-
G protein coupled receptor signaling | GPCR signaling: Types of G alpha subunit | G alpha s, q and i
This video describes G protein-coupled receptor signaling and the types of GPCR signaling based on the types of G alpha subunit. G alpha s, q and i.
This video will answer the following questions -
How do G protein coupled receptors signal?
What is the role of G proteins in signaling?
What happens in G protein coupled receptors?
What is G protein signaling pathway?
Follow me on other social media -
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/arpan.parich...
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/arpanparichha/
Linked in: https://in.linkedin.com/in/arpan-pari...
Twitter : https://twitter.com/arpan_parichha?la...
Instagram page : https://www.instagram.com/animatedbiologywitharpan/
Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/Animated-biology-with-Arpan-109894017509038/?ref=pages_you_manage
Link to my oth...
published: 15 May 2020
-
G Protein Coupled Receptors(GPCRs) - Structure, Function, Mechanism of Action. Everything!
GPCRs are a group of transmembrane receptors which relay the signals of many different types of ligands including peptide hormones. And they are main drug targets in pharmacological treatment as they control major cellular functions. In this video, i discuss about the structure, function and the mechanism of action of GPCRs. Watch the video till the end and dont forget to subscribe and leave a comment. Thanks for watching!
published: 19 Mar 2020
-
Activation of a G protein coupled receptor at the cell membrane
This short animation shows the activation process of a G protein-coupled receptor (Class B).
G protein-coupled receptors (shown in blue) can be activated by endogenous peptides (shown in green), which is followed by conformational changes in the receptor and engagement of a G protein heterotrimer. After conformational changes and nucleotide exchange at the Gαs protein, the G protein heterotrimer disengages from the receptor and is ready for further cell signalling.
Animation was produced in Blender 3D.
Music: produced in Garage Band.
published: 12 Feb 2022
-
Adenylyl Cyclase - cAMP Pathway || Gs and Gi Protein Pathway
Find notes here: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/post/adenylyl-cyclase-camp-pathway-of-intracellular-signaling
Explore our entire animation video library at: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/
Video Summary:
Under resting state, α, β, and γ subunits of Gs protein are associated with receptor and α subunit is bound to GDP. Activation of the receptor causes the release of GDP and binding of GTP. This causes the release of the αs subunit that activates adenylyl cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP which activates PKA. Activated PKA phosphorylates various target proteins and modulate their activity. Generally, this leads to an increase in cellular activity. When the external signal is removed, the signal is terminated by GTPase activity of α subunit that inactivates itself and thereby a...
published: 14 Jul 2021
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Energetic analysis of Rhodopsin and Gi alpha subunit interface
Energetic analysis of Rhodopsin (orange) and Gi alpha subunit interface (white, yellow). Calculated key residues for receptor -- G protein interactions are shown as sticks. The scale is blue to red, blue is residues contributing most energy stabilizing the interaction, and red is residues that destabilize the interaction.
To learn more about Vanderbilt, visit http://www.vanderbilt.edu.
published: 17 Jan 2014
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G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) - Structure, Mechanism of Action
A G protein coupled receptor is a cell surface transmembrane receptor. G protein coupled receptors are also called seven transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.
Some parts of the receptor that protrude into the cell cytoplasm are coupled to G proteins that include three parts the alpha, beta , and gamma subunits.
When there is no ligand attached to G protein coupled receptors, G protein coupled receptor waits at the plasma membrane in an inactive state. In the inactive state, the alpha subunit of the G protein is bound to GDP.
The G protein coupled receptor is activated by an external signal in the form of a ligand or other signal mediator. This creates a conformational change in the receptor, causing activation of a G protein.
Ligand bindin...
published: 14 May 2021
-
First Attempt at Using Pymol - G Protein Alpha Subunit GDP/GTP Switch
This little video shows the Gα subunit in its inactive state expelling GDP and undergoing a confirmational change as it binds GTP and becomes active. It is very basic as it is my first attempt at using the software. Hopefully, in a year I will get to look back at this video and laugh.
I could not have done even this without a tutorial I found on a great channel by Dr. Mauser. His channel link is below.
