alley of Death in Chicago, the haunting site linked to one of the city's most tragic events—the Iroquois Theatre fire. In this video, I dive into the chilling history behind the 1903 fire that claimed hundreds of lives and forever changed safety standards in theaters and public spaces across the country.
Tinder Box by Anthony Hatch: https://www.amazon.com/Tinder-Box-Anthony-P-Hatch/dp/0897336097/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&dib_tag=se&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.gxyYlxm-NcRmSyTy-N5-IzEJDXP96So2Ln4FbIvKfc2uayCnruqSiscjYU1qX62qaFpTt4OElkwp8w0L8e49laoZUcSvEo8n7OmfEWXzDVKP0GrFjAgMzNfxAAK4T9ygMdV0u-tWxKxMPrhEyK-nuMMZ3AY-nAKsxygzueFkQCl_Xxk435XPYD6PB_zcpfx6MLBM3ouWGyubyQgQMxaDyP8QoeOJ5zetwZkyiyHI22Y.iSElW_mW1KyVg3nWD-dsUQQjvNLjvSn9RmV9CtbfuDQ&qid=1726523681&sr=8-2
Walking the Alley of Death: 00:00
Construction & Background: 02:42
Disaster Strikes: 04:55
Aftermath: 08:13
►Business inquiries:
[email protected]
**Please note, I am simply a hobbyist and not a certified professional in this field. I use this channel to share my findings on topics that interest me.**
https://wn.com/600_People_Gone_In_Minutes_|_The_Iroquois_Theatre_Fire
Join me as I explore the infamous Alley of Death in Chicago, the haunting site linked to one of the city's most tragic events—the Iroquois Theatre fire. In this video, I dive into the chilling history behind the 1903 fire that claimed hundreds of lives and forever changed safety standards in theaters and public spaces across the country.
Tinder Box by Anthony Hatch: https://www.amazon.com/Tinder-Box-Anthony-P-Hatch/dp/0897336097/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&dib_tag=se&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.gxyYlxm-NcRmSyTy-N5-IzEJDXP96So2Ln4FbIvKfc2uayCnruqSiscjYU1qX62qaFpTt4OElkwp8w0L8e49laoZUcSvEo8n7OmfEWXzDVKP0GrFjAgMzNfxAAK4T9ygMdV0u-tWxKxMPrhEyK-nuMMZ3AY-nAKsxygzueFkQCl_Xxk435XPYD6PB_zcpfx6MLBM3ouWGyubyQgQMxaDyP8QoeOJ5zetwZkyiyHI22Y.iSElW_mW1KyVg3nWD-dsUQQjvNLjvSn9RmV9CtbfuDQ&qid=1726523681&sr=8-2
Walking the Alley of Death: 00:00
Construction & Background: 02:42
Disaster Strikes: 04:55
Aftermath: 08:13
►Business inquiries:
[email protected]
**Please note, I am simply a hobbyist and not a certified professional in this field. I use this channel to share my findings on topics that interest me.**
- published: 16 Sep 2024
- views: 1113
49:48
The Iroquois Theatre Fire, Part 1: The Theatre
In 1903, the Iroquois Theatre in Chicago, Illinois was set to host a matinée performance of the musical “Mister Blue Beard”. The children’s play, staring Dan Ma...
In 1903, the Iroquois Theatre in Chicago, Illinois was set to host a matinée performance of the musical “Mister Blue Beard”. The children’s play, staring Dan Macavoy and Eddie Foy, featured physical comedy, actors dressed as animals, and ballerinas.
Close to two-thousand people packed the seats, aisles, and every other space in which they could sit or stand, in order to view the spectacle. Since the play was directed towards a younger audience, most of the people in attendance were women and children. This sell out event was well past the designed number of around sixteen-hundred attendees.
At 3:15pm, Wednesday, December 30th, just over five weeks after the buildings opening, tragedy would strike during the second act when a curtain on the stage ignited and burst into flames. Nearly six-hundred lives would be lost in the deadliest single-building fire in the history of the United States.
