The Iranian Revolution (also known as the Independence and Liberty Revolution or the 1979 Revolution;Persian: Enqelābe Esteqlāl wa Āzādi, 'Enqelābe Esteqlāl wa Āzādi') refers to events involving the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who was supported by the United States and its eventual replacement with an National republic under the Grand AyatollahRuhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution, supported by various leftist and Islamic organizations and Iranian student movements.
Demonstrations against the Shah commenced in October 1977, developing into a campaign of civil resistance that included both secular and religious elements. and which intensified in January 1978. Between August and December 1978 strikes and demonstrations paralyzed the country. The Shah left Iran for exile on January 16, 1979, as the last Persian monarch, leaving his duties to a regency council and an opposition-based prime minister. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government, and returned to Tehran to a greeting by several million Iranians. The royal reign collapsed shortly after on February 11 when guerrillas and rebel troops overwhelmed troops loyal to the Shah in armed street fighting, bringing Khomeini to official power. Iran voted by national referendum to become an Islamic Republic on April 1, 1979, and to approve a new theocratic-republican constitution whereby Khomeini became Supreme Leader of the country, in December 1979.
The protests began the night of 12 June 2009, following the announcement that incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad had won nearly 60 percent despite several reported irregularities. However, all three opposition candidates claimed that the votes were manipulated and the election was rigged, and candidates Mohsen Rezaee and Mousavi lodged official complaints. Mousavi announced that he "won't surrender to this manipulation" before lodging an official appeal against the result to the Guardian Council on 14 June. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei ordered an investigation into the claims of voting fraud and irregularities as per the request of the Green movement leaders. Ahmadinejad called the election "completely free" and the outcome "a great victory" for Iran, dismissing the protests as little more than "passions after a soccer match".
Iran's Revolutions: Crash Course World History 226
In which John Green teaches you about Iran's Revolutions. Yes, revolutions plural. What was the the1979 Iranian Revolution about? It turns out that Iran has a pretty long history of unrest in order to put power in the hands of the people, and the most recent revolution in 1979 was, at least at first, not necessarily about creating an Islamic state. It certainly turned out to be about that, but it was initially just about people who wanted to get rid of an oppressive regime. Listen up as John teaches you about Iran's long history of revolution.
Citation 1: Caryl, Christian. Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century. New York, Basic Books. 2014, p. 11
Citation 2: Axworthy, Michael, Revolutionary Iran: A History of the Islamic Republic. Oxford U. Press. 2014, p. 62
Citation 3: ...
published: 26 Feb 2015
Iran 1979: Anatomy of a Revolution l Featured Documentary
Editor's note: This film was first broadcast in 2009.
In 1979, after decades of royal rule, millions of Iranians took to the streets in a popular movement against a regime that was seen as brutal, corrupt and illegitimate.
Protesters from all social classes demanded the removal of Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi, the country's monarch since 1941.
The Shah had long been criticised for his ties to Western countries, particularly Britain and the United States, as well as crackdowns by internal security forces on dissenting voices.
While the country enjoyed periods of economic prosperity, citizens began protesting against the government after an economic collapse in 1977, which caused high unemployment and rising inflation.
During his rule, Pahlavi had few more staunch critics than Grand Ayato...
published: 04 Feb 2019
The 1979 Iran Revolution: How It Happened
Forty years ago, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spearheaded a revolution that deposed a monarchy in Iran. A repressive theocracy had replaced an authoritarian monarchy. We explain some of the key events of that revolution.
***
For more explainers, graphics and videos, visit: https://www.rferl.org/Multimedia or follow us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/rferl/
We report the news in 22 countries without a free press. Our journalists are a unique source of information from the front lines. https://www.rferl.org/
published: 11 Feb 2019
The Iranian Revolution (1978-1979)
Created using mysimpleshow – Sign up at http://www.mysimpleshow.com and create your own simpleshow video for free.