Biochemistry with Dr. Mauser
https://www.youtube.com/c/BiochemistrywithDrMauser
published: 24 Jan 2021
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G protein coupled receptor | GPCR
G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) is also called, seven trans-membrane receptor. It acts as a signalling molecule in most of the eukaryotes. It is attached with alpha beta and gamma subunits in the cytoplasm. Upon activation the alpha subunit binds GTP and activates other cellular proteins, which acts as a cell signal.
published: 17 Sep 2023
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G-Protein Alpha Subunit Activation
published: 28 Mar 2022
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G Protein Coupled Receptors | Nervous system physiology | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy
Learn about how g protein coupled receptors work in the cell membrane. Created by William Tsai.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-biosignaling/v/enzyme-linked-receptors?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-biosignaling/v/ligand-gated-ion-channels?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
NCLEX-RN on Khan Academy: A collection of questions from content covered on the NCLEX-RN. These questions are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/).
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice e...
published: 04 May 2014
7:15
G protein coupled receptor signaling | GPCR signaling: Types of G alpha subunit | G alpha s, q and i
This video describes G protein-coupled receptor signaling and the types of GPCR signaling based on the types of G alpha subunit. G alpha s, q and i.
This video ...
This video describes G protein-coupled receptor signaling and the types of GPCR signaling based on the types of G alpha subunit. G alpha s, q and i.
This video will answer the following questions -
How do G protein coupled receptors signal?
What is the role of G proteins in signaling?
What happens in G protein coupled receptors?
What is G protein signaling pathway?
Follow me on other social media -
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/arpan.parich...
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/arpanparichha/
Linked in: https://in.linkedin.com/in/arpan-pari...
Twitter : https://twitter.com/arpan_parichha?la...
Instagram page : https://www.instagram.com/animatedbiologywitharpan/
Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/Animated-biology-with-Arpan-109894017509038/?ref=pages_you_manage
Link to my other channel - Lets crack bio exams https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4IpyopsGWSjaPACNTZLuqg
For Physics part of bio exams - Physics for IIT JAM biotechnology
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJvSHjOoL2FDN85hQbu7vfw
#GPCR #GPCRpathway #animated_biology #animated_biology_with_arpan #biology #bio_facts #CSIR_NET #IIT_JAM #IIT_JAM_BT #biotechnology #bioscience #biological_sciences #microbiology #genetics #zoology #molecular_biology #cell_biology #botany #immunology #ecology
https://wn.com/G_Protein_Coupled_Receptor_Signaling_|_Gpcr_Signaling_Types_Of_G_Alpha_Subunit_|_G_Alpha_S,_Q_And_I
This video describes G protein-coupled receptor signaling and the types of GPCR signaling based on the types of G alpha subunit. G alpha s, q and i.
This video will answer the following questions -
How do G protein coupled receptors signal?
What is the role of G proteins in signaling?
What happens in G protein coupled receptors?
What is G protein signaling pathway?
Follow me on other social media -
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/arpan.parich...
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/arpanparichha/
Linked in: https://in.linkedin.com/in/arpan-pari...
Twitter : https://twitter.com/arpan_parichha?la...
Instagram page : https://www.instagram.com/animatedbiologywitharpan/
Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/Animated-biology-with-Arpan-109894017509038/?ref=pages_you_manage
Link to my other channel - Lets crack bio exams https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4IpyopsGWSjaPACNTZLuqg
For Physics part of bio exams - Physics for IIT JAM biotechnology
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJvSHjOoL2FDN85hQbu7vfw
#GPCR #GPCRpathway #animated_biology #animated_biology_with_arpan #biology #bio_facts #CSIR_NET #IIT_JAM #IIT_JAM_BT #biotechnology #bioscience #biological_sciences #microbiology #genetics #zoology #molecular_biology #cell_biology #botany #immunology #ecology
- published: 15 May 2020
- views: 66192
3:38
G Protein Coupled Receptors(GPCRs) - Structure, Function, Mechanism of Action. Everything!
GPCRs are a group of transmembrane receptors which relay the signals of many different types of ligands including peptide hormones. And they are main drug targe...