In this series of episodes, we will discuss what contributed to the massive loss of life, what lessons were learned, and how door hardware changed in an effort to prevent a repeat of this tragedy.
-----
Listen to The Three Tumblers anywhere you get your podcasts and, please, follow and give us a review!
The Three Tumblers Podcast: https://threetumblers.com
Follow Us On Twitter: https://twitter.com/3tumblerspod
Follow Us On Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thethreetumblerspod/
https://wn.com/The_Iroquois_Theatre_Fire,_Part_1_The_Theatre
In 1903, the Iroquois Theatre in Chicago, Illinois was set to host a matinée performance of the musical “Mister Blue Beard”. The children’s play, staring Dan Macavoy and Eddie Foy, featured physical comedy, actors dressed as animals, and ballerinas.
Close to two-thousand people packed the seats, aisles, and every other space in which they could sit or stand, in order to view the spectacle. Since the play was directed towards a younger audience, most of the people in attendance were women and children. This sell out event was well past the designed number of around sixteen-hundred attendees.
At 3:15pm, Wednesday, December 30th, just over five weeks after the buildings opening, tragedy would strike during the second act when a curtain on the stage ignited and burst into flames. Nearly six-hundred lives would be lost in the deadliest single-building fire in the history of the United States.
In this series of episodes, we will discuss what contributed to the massive loss of life, what lessons were learned, and how door hardware changed in an effort to prevent a repeat of this tragedy.
-----
Listen to The Three Tumblers anywhere you get your podcasts and, please, follow and give us a review!
The Three Tumblers Podcast: https://threetumblers.com
Follow Us On Twitter: https://twitter.com/3tumblerspod
Follow Us On Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thethreetumblerspod/
- published: 02 Oct 2023
- views: 2207
-
History Summarized: Iroquois Native Americans
There's a fascinating history from just northwest of American history that is too often ignored. But that's a damn shame, because it's a damn cool history, and I'm going to talk about it dammit!
No, I didn't accidentally misspell the title of this video when I sleepily uploaded this after I woke up. That's absurd.
EXTRA CREDITS: HIAWATHA: https://youtu.be/79RApCgwZFw
This video was produced with assistance from the Boston University Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program.
PATREON: www.patreon.com/OSP
MERCH LINKS:
Shirts - https://overlysarcasticproducts.threadless.com/designs
All the other stuff - http://www.cafepress.com/OverlySarcasticProducts
Find us on Twitter @OSPYouTube!
published: 07 Aug 2017
-
The Iroquois Tribes: The Mighty Indigenous Confederation that faced the Europeans - See U in History
The Iroquois Tribes: The Mighty Indigenous Confederation that faced the Europeans - See U in History
#SeeUinHistory #History
published: 25 May 2022
-
The Iroquois Confederacy
Patreon | http://historiacivilis.com/patreon
Donate | http://historiacivilis.com/donate
Merch | http://historiacivilis.com/merch
Mailing List | http://historiacivilis.com/mailinglist
Twitter | http://historiacivilis.com/twitter
Website | http://historiacivilis.com
Sources:
"Discourse Delivered Before the New-York Historical Society: At Their Anniversary meeting, 6th December, 1811," by DeWitt Clinton: https://amzn.to/2JJZ7eB
"The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy," by William N. Fenton: https://amzn.to/2JKVTYo
"League of the Hodenosaunee or Iroquois," by Lewis H. Morgan: https://amzn.to/2MzRfue
"Forgotten Founders," by Bruce E. Johansen: https://amzn.to/2Mz8VGf
"French-Iroquois Diplomatic and Military Relations 1609-1701," by Robert A. Goldstein:...
published: 20 Jun 2018
-
Iroquois Confederacy
The Iroquois Confederacy is formed by five Indian nations in what is now New York State, in order to protect themselves against European settlers. The confederacy is successful in maintaining its strength through decades of colonization and warfare.
published: 01 May 2020
-
Haudenosaunee or Iroquois?