published: 03 Mar 2017
Iranian Revolution
published: 02 Jun 2014
Iranian Revolution | Shah of Iran | Ayatollah Khomeini | TV Eye | 1979
TV EYE reports from Tehran. - the day the Ayatollah Khomeini returns home. Reporter Julian Manyon - who has been in the midst of the street violence over the past week — profiles three people in Tehran intimately involved in the conflict each with a different scenario of what will now happen, a
priest, a left wing journalist and a supporter of the Shah
First shown: 01/02/1979
If you would like to license a clip from this video please e mail:
[email protected]
Quote: VT20714
published: 06 Aug 2018
Persia before Khomeini - The history of Iran in 15 minutes of perfectly restored film material
This documentary has been re-edited out from CHRONOS-documentaries "The Heirs of Cyrus the Great" (1974), "Politics of Oil" (1980) and super-8 home movies by Irmgard and Bengt von zur Mühlen. Watch the full documentary here: https://youtu.be/1iIpmZc2l4Q
Since the 1960s filmmaker-couple Irmgard and Bengt von zur Mühlen have been producing and directing documentaries about history and the countries of this world. Many of the more than five hundred films from the CHRONOS-company received international recognition (e.g. two Oscar nominations).
0:05 Tehran Mehrabad Airport
0:28 Iran in 1974 - a dynamic state with a thriving capital
1:09 Coronation of the Shahanshah (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi) and Farah, Oct 26th 1967
1:42 3rd International Film Festival Tehran, Nov 24th 1973
2:03 Tehran, Nov-Dec 1...
published: 27 Aug 2021
What if the Islamic Revolution Never Happened?
In 1953, the democratic government of Iran was overthrown in a US backed coup. In 1979, an Islamic revolution overthrew the Western friendly Shah. Today Iran is a main adversary to the United States and Europe. But it didn't have to be this way. In this video I explore two different scenarios, each with a drastic change to Iran's future.
___________
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/alternatehistoryhub
Music by Holfix
https://www.youtube.com/user/holfix
published: 04 May 2015
Iran 1979: Legacy of a Revolution | Featured Documentary
Thirty years after the founding of the Islamic republic, the ideals that inspired the uprising continue to inform every day life in modern Iran.
So how has the revolution managed to sustain itself through war, international isolation, economic sanctions, and regional turbulence?
And how has Iranian society changed since the seismic upheaval of 1979?
Rageh Omaar went to Iran to find out.
This film was first broadcast in August 2009.
- Subscribe to our channel: http://aje.io/AJSubscribe
- Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AJEnglish
- Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aljazeera
- Check our website: http://www.aljazeera.com/
#AlJazeeraEnglish #Khomeini #AJDocumentary
In which John Green teaches you about Iran's Revolutions. Yes, revolutions plural. What was the the1979 Iranian Revolution about? It turns out that Iran has a p...
In which John Green teaches you about Iran's Revolutions. Yes, revolutions plural. What was the the1979 Iranian Revolution about? It turns out that Iran has a pretty long history of unrest in order to put power in the hands of the people, and the most recent revolution in 1979 was, at least at first, not necessarily about creating an Islamic state. It certainly turned out to be about that, but it was initially just about people who wanted to get rid of an oppressive regime. Listen up as John teaches you about Iran's long history of revolution.
Citation 1: Caryl, Christian. Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century. New York, Basic Books. 2014, p. 11
Citation 2: Axworthy, Michael, Revolutionary Iran: A History of the Islamic Republic. Oxford U. Press. 2014, p. 62
Citation 3: Quoted in Axworthy, p. 81
Citation 4: Axworthy, p. 114
Citation 5: Axworthy, p. 163
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
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In which John Green teaches you about Iran's Revolutions. Yes, revolutions plural. What was the the1979 Iranian Revolution about? It turns out that Iran has a pretty long history of unrest in order to put power in the hands of the people, and the most recent revolution in 1979 was, at least at first, not necessarily about creating an Islamic state. It certainly turned out to be about that, but it was initially just about people who wanted to get rid of an oppressive regime. Listen up as John teaches you about Iran's long history of revolution.
Citation 1: Caryl, Christian. Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century. New York, Basic Books. 2014, p. 11
Citation 2: Axworthy, Michael, Revolutionary Iran: A History of the Islamic Republic. Oxford U. Press. 2014, p. 62
Citation 3: Quoted in Axworthy, p. 81
Citation 4: Axworthy, p. 114
Citation 5: Axworthy, p. 163
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
Editor's note: This film was first broadcast in 2009.