GPCRs are a group of transmembrane receptors which relay the signals of many different types of ligands including peptide hormones. And they are main drug targets in pharmacological treatment as they control major cellular functions. In this video, i discuss about the structure, function and the mechanism of action of GPCRs. Watch the video till the end and dont forget to subscribe and leave a comment. Thanks for watching!
https://wn.com/G_Protein_Coupled_Receptors(Gpcrs)_Structure,_Function,_Mechanism_Of_Action._Everything
GPCRs are a group of transmembrane receptors which relay the signals of many different types of ligands including peptide hormones. And they are main drug targets in pharmacological treatment as they control major cellular functions. In this video, i discuss about the structure, function and the mechanism of action of GPCRs. Watch the video till the end and dont forget to subscribe and leave a comment. Thanks for watching!
- published: 19 Mar 2020
- views: 401616
0:41
Activation of a G protein coupled receptor at the cell membrane
This short animation shows the activation process of a G protein-coupled receptor (Class B).
G protein-coupled receptors (shown in blue) can be activated by end...
This short animation shows the activation process of a G protein-coupled receptor (Class B).
G protein-coupled receptors (shown in blue) can be activated by endogenous peptides (shown in green), which is followed by conformational changes in the receptor and engagement of a G protein heterotrimer. After conformational changes and nucleotide exchange at the Gαs protein, the G protein heterotrimer disengages from the receptor and is ready for further cell signalling.
Animation was produced in Blender 3D.
Music: produced in Garage Band.
https://wn.com/Activation_Of_A_G_Protein_Coupled_Receptor_At_The_Cell_Membrane
This short animation shows the activation process of a G protein-coupled receptor (Class B).
G protein-coupled receptors (shown in blue) can be activated by endogenous peptides (shown in green), which is followed by conformational changes in the receptor and engagement of a G protein heterotrimer. After conformational changes and nucleotide exchange at the Gαs protein, the G protein heterotrimer disengages from the receptor and is ready for further cell signalling.
Animation was produced in Blender 3D.
Music: produced in Garage Band.
- published: 12 Feb 2022
- views: 13599
8:30
Adenylyl Cyclase - cAMP Pathway || Gs and Gi Protein Pathway
Find notes here: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/post/adenylyl-cyclase-camp-pathway-of-intracellular-signaling
Explore our entire animation video library at: http...
Find notes here: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/post/adenylyl-cyclase-camp-pathway-of-intracellular-signaling
Explore our entire animation video library at: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/
Video Summary:
Under resting state, α, β, and γ subunits of Gs protein are associated with receptor and α subunit is bound to GDP. Activation of the receptor causes the release of GDP and binding of GTP. This causes the release of the αs subunit that activates adenylyl cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP which activates PKA. Activated PKA phosphorylates various target proteins and modulate their activity. Generally, this leads to an increase in cellular activity. When the external signal is removed, the signal is terminated by GTPase activity of α subunit that inactivates itself and thereby adenylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase that degrades cAMP and phosphatases that dephosphorylate the target proteins. Gi protein inhibits adenylyl cyclase and prevents all these from happening. This generally decreases cellular activity.
🎞 More videos on Signaling:
• Cell to Cell Communication: https://youtu.be/i3bY-JCYs4A
• Receptor - Types & Functions: https://youtu.be/vjFes5I07c0
• Intracellular Signaling / Second Messenger System: https://youtu.be/aIZQ3ker0KE
• G Protein Coupled Receptors: https://youtu.be/5zVysV32hVQ
• Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: https://youtu.be/8-cub2zRQoA
● Follow me at:
• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NonstopNeuron
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/NonstopNeuron/
DISCLAIMER: This video is for education purposes only. Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the material, viewers should refer to the appropriate regulatory body/authorized websites, guidelines, and other suitable sources of information as deemed relevant and applicable. In view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical science, any person or organization involved in the preparation of this work accepts no responsibility for any errors or omissions, or results obtained from the use of information in this video.
https://wn.com/Adenylyl_Cyclase_Camp_Pathway_||_Gs_And_Gi_Protein_Pathway
Find notes here: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/post/adenylyl-cyclase-camp-pathway-of-intracellular-signaling
Explore our entire animation video library at: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/
Video Summary:
Under resting state, α, β, and γ subunits of Gs protein are associated with receptor and α subunit is bound to GDP. Activation of the receptor causes the release of GDP and binding of GTP. This causes the release of the αs subunit that activates adenylyl cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP which activates PKA. Activated PKA phosphorylates various target proteins and modulate their activity. Generally, this leads to an increase in cellular activity. When the external signal is removed, the signal is terminated by GTPase activity of α subunit that inactivates itself and thereby adenylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase that degrades cAMP and phosphatases that dephosphorylate the target proteins. Gi protein inhibits adenylyl cyclase and prevents all these from happening. This generally decreases cellular activity.