Guhnawiyostha' - Sydney Calfrobe, Deer Clan
Tsadeyohdi - Denise Waterman, Turtle Clan
This video, filmed on location at the Onondaga Nation School, focuses on the meaning of the name “Haudenosaunee” and includes information about the duties of the Six Nations as well as the use of the name “Iroquois” throughout history. This video accompanies New York State Education Department ELA curriculum module 4M1A.
published: 30 Sep 2014
-
Iroquois Confederacy: The Birth of Democracy
We’re often taught that it was the ancient Greeks who invented our democracy. What they forget to mention is the group of Native Americans who helped showed us the way.
Untold is a free collection of short, compelling, history videos and animations designed to engage new audiences in a new conversation and shine a light on the stories that don’t always make it into the classroom and question what we think we know about those that do. Untold is here to fill in the gaps and bring new stories to life. Check out untoldhistory.org
Follow Untold on
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/untoldedu/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/UntoldEdu
Twitter: https://twitter.com/UntoldEdu
published: 22 Jul 2021
-
The Hard And Bloody Road To The Iroquois Confederacy | 1491 | Chronicle
Governance models were developed by each Indigenous nation to control their citizens and establish normative behaviors. The Americas are replete with a variety of examples: from patriarchal and matrilineal-based societies to complex political systems governing multi-nation empires.
Welcome to Chronicle; your home for all things medieval history! With documentaries covering everything from the collapse of the Roman Empire to the beginnings of the Renaissance, from Hastings to Charlemagne, we'll be exploring everything the Middle Ages have to offer.
Subscribe now so you don't miss out!
Chronicle is part of the History Hit Network. To get in touch please email [email protected].
It's like Netflix for history... 📺 Sign up to History Hit, the world's best history documen...
published: 12 Nov 2022
-
Native Americans for Kids: Cherokee, Apache, Navajo, Iroquois and Sioux | Kids Academy
Thousands of parents and educators are turning to the kids’ learning app that makes real learning truly fun. Try Kids Academy now! Enjoy our special Cyber Week offer. The price was 75% higher! https://clck.ru/YtVjE
Native Americans for Kids: Cherokee, Apache, Navajo, Iroquois, and Sioux
Native Americans are the indigenous people of the United States, and they are also called American Indians.
They were the original occupant of the American land before it was conquered by the colonists. The Native Americans live and operate as a tribe, and there are reportedly more than 500 tribes of Native Americans residing in the United States as of today.
Half of these are connected to Indian reservations.
Native Americans are the most group of people, and they are thought to be the original owne...
published: 29 Dec 2018
-
2024 Iroquois Prek-12 Christmas Concert
published: 06 Dec 2024
-
Native American History: The Iroquois
One of the most well-known and influential tribes in Native American history, the Iroquois have a fascinating story.
This diverse and influential group of Native people impacted the politics and history of their time, and their contributions to society and voices in media are still felt today.
Read more: https://blog.nativehope.org/the-history-and-culture-of-the-iroquois
published: 02 Mar 2023
11:24
History Summarized: Iroquois Native Americans
There's a fascinating history from just northwest of American history that is too often ignored. But that's a damn shame, because it's a damn cool history, and ...
There's a fascinating history from just northwest of American history that is too often ignored. But that's a damn shame, because it's a damn cool history, and I'm going to talk about it dammit!
No, I didn't accidentally misspell the title of this video when I sleepily uploaded this after I woke up. That's absurd.
EXTRA CREDITS: HIAWATHA: https://youtu.be/79RApCgwZFw
This video was produced with assistance from the Boston University Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program.
PATREON: www.patreon.com/OSP
MERCH LINKS:
Shirts - https://overlysarcasticproducts.threadless.com/designs
All the other stuff - http://www.cafepress.com/OverlySarcasticProducts
Find us on Twitter @OSPYouTube!
https://wn.com/History_Summarized_Iroquois_Native_Americans
There's a fascinating history from just northwest of American history that is too often ignored. But that's a damn shame, because it's a damn cool history, and I'm going to talk about it dammit!
No, I didn't accidentally misspell the title of this video when I sleepily uploaded this after I woke up. That's absurd.