In 1979, after decades of royal rule, millions of Iranians took to the streets in a popular movement agai...
Editor's note: This film was first broadcast in 2009.
In 1979, after decades of royal rule, millions of Iranians took to the streets in a popular movement against a regime that was seen as brutal, corrupt and illegitimate.
Protesters from all social classes demanded the removal of Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi, the country's monarch since 1941.
The Shah had long been criticised for his ties to Western countries, particularly Britain and the United States, as well as crackdowns by internal security forces on dissenting voices.
While the country enjoyed periods of economic prosperity, citizens began protesting against the government after an economic collapse in 1977, which caused high unemployment and rising inflation.
During his rule, Pahlavi had few more staunch critics than Grand Ayatollah Khomeini.
The cleric condemned the Shah's "White Revolution", an ambitious modernisation programme that redistributed land and pushed for social reforms in the 1960s - criticising that it undermined Iran's Shia traditions and served foreign interests.
The Shah arrested Khomeini in 1963 and forced him into exile a year later. But the cleric would continue to bear influence from afar, calling for an end to the monarchy and the establishment of an Islamic republic.
Khomeini's taped speeches won a growing audience among Iranians in the 1970s, many of whom were dissatisfied with the government. The so-called "cassette revolution" was under way.
By the end of 1978, protests against the Shah had turned into a revolution and on January 16, 1979, the Shah fled the country - ending more than 2,000 years of Persian monarchy.
On February 1, Khomeini returned to Iran to crowds of supporters and soon after appointed an interim prime minister.
Under the new government, many opposition leaders were jailed or executed, while many former prisoners were released.
The country was transformed into an Islamic republic and set on a new path - one that brought it to war with its neighbour and ongoing conflict with the West.
Rageh Omaar went to Iran to find out how the Khomeini movement and Iran's Islamic revolution have influenced Iran's foreign policy.
- Subscribe to our channel: http://aje.io/AJSubscribe
- Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AJEnglish
- Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aljazeera
- Check our website: http://www.aljazeera.com/
#AlJazeeraEnglish #Iran1979 #IranRevolution
Editor's note: This film was first broadcast in 2009.
In 1979, after decades of royal rule, millions of Iranians took to the streets in a popular movement against a regime that was seen as brutal, corrupt and illegitimate.
Protesters from all social classes demanded the removal of Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi, the country's monarch since 1941.
The Shah had long been criticised for his ties to Western countries, particularly Britain and the United States, as well as crackdowns by internal security forces on dissenting voices.
While the country enjoyed periods of economic prosperity, citizens began protesting against the government after an economic collapse in 1977, which caused high unemployment and rising inflation.
During his rule, Pahlavi had few more staunch critics than Grand Ayatollah Khomeini.
The cleric condemned the Shah's "White Revolution", an ambitious modernisation programme that redistributed land and pushed for social reforms in the 1960s - criticising that it undermined Iran's Shia traditions and served foreign interests.
The Shah arrested Khomeini in 1963 and forced him into exile a year later. But the cleric would continue to bear influence from afar, calling for an end to the monarchy and the establishment of an Islamic republic.
Khomeini's taped speeches won a growing audience among Iranians in the 1970s, many of whom were dissatisfied with the government. The so-called "cassette revolution" was under way.
By the end of 1978, protests against the Shah had turned into a revolution and on January 16, 1979, the Shah fled the country - ending more than 2,000 years of Persian monarchy.
On February 1, Khomeini returned to Iran to crowds of supporters and soon after appointed an interim prime minister.
Under the new government, many opposition leaders were jailed or executed, while many former prisoners were released.
The country was transformed into an Islamic republic and set on a new path - one that brought it to war with its neighbour and ongoing conflict with the West.
Rageh Omaar went to Iran to find out how the Khomeini movement and Iran's Islamic revolution have influenced Iran's foreign policy.
- Subscribe to our channel: http://aje.io/AJSubscribe
- Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AJEnglish
- Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aljazeera
- Check our website: http://www.aljazeera.com/
#AlJazeeraEnglish #Iran1979 #IranRevolution
Forty years ago, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spearheaded a revolution that deposed a monarchy in Iran. A repressive theocracy had replaced an authoritarian mon...