🎞 More videos on Signaling:
• Cell to Cell Communication: https://youtu.be/i3bY-JCYs4A
• Receptor - Types & Functions: https://youtu.be/vjFes5I07c0
• Intracellular Signaling / Second Messenger System: https://youtu.be/aIZQ3ker0KE
• G Protein Coupled Receptors: https://youtu.be/5zVysV32hVQ
• Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: https://youtu.be/8-cub2zRQoA
● Follow me at:
• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NonstopNeuron
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/NonstopNeuron/
DISCLAIMER: This video is for education purposes only. Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the material, viewers should refer to the appropriate regulatory body/authorized websites, guidelines, and other suitable sources of information as deemed relevant and applicable. In view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical science, any person or organization involved in the preparation of this work accepts no responsibility for any errors or omissions, or results obtained from the use of information in this video.
- published: 14 Jul 2021
- views: 115540
0:09
Energetic analysis of Rhodopsin and Gi alpha subunit interface
Energetic analysis of Rhodopsin (orange) and Gi alpha subunit interface (white, yellow). Calculated key residues for receptor -- G protein interactions are show...
Energetic analysis of Rhodopsin (orange) and Gi alpha subunit interface (white, yellow). Calculated key residues for receptor -- G protein interactions are shown as sticks. The scale is blue to red, blue is residues contributing most energy stabilizing the interaction, and red is residues that destabilize the interaction.
To learn more about Vanderbilt, visit http://www.vanderbilt.edu.
https://wn.com/Energetic_Analysis_Of_Rhodopsin_And_Gi_Alpha_Subunit_Interface
Energetic analysis of Rhodopsin (orange) and Gi alpha subunit interface (white, yellow). Calculated key residues for receptor -- G protein interactions are shown as sticks. The scale is blue to red, blue is residues contributing most energy stabilizing the interaction, and red is residues that destabilize the interaction.
To learn more about Vanderbilt, visit http://www.vanderbilt.edu.
- published: 17 Jan 2014
- views: 406
2:08
G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) - Structure, Mechanism of Action
A G protein coupled receptor is a cell surface transmembrane receptor. G protein coupled receptors are also called seven transmembrane receptors because they pa...
A G protein coupled receptor is a cell surface transmembrane receptor. G protein coupled receptors are also called seven transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.
Some parts of the receptor that protrude into the cell cytoplasm are coupled to G proteins that include three parts the alpha, beta , and gamma subunits.
When there is no ligand attached to G protein coupled receptors, G protein coupled receptor waits at the plasma membrane in an inactive state. In the inactive state, the alpha subunit of the G protein is bound to GDP.
The G protein coupled receptor is activated by an external signal in the form of a ligand or other signal mediator. This creates a conformational change in the receptor, causing activation of a G protein.
Ligand binding changes the picture: the G protein coupled receptor is activated and causes the alpha subunit of G protein to exchange GDP for GTP. Now active G protein separates into two pieces one called the alpha subunit, the other consisting of the beta and gamma subunits.And they are also freed from the G protein coupled receptor. The subunits can interact with other proteins, triggering a signaling pathway that leads to a response.
When the ligand is removed , the alpha subunit will hydrolyze GTP back to GDP, at which point the G protein becomes inactive. The inactive G protein reassembles as a three piece unit associated with a G protein coupled receptor. Cell signaling using G protein coupled receptors is a cycle, one that can repeat over and over in response to ligand binding.
https://wn.com/G_Protein_Coupled_Receptors_(Gpcrs)_Structure,_Mechanism_Of_Action
A G protein coupled receptor is a cell surface transmembrane receptor. G protein coupled receptors are also called seven transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.
Some parts of the receptor that protrude into the cell cytoplasm are coupled to G proteins that include three parts the alpha, beta , and gamma subunits.
When there is no ligand attached to G protein coupled receptors, G protein coupled receptor waits at the plasma membrane in an inactive state. In the inactive state, the alpha subunit of the G protein is bound to GDP.