EXTRA CREDITS: HIAWATHA: https://youtu.be/79RApCgwZFw
This video was produced with assistance from the Boston University Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program.
PATREON: www.patreon.com/OSP
MERCH LINKS:
Shirts - https://overlysarcasticproducts.threadless.com/designs
All the other stuff - http://www.cafepress.com/OverlySarcasticProducts
Find us on Twitter @OSPYouTube!
- published: 07 Aug 2017
- views: 826327
4:32
The Iroquois Tribes: The Mighty Indigenous Confederation that faced the Europeans - See U in History
The Iroquois Tribes: The Mighty Indigenous Confederation that faced the Europeans - See U in History
#SeeUinHistory #History
The Iroquois Tribes: The Mighty Indigenous Confederation that faced the Europeans - See U in History
#SeeUinHistory #History
https://wn.com/The_Iroquois_Tribes_The_Mighty_Indigenous_Confederation_That_Faced_The_Europeans_See_U_In_History
The Iroquois Tribes: The Mighty Indigenous Confederation that faced the Europeans - See U in History
#SeeUinHistory #History
- published: 25 May 2022
- views: 43866
16:00
The Iroquois Confederacy
Patreon | http://historiacivilis.com/patreon
Donate | http://historiacivilis.com/donate
Merch | http://historiacivilis.com/merch
Mailing List | http://historiac...
Patreon | http://historiacivilis.com/patreon
Donate | http://historiacivilis.com/donate
Merch | http://historiacivilis.com/merch
Mailing List | http://historiacivilis.com/mailinglist
Twitter | http://historiacivilis.com/twitter
Website | http://historiacivilis.com
Sources:
"Discourse Delivered Before the New-York Historical Society: At Their Anniversary meeting, 6th December, 1811," by DeWitt Clinton: https://amzn.to/2JJZ7eB
"The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy," by William N. Fenton: https://amzn.to/2JKVTYo
"League of the Hodenosaunee or Iroquois," by Lewis H. Morgan: https://amzn.to/2MzRfue
"Forgotten Founders," by Bruce E. Johansen: https://amzn.to/2Mz8VGf
"French-Iroquois Diplomatic and Military Relations 1609-1701," by Robert A. Goldstein: https://amzn.to/2JLjfxd
Music:
"Deluge," by Cellophane Sam
"Hallon," by Christian Bjoerklund
We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites.
https://wn.com/The_Iroquois_Confederacy
Patreon | http://historiacivilis.com/patreon
Donate | http://historiacivilis.com/donate
Merch | http://historiacivilis.com/merch
Mailing List | http://historiacivilis.com/mailinglist
Twitter | http://historiacivilis.com/twitter
Website | http://historiacivilis.com
Sources:
"Discourse Delivered Before the New-York Historical Society: At Their Anniversary meeting, 6th December, 1811," by DeWitt Clinton: https://amzn.to/2JJZ7eB
"The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy," by William N. Fenton: https://amzn.to/2JKVTYo
"League of the Hodenosaunee or Iroquois," by Lewis H. Morgan: https://amzn.to/2MzRfue
"Forgotten Founders," by Bruce E. Johansen: https://amzn.to/2Mz8VGf
"French-Iroquois Diplomatic and Military Relations 1609-1701," by Robert A. Goldstein: https://amzn.to/2JLjfxd
Music:
"Deluge," by Cellophane Sam
"Hallon," by Christian Bjoerklund
We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites.
- published: 20 Jun 2018
- views: 1180724
2:27
Iroquois Confederacy
The Iroquois Confederacy is formed by five Indian nations in what is now New York State, in order to protect themselves against European settlers. The confedera...
The Iroquois Confederacy is formed by five Indian nations in what is now New York State, in order to protect themselves against European settlers. The confederacy is successful in maintaining its strength through decades of colonization and warfare.
https://wn.com/Iroquois_Confederacy
The Iroquois Confederacy is formed by five Indian nations in what is now New York State, in order to protect themselves against European settlers. The confederacy is successful in maintaining its strength through decades of colonization and warfare.