Forty years ago, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spearheaded a revolution that deposed a monarchy in Iran. A repressive theocracy had replaced an authoritarian monarchy. We explain some of the key events of that revolution.
***
For more explainers, graphics and videos, visit: https://www.rferl.org/Multimedia or follow us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/rferl/
We report the news in 22 countries without a free press. Our journalists are a unique source of information from the front lines. https://www.rferl.org/
Forty years ago, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spearheaded a revolution that deposed a monarchy in Iran. A repressive theocracy had replaced an authoritarian monarchy. We explain some of the key events of that revolution.
***
For more explainers, graphics and videos, visit: https://www.rferl.org/Multimedia or follow us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/rferl/
We report the news in 22 countries without a free press. Our journalists are a unique source of information from the front lines. https://www.rferl.org/
TV EYE reports from Tehran. - the day the Ayatollah Khomeini returns home. Reporter Julian Manyon - who has been in the midst of the street violence over the pa...
TV EYE reports from Tehran. - the day the Ayatollah Khomeini returns home. Reporter Julian Manyon - who has been in the midst of the street violence over the past week — profiles three people in Tehran intimately involved in the conflict each with a different scenario of what will now happen, a
priest, a left wing journalist and a supporter of the Shah
First shown: 01/02/1979
If you would like to license a clip from this video please e mail:
[email protected]
Quote: VT20714
TV EYE reports from Tehran. - the day the Ayatollah Khomeini returns home. Reporter Julian Manyon - who has been in the midst of the street violence over the past week — profiles three people in Tehran intimately involved in the conflict each with a different scenario of what will now happen, a
priest, a left wing journalist and a supporter of the Shah
First shown: 01/02/1979
If you would like to license a clip from this video please e mail:
[email protected]
Quote: VT20714
This documentary has been re-edited out from CHRONOS-documentaries "The Heirs of Cyrus the Great" (1974), "Politics of Oil" (1980) and super-8 home movies by Ir...
This documentary has been re-edited out from CHRONOS-documentaries "The Heirs of Cyrus the Great" (1974), "Politics of Oil" (1980) and super-8 home movies by Irmgard and Bengt von zur Mühlen. Watch the full documentary here: https://youtu.be/1iIpmZc2l4Q
Since the 1960s filmmaker-couple Irmgard and Bengt von zur Mühlen have been producing and directing documentaries about history and the countries of this world. Many of the more than five hundred films from the CHRONOS-company received international recognition (e.g. two Oscar nominations).
0:05 Tehran Mehrabad Airport
0:28 Iran in 1974 - a dynamic state with a thriving capital
1:09 Coronation of the Shahanshah (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi) and Farah, Oct 26th 1967
1:42 3rd International Film Festival Tehran, Nov 24th 1973
2:03 Tehran, Nov-Dec 1973
2:13 Ruins of Persepolis
2:22 Celebration of the Persian Empire, Oct 12th-16th 1971
4:25 Imam Mosque - Esfahan, Nov 29th 1973
5:08 Tschehel Sotun - Esfahan, Nov 29th 1973
6:30 The Shah toghether with Sadat observing military maneuvers
6:58 Persian coup d'état, Feb 21st 1921
7:20 Overthrow of the Quarar Dynasty, Dec 15th 1925
7:50 King of Afghanistan pays the first state visit to the newly born Iran (1928)
7:56 State visit to Turkey with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1934
8:12 Crown Prince Mohammed Reza Wedding, Mar 15th 1939
8:31 Declaration of the Atlantic Charter, Aug 14th 1941
8:44 Operation Countenance, Aug 25th-31st 1941
9:00 Occupation by British and Russian Troups, forced abdication, Sep 16th 1941
9:46 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi becomes the new Shah
9:54 Tehran in 1943
10:02 Tehran Conference, Nov 22nd-26th 1943
10:41 Last troups leave Iran, May 1946
10:45 Mohammad Reza Shah at the London Olympic Opening Ceremony in 1948
10:54 First Assassination Attempt on the Shah, Feb 4th 1949
11:06 Shah speech at the UN, Nov 21st 1949
12:05 Iran Oil Nationalization Agreement, Mar 17th 1951
12:19 Diplomat Averall Harriman, Jul 15th 1951
12:48 US CIA Project Tpajax
12:57 Iranian Coup d'état, Aug 19th 1953
13:18 State visit to Germany, Feb 23rd 1955
13:37 Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary, Shabanu 1951-1958
13:51 State visit to Britain, May 8th 1959
13:59 Wedding with Farah Diba, Dec 21st 1959
14:06 Birth of Cyrus Reza, Oct 31st 1960
14:30 Iranian Revolution 1977-1979
15:12 The Shah leaves for exile, Jan 16th 1979
All images haven been scanned in high-definition resolution and then restored with artificial intelligence software.