The G protein coupled receptor is activated by an external signal in the form of a ligand or other signal mediator. This creates a conformational change in the receptor, causing activation of a G protein.
Ligand binding changes the picture: the G protein coupled receptor is activated and causes the alpha subunit of G protein to exchange GDP for GTP. Now active G protein separates into two pieces one called the alpha subunit, the other consisting of the beta and gamma subunits.And they are also freed from the G protein coupled receptor. The subunits can interact with other proteins, triggering a signaling pathway that leads to a response.
When the ligand is removed , the alpha subunit will hydrolyze GTP back to GDP, at which point the G protein becomes inactive. The inactive G protein reassembles as a three piece unit associated with a G protein coupled receptor. Cell signaling using G protein coupled receptors is a cycle, one that can repeat over and over in response to ligand binding.
- published: 14 May 2021
- views: 36418
0:19
First Attempt at Using Pymol - G Protein Alpha Subunit GDP/GTP Switch
This little video shows the Gα subunit in its inactive state expelling GDP and undergoing a confirmational change as it binds GTP and becomes active. It is very...
This little video shows the Gα subunit in its inactive state expelling GDP and undergoing a confirmational change as it binds GTP and becomes active. It is very basic as it is my first attempt at using the software. Hopefully, in a year I will get to look back at this video and laugh.
I could not have done even this without a tutorial I found on a great channel by Dr. Mauser. His channel link is below.
Biochemistry with Dr. Mauser
https://www.youtube.com/c/BiochemistrywithDrMauser
https://wn.com/First_Attempt_At_Using_Pymol_G_Protein_Alpha_Subunit_Gdp_Gtp_Switch
This little video shows the Gα subunit in its inactive state expelling GDP and undergoing a confirmational change as it binds GTP and becomes active. It is very basic as it is my first attempt at using the software. Hopefully, in a year I will get to look back at this video and laugh.
I could not have done even this without a tutorial I found on a great channel by Dr. Mauser. His channel link is below.
Biochemistry with Dr. Mauser
https://www.youtube.com/c/BiochemistrywithDrMauser
- published: 24 Jan 2021
- views: 112
3:22
G protein coupled receptor | GPCR
G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) is also called, seven trans-membrane receptor. It acts as a signalling molecule in most of the eukaryotes. It is attached with...
G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) is also called, seven trans-membrane receptor. It acts as a signalling molecule in most of the eukaryotes. It is attached with alpha beta and gamma subunits in the cytoplasm. Upon activation the alpha subunit binds GTP and activates other cellular proteins, which acts as a cell signal.
https://wn.com/G_Protein_Coupled_Receptor_|_Gpcr
G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) is also called, seven trans-membrane receptor. It acts as a signalling molecule in most of the eukaryotes. It is attached with alpha beta and gamma subunits in the cytoplasm. Upon activation the alpha subunit binds GTP and activates other cellular proteins, which acts as a cell signal.
- published: 17 Sep 2023
- views: 38137
12:48
G Protein Coupled Receptors | Nervous system physiology | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy
Learn about how g protein coupled receptors work in the cell membrane. Created by William Tsai.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nc...
Learn about how g protein coupled receptors work in the cell membrane. Created by William Tsai.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-biosignaling/v/enzyme-linked-receptors?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-biosignaling/v/ligand-gated-ion-channels?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
NCLEX-RN on Khan Academy: A collection of questions from content covered on the NCLEX-RN. These questions are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/).
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s NCLEX-RN channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDx5cTeADCvKWgF9x_Qjz3g?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
https://wn.com/G_Protein_Coupled_Receptors_|_Nervous_System_Physiology_|_Nclex_Rn_|_Khan_Academy
Learn about how g protein coupled receptors work in the cell membrane. Created by William Tsai.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-biosignaling/v/enzyme-linked-receptors?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/nervous-system-phy/rn-biosignaling/v/ligand-gated-ion-channels?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
NCLEX-RN on Khan Academy: A collection of questions from content covered on the NCLEX-RN. These questions are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/).
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s NCLEX-RN channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDx5cTeADCvKWgF9x_Qjz3g?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
- published: 04 May 2014
- views: 1344509