- published: 01 May 2020
- views: 60041
3:56
Haudenosaunee or Iroquois?
Guhnawiyostha' - Sydney Calfrobe, Deer Clan
Tsadeyohdi - Denise Waterman, Turtle Clan
This video, filmed on location at the Onondaga Nation School, focuses on ...
Guhnawiyostha' - Sydney Calfrobe, Deer Clan
Tsadeyohdi - Denise Waterman, Turtle Clan
This video, filmed on location at the Onondaga Nation School, focuses on the meaning of the name “Haudenosaunee” and includes information about the duties of the Six Nations as well as the use of the name “Iroquois” throughout history. This video accompanies New York State Education Department ELA curriculum module 4M1A.
https://wn.com/Haudenosaunee_Or_Iroquois
Guhnawiyostha' - Sydney Calfrobe, Deer Clan
Tsadeyohdi - Denise Waterman, Turtle Clan
This video, filmed on location at the Onondaga Nation School, focuses on the meaning of the name “Haudenosaunee” and includes information about the duties of the Six Nations as well as the use of the name “Iroquois” throughout history. This video accompanies New York State Education Department ELA curriculum module 4M1A.
- published: 30 Sep 2014
- views: 253667
2:06
Iroquois Confederacy: The Birth of Democracy
We’re often taught that it was the ancient Greeks who invented our democracy. What they forget to mention is the group of Native Americans who helped showed us ...
We’re often taught that it was the ancient Greeks who invented our democracy. What they forget to mention is the group of Native Americans who helped showed us the way.
Untold is a free collection of short, compelling, history videos and animations designed to engage new audiences in a new conversation and shine a light on the stories that don’t always make it into the classroom and question what we think we know about those that do. Untold is here to fill in the gaps and bring new stories to life. Check out untoldhistory.org
Follow Untold on
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/untoldedu/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/UntoldEdu
Twitter: https://twitter.com/UntoldEdu
https://wn.com/Iroquois_Confederacy_The_Birth_Of_Democracy
We’re often taught that it was the ancient Greeks who invented our democracy. What they forget to mention is the group of Native Americans who helped showed us the way.
Untold is a free collection of short, compelling, history videos and animations designed to engage new audiences in a new conversation and shine a light on the stories that don’t always make it into the classroom and question what we think we know about those that do. Untold is here to fill in the gaps and bring new stories to life. Check out untoldhistory.org
Follow Untold on
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/untoldedu/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/UntoldEdu
Twitter: https://twitter.com/UntoldEdu
- published: 22 Jul 2021
- views: 41947
47:02
The Hard And Bloody Road To The Iroquois Confederacy | 1491 | Chronicle
Governance models were developed by each Indigenous nation to control their citizens and establish normative behaviors. The Americas are replete with a variety ...
Governance models were developed by each Indigenous nation to control their citizens and establish normative behaviors. The Americas are replete with a variety of examples: from patriarchal and matrilineal-based societies to complex political systems governing multi-nation empires.
Welcome to Chronicle; your home for all things medieval history! With documentaries covering everything from the collapse of the Roman Empire to the beginnings of the Renaissance, from Hastings to Charlemagne, we'll be exploring everything the Middle Ages have to offer.
Subscribe now so you don't miss out!
Chronicle is part of the History Hit Network. To get in touch please email
[email protected].
It's like Netflix for history... 📺 Sign up to History Hit, the world's best history documentary service and get 50% off using the code 'CHRONICLE' 👉 https://bit.ly/3iVCZNl
https://wn.com/The_Hard_And_Bloody_Road_To_The_Iroquois_Confederacy_|_1491_|_Chronicle
Governance models were developed by each Indigenous nation to control their citizens and establish normative behaviors. The Americas are replete with a variety of examples: from patriarchal and matrilineal-based societies to complex political systems governing multi-nation empires.
Welcome to Chronicle; your home for all things medieval history! With documentaries covering everything from the collapse of the Roman Empire to the beginnings of the Renaissance, from Hastings to Charlemagne, we'll be exploring everything the Middle Ages have to offer.