Subscribe to chronoshistory: http://goo.gl/IVGjVB
Find more impressive videos in our playlist "Spirit of Liberation": https://goo.gl/Gzeto2
This documentary has been re-edited out from CHRONOS-documentaries "The Heirs of Cyrus the Great" (1974), "Politics of Oil" (1980) and super-8 home movies by Irmgard and Bengt von zur Mühlen. Watch the full documentary here: https://youtu.be/1iIpmZc2l4Q
Since the 1960s filmmaker-couple Irmgard and Bengt von zur Mühlen have been producing and directing documentaries about history and the countries of this world. Many of the more than five hundred films from the CHRONOS-company received international recognition (e.g. two Oscar nominations).
0:05 Tehran Mehrabad Airport
0:28 Iran in 1974 - a dynamic state with a thriving capital
1:09 Coronation of the Shahanshah (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi) and Farah, Oct 26th 1967
1:42 3rd International Film Festival Tehran, Nov 24th 1973
2:03 Tehran, Nov-Dec 1973
2:13 Ruins of Persepolis
2:22 Celebration of the Persian Empire, Oct 12th-16th 1971
4:25 Imam Mosque - Esfahan, Nov 29th 1973
5:08 Tschehel Sotun - Esfahan, Nov 29th 1973
6:30 The Shah toghether with Sadat observing military maneuvers
6:58 Persian coup d'état, Feb 21st 1921
7:20 Overthrow of the Quarar Dynasty, Dec 15th 1925
7:50 King of Afghanistan pays the first state visit to the newly born Iran (1928)
7:56 State visit to Turkey with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1934
8:12 Crown Prince Mohammed Reza Wedding, Mar 15th 1939
8:31 Declaration of the Atlantic Charter, Aug 14th 1941
8:44 Operation Countenance, Aug 25th-31st 1941
9:00 Occupation by British and Russian Troups, forced abdication, Sep 16th 1941
9:46 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi becomes the new Shah
9:54 Tehran in 1943
10:02 Tehran Conference, Nov 22nd-26th 1943
10:41 Last troups leave Iran, May 1946
10:45 Mohammad Reza Shah at the London Olympic Opening Ceremony in 1948
10:54 First Assassination Attempt on the Shah, Feb 4th 1949
11:06 Shah speech at the UN, Nov 21st 1949
12:05 Iran Oil Nationalization Agreement, Mar 17th 1951
12:19 Diplomat Averall Harriman, Jul 15th 1951
12:48 US CIA Project Tpajax
12:57 Iranian Coup d'état, Aug 19th 1953
13:18 State visit to Germany, Feb 23rd 1955
13:37 Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary, Shabanu 1951-1958
13:51 State visit to Britain, May 8th 1959
13:59 Wedding with Farah Diba, Dec 21st 1959
14:06 Birth of Cyrus Reza, Oct 31st 1960
14:30 Iranian Revolution 1977-1979
15:12 The Shah leaves for exile, Jan 16th 1979
All images haven been scanned in high-definition resolution and then restored with artificial intelligence software.
Subscribe to chronoshistory: http://goo.gl/IVGjVB
Find more impressive videos in our playlist "Spirit of Liberation": https://goo.gl/Gzeto2
In 1953, the democratic government of Iran was overthrown in a US backed coup. In 1979, an Islamic revolution overthrew the Western friendly Shah. Today Iran is...
In 1953, the democratic government of Iran was overthrown in a US backed coup. In 1979, an Islamic revolution overthrew the Western friendly Shah. Today Iran is a main adversary to the United States and Europe. But it didn't have to be this way. In this video I explore two different scenarios, each with a drastic change to Iran's future.
___________
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/alternatehistoryhub
Music by Holfix
https://www.youtube.com/user/holfix
In 1953, the democratic government of Iran was overthrown in a US backed coup. In 1979, an Islamic revolution overthrew the Western friendly Shah. Today Iran is a main adversary to the United States and Europe. But it didn't have to be this way. In this video I explore two different scenarios, each with a drastic change to Iran's future.
___________
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/alternatehistoryhub
Music by Holfix
https://www.youtube.com/user/holfix
Thirty years after the founding of the Islamic republic, the ideals that inspired the uprising continue to inform every day life in modern Iran.
So how has the...
Thirty years after the founding of the Islamic republic, the ideals that inspired the uprising continue to inform every day life in modern Iran.
So how has the revolution managed to sustain itself through war, international isolation, economic sanctions, and regional turbulence?
And how has Iranian society changed since the seismic upheaval of 1979?
Rageh Omaar went to Iran to find out.
This film was first broadcast in August 2009.
- Subscribe to our channel: http://aje.io/AJSubscribe
- Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AJEnglish
- Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aljazeera
- Check our website: http://www.aljazeera.com/
#AlJazeeraEnglish #Khomeini #AJDocumentary
Thirty years after the founding of the Islamic republic, the ideals that inspired the uprising continue to inform every day life in modern Iran.
So how has the revolution managed to sustain itself through war, international isolation, economic sanctions, and regional turbulence?
And how has Iranian society changed since the seismic upheaval of 1979?
Rageh Omaar went to Iran to find out.
This film was first broadcast in August 2009.
- Subscribe to our channel: http://aje.io/AJSubscribe
- Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AJEnglish
- Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aljazeera
- Check our website: http://www.aljazeera.com/
#AlJazeeraEnglish #Khomeini #AJDocumentary
In which John Green teaches you about Iran's Revolutions. Yes, revolutions plural. What was the the1979 Iranian Revolution about? It turns out that Iran has a pretty long history of unrest in order to put power in the hands of the people, and the most recent revolution in 1979 was, at least at first, not necessarily about creating an Islamic state. It certainly turned out to be about that, but it was initially just about people who wanted to get rid of an oppressive regime. Listen up as John teaches you about Iran's long history of revolution.
Citation 1: Caryl, Christian. Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century. New York, Basic Books. 2014, p. 11
Citation 2: Axworthy, Michael, Revolutionary Iran: A History of the Islamic Republic. Oxford U. Press. 2014, p. 62
Citation 3: Quoted in Axworthy, p. 81
Citation 4: Axworthy, p. 114
Citation 5: Axworthy, p. 163
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
Editor's note: This film was first broadcast in 2009.
In 1979, after decades of royal rule, millions of Iranians took to the streets in a popular movement against a regime that was seen as brutal, corrupt and illegitimate.
Protesters from all social classes demanded the removal of Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi, the country's monarch since 1941.
The Shah had long been criticised for his ties to Western countries, particularly Britain and the United States, as well as crackdowns by internal security forces on dissenting voices.
While the country enjoyed periods of economic prosperity, citizens began protesting against the government after an economic collapse in 1977, which caused high unemployment and rising inflation.
During his rule, Pahlavi had few more staunch critics than Grand Ayatollah Khomeini.
The cleric condemned the Shah's "White Revolution", an ambitious modernisation programme that redistributed land and pushed for social reforms in the 1960s - criticising that it undermined Iran's Shia traditions and served foreign interests.
The Shah arrested Khomeini in 1963 and forced him into exile a year later. But the cleric would continue to bear influence from afar, calling for an end to the monarchy and the establishment of an Islamic republic.
Khomeini's taped speeches won a growing audience among Iranians in the 1970s, many of whom were dissatisfied with the government. The so-called "cassette revolution" was under way.
By the end of 1978, protests against the Shah had turned into a revolution and on January 16, 1979, the Shah fled the country - ending more than 2,000 years of Persian monarchy.
On February 1, Khomeini returned to Iran to crowds of supporters and soon after appointed an interim prime minister.
Under the new government, many opposition leaders were jailed or executed, while many former prisoners were released.