Subscribe now so you don't miss out!
Chronicle is part of the History Hit Network. To get in touch please email
[email protected].
It's like Netflix for history... 📺 Sign up to History Hit, the world's best history documentary service and get 50% off using the code 'CHRONICLE' 👉 https://bit.ly/3iVCZNl
- published: 12 Nov 2022
- views: 67897
5:27
Native Americans for Kids: Cherokee, Apache, Navajo, Iroquois and Sioux | Kids Academy
Thousands of parents and educators are turning to the kids’ learning app that makes real learning truly fun. Try Kids Academy now! Enjoy our special Cyber Week ...
Thousands of parents and educators are turning to the kids’ learning app that makes real learning truly fun. Try Kids Academy now! Enjoy our special Cyber Week offer. The price was 75% higher! https://clck.ru/YtVjE
Native Americans for Kids: Cherokee, Apache, Navajo, Iroquois, and Sioux
Native Americans are the indigenous people of the United States, and they are also called American Indians.
They were the original occupant of the American land before it was conquered by the colonists. The Native Americans live and operate as a tribe, and there are reportedly more than 500 tribes of Native Americans residing in the United States as of today.
Half of these are connected to Indian reservations.
Native Americans are the most group of people, and they are thought to be the original owners of the American land. The community is known for their clothes, headpiece, accent, and mannerism.
Subscribe to our channel: https://goo.gl/iG2Bdr
#TalentedAndGifted #LearnWithKidsAcademy
Kids Academy Talented and Gifted Program for kids aged 2-10:
*****
Connect with us on :
App Store: https://smart.link/59833db06a6b8
Google Play: https://smart.link/597210af6eb83
Our website: http://www.kidsacademy.mobi
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KidsAcademyC...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/KidsAcademyCo
https://wn.com/Native_Americans_For_Kids_Cherokee,_Apache,_Navajo,_Iroquois_And_Sioux_|_Kids_Academy
Thousands of parents and educators are turning to the kids’ learning app that makes real learning truly fun. Try Kids Academy now! Enjoy our special Cyber Week offer. The price was 75% higher! https://clck.ru/YtVjE
Native Americans for Kids: Cherokee, Apache, Navajo, Iroquois, and Sioux
Native Americans are the indigenous people of the United States, and they are also called American Indians.
They were the original occupant of the American land before it was conquered by the colonists. The Native Americans live and operate as a tribe, and there are reportedly more than 500 tribes of Native Americans residing in the United States as of today.
Half of these are connected to Indian reservations.
Native Americans are the most group of people, and they are thought to be the original owners of the American land. The community is known for their clothes, headpiece, accent, and mannerism.
Subscribe to our channel: https://goo.gl/iG2Bdr
#TalentedAndGifted #LearnWithKidsAcademy
Kids Academy Talented and Gifted Program for kids aged 2-10:
*****
Connect with us on :
App Store: https://smart.link/59833db06a6b8
Google Play: https://smart.link/597210af6eb83
Our website: http://www.kidsacademy.mobi
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KidsAcademyC...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/KidsAcademyCo
- published: 29 Dec 2018
- views: 922781
3:27
Native American History: The Iroquois
One of the most well-known and influential tribes in Native American history, the Iroquois have a fascinating story.
This diverse and influential group of Nativ...
One of the most well-known and influential tribes in Native American history, the Iroquois have a fascinating story.
This diverse and influential group of Native people impacted the politics and history of their time, and their contributions to society and voices in media are still felt today.
Read more: https://blog.nativehope.org/the-history-and-culture-of-the-iroquois
https://wn.com/Native_American_History_The_Iroquois
One of the most well-known and influential tribes in Native American history, the Iroquois have a fascinating story.
This diverse and influential group of Native people impacted the politics and history of their time, and their contributions to society and voices in media are still felt today.
Read more: https://blog.nativehope.org/the-history-and-culture-of-the-iroquois
- published: 02 Mar 2023
- views: 11760