The country was transformed into an Islamic republic and set on a new path - one that brought it to war with its neighbour and ongoing conflict with the West.
Rageh Omaar went to Iran to find out how the Khomeini movement and Iran's Islamic revolution have influenced Iran's foreign policy.
- Subscribe to our channel: http://aje.io/AJSubscribe
- Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AJEnglish
- Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aljazeera
- Check our website: http://www.aljazeera.com/
#AlJazeeraEnglish #Iran1979 #IranRevolution
Forty years ago, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spearheaded a revolution that deposed a monarchy in Iran. A repressive theocracy had replaced an authoritarian monarchy. We explain some of the key events of that revolution.
***
For more explainers, graphics and videos, visit: https://www.rferl.org/Multimedia or follow us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/rferl/
We report the news in 22 countries without a free press. Our journalists are a unique source of information from the front lines. https://www.rferl.org/
TV EYE reports from Tehran. - the day the Ayatollah Khomeini returns home. Reporter Julian Manyon - who has been in the midst of the street violence over the past week — profiles three people in Tehran intimately involved in the conflict each with a different scenario of what will now happen, a
priest, a left wing journalist and a supporter of the Shah
First shown: 01/02/1979
If you would like to license a clip from this video please e mail:
[email protected]
Quote: VT20714
This documentary has been re-edited out from CHRONOS-documentaries "The Heirs of Cyrus the Great" (1974), "Politics of Oil" (1980) and super-8 home movies by Irmgard and Bengt von zur Mühlen. Watch the full documentary here: https://youtu.be/1iIpmZc2l4Q
Since the 1960s filmmaker-couple Irmgard and Bengt von zur Mühlen have been producing and directing documentaries about history and the countries of this world. Many of the more than five hundred films from the CHRONOS-company received international recognition (e.g. two Oscar nominations).
0:05 Tehran Mehrabad Airport
0:28 Iran in 1974 - a dynamic state with a thriving capital
1:09 Coronation of the Shahanshah (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi) and Farah, Oct 26th 1967
1:42 3rd International Film Festival Tehran, Nov 24th 1973
2:03 Tehran, Nov-Dec 1973
2:13 Ruins of Persepolis
2:22 Celebration of the Persian Empire, Oct 12th-16th 1971
4:25 Imam Mosque - Esfahan, Nov 29th 1973
5:08 Tschehel Sotun - Esfahan, Nov 29th 1973
6:30 The Shah toghether with Sadat observing military maneuvers
6:58 Persian coup d'état, Feb 21st 1921
7:20 Overthrow of the Quarar Dynasty, Dec 15th 1925
7:50 King of Afghanistan pays the first state visit to the newly born Iran (1928)
7:56 State visit to Turkey with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1934
8:12 Crown Prince Mohammed Reza Wedding, Mar 15th 1939
8:31 Declaration of the Atlantic Charter, Aug 14th 1941
8:44 Operation Countenance, Aug 25th-31st 1941
9:00 Occupation by British and Russian Troups, forced abdication, Sep 16th 1941
9:46 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi becomes the new Shah
9:54 Tehran in 1943
10:02 Tehran Conference, Nov 22nd-26th 1943
10:41 Last troups leave Iran, May 1946
10:45 Mohammad Reza Shah at the London Olympic Opening Ceremony in 1948
10:54 First Assassination Attempt on the Shah, Feb 4th 1949
11:06 Shah speech at the UN, Nov 21st 1949
12:05 Iran Oil Nationalization Agreement, Mar 17th 1951
12:19 Diplomat Averall Harriman, Jul 15th 1951
12:48 US CIA Project Tpajax
12:57 Iranian Coup d'état, Aug 19th 1953
13:18 State visit to Germany, Feb 23rd 1955
13:37 Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary, Shabanu 1951-1958
13:51 State visit to Britain, May 8th 1959
13:59 Wedding with Farah Diba, Dec 21st 1959
14:06 Birth of Cyrus Reza, Oct 31st 1960
14:30 Iranian Revolution 1977-1979
15:12 The Shah leaves for exile, Jan 16th 1979
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In 1953, the democratic government of Iran was overthrown in a US backed coup. In 1979, an Islamic revolution overthrew the Western friendly Shah. Today Iran is a main adversary to the United States and Europe. But it didn't have to be this way. In this video I explore two different scenarios, each with a drastic change to Iran's future.
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Thirty years after the founding of the Islamic republic, the ideals that inspired the uprising continue to inform every day life in modern Iran.
So how has the revolution managed to sustain itself through war, international isolation, economic sanctions, and regional turbulence?
And how has Iranian society changed since the seismic upheaval of 1979?
Rageh Omaar went to Iran to find out.
This film was first broadcast in August 2009.
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The Iranian Revolution (also known as the Independence and Liberty Revolution or the 1979 Revolution;Persian: Enqelābe Esteqlāl wa Āzādi, 'Enqelābe Esteqlāl wa Āzādi') refers to events involving the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who was supported by the United States and its eventual replacement with an National republic under the Grand AyatollahRuhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution, supported by various leftist and Islamic organizations and Iranian student movements.
Demonstrations against the Shah commenced in October 1977, developing into a campaign of civil resistance that included both secular and religious elements. and which intensified in January 1978. Between August and December 1978 strikes and demonstrations paralyzed the country. The Shah left Iran for exile on January 16, 1979, as the last Persian monarch, leaving his duties to a regency council and an opposition-based prime minister. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government, and returned to Tehran to a greeting by several million Iranians. The royal reign collapsed shortly after on February 11 when guerrillas and rebel troops overwhelmed troops loyal to the Shah in armed street fighting, bringing Khomeini to official power. Iran voted by national referendum to become an Islamic Republic on April 1, 1979, and to approve a new theocratic-republican constitution whereby Khomeini became Supreme Leader of the country, in December 1979.
And that problem was particularly spiked going into the election because of the Iranian revolution and the cutting off of the supply of 5 million barrels of Iranian oil in July 1979.
Some dragged coffins decorated with Israeli flags, as flags of Hezbollah flew along with Iranian and Palestinian banners ... Supporting the Palestinian cause has been a pillar of Iranian foreign policy since the 1979 Islamic revolution.
Some dragged coffins decorated with Israeli flags, as flags of Hezbollah flew along with Iranian and Palestinian banners ... Supporting the Palestinian cause has been a pillar of Iranian foreign policy since the 1979 Islamic revolution.
The video was initially shared on X by Iranian journalist Masih Alinejad... Iranian law mandates hijab after 1979 Islamic revolution, expressing religious faith for many women, but some view it as a restriction on personal freedom.
Yet Carter’s presidency was largely undone by the Iranian Revolution and its economic knock-on effects ... The Iranian Revolution also led to an oil crisis that caused long lines at gas stations in ...
He kept the United States out of the Moscow Olympics after the Soviets invaded Afghanistan, and fell victim to the oil shocks from the Iranian revolution and the subsequent hostage crisis.
The Iranian revolution had occurred on Carter’s watch, and the fact that U.S ...Dole was correct in his claim that Carter used the Soviet intervention to draw attention from the Iranian hostage crisis.
Like so many of you, I grieve the passing of President Jimmy Carter.He was a very good president ... Both good solutions ... Then he had to deal with the Iranian revolution, which was unforeseen and perhaps unpreventable ... I will never forget his answer.
Screenshot ... He refused to take off the shirt ... Because you guys bombed it all ... The founder, CEO, chairman, and president of Life Time is Bahram Akradi, who was born in Tehran, Iran, and emigrated to the US months before the 1979 Iranian revolution ... .
More so, Israel also launched direct missile attacks on Iran, the first since the Iranian revolution of 1979... As a senior Iranian official said last week in Delhi that although the Taliban's treatment ...
During the 1979 Iranian Revolution, her family left their homeland and moved to Germany, where she had a career in piano performance and teaching ... She said post-revolution Iran was completely different from the country where she grew up.
The Impact of the Syrian revolution on freedom of expression ... While Iranians dreamed of the right to free expression after the revolution, repression has shifted in character from political to ideological.
... disturbances,” while also cutting off pathways for Iranian militias in the region that were previously the worst actors due to the alleged export of Iranian revolution to the Arab region as a whole.
San Diego Union-Tribune
08 Jan 2025
San Diego Union-Tribune
08 Jan 2025