- published: 04 May 2015
- views: 649778
-
remove the playlistFusion The Sun
- remove the playlistFusion The Sun
Sun
The Sun (in Greek: Helios, in Latin: Sol) is the star at the center of the Solar System and is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. It is a nearly perfect spherical ball of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process. Its diameter is about 109 times that of Earth, and it has a mass about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen; the rest is mostly helium, with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon and iron.
The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (G2V) based on spectral class and it is informally referred to as a yellow dwarf. It formed approximately 4.567 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of matter within a region of a large molecular cloud. Most of this matter gathered in the center, whereas the rest flattened into an orbiting disk that became the Solar System. The central mass became increasingly hot and dense, eventually initiating nuclear fusion in its core. It is thought that almost all stars form by this process.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Sun
Sun (disambiguation)
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.
Sun or the Sun may also refer to:
Other common meanings
Arts and entertainment
Films
Music
Artists
Albums
Songs
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Sun_(disambiguation)
The Sun (Sydney)
The Sun was an afternoon tabloid newspaper, first published under this name in 1910. It was acquired from Associated Newspapers by Fairfax Holdings in Sydney, Australia in 1953, as the afternoon companion to The Sydney Morning Herald. The former Sunday edition, the Sunday Sun was discontinued and merged with the Sunday Herald into the tabloid Sun-Herald at the same time.
Publication of The Sun ceased on 14 March 1988. Some of its content, and sponsorship of the Sydney City to Surf footrace, was continued in The Sun-Herald.
References
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/The_Sun_(Sydney)
Podcasts:
-
How Does Fusion Power the Sun?
The Sun contains 99.8 percent of all matter in the solar system. Under crushing pressure and extreme temperatures generated by gravity, the violent process of nuclear fusion powers the tremendous energy output of the sun. | http://science.discovery.com/tv-shows/how-the-universe-works/ Watch full episodes: http://bit.ly/HTUWFullEpisodes Subscribe to Science Channel: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=sciencechannel Check out SCI2 for infinitely awesome science videos. Every day. http://bit.ly/SCI2YT Download the TestTube app: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq
published: 04 May 2015 -
Nuclear Fusion, How the Sun's energy is produced. Explained Simply
Let's take a look, at the nuclear fusion process, that naturally occurs in the sun, and the stars, in our truly magnificent universe. Nuclear fusion is the main method used to produce energy in the Sun. Extremely high temperatures, and pressures, inside the Sun's core, provide a setting that is ideal for fusion. The proton-proton chain, is a common name for the fusion process that occurs in the Sun. Here are the basic steps of the proton-proton chain. 1. Proton-Proton Fusion. In the first step of proton-proton fusion, two hydrogen nuclei, (or, protons) collide, thus, overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between them. As a result of this occurrence, a proton, changes into a neutron, by a process known as beta-plus decay, emitting a positron and a neutrino in the process. The second ...
published: 17 Jul 2023 -
Nuclear fusion in the sun. The 4 steps from hydrogen to helium.
The 4 reactions that, step by step, build a helium atom from four of hydrogen. How the surplus electrons are destroyed and how all of this pumps heat into the sun's core. It's known as the P-P process and it's the main way small stars produce their power.
published: 09 Dec 2021 -
How the Sun works: Fusion and Quantum Tunneling
Now that you know about the sun, do you want to learn about quantum tunneling? http://bit.ly/p7l3gv Sorry I'm late - I was busy working on freddiew's new video: http://bit.ly/n73Uwj minutephysics is now on Google+ - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics Tweet it! - http://bit.ly/nRmI7m Facebook it! - http://on.fb.me/nzRurH Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! In this episode, we learn about how the sun can burn for billions of years without running out of fuel. Music by Nathaniel Schroeder youtube: http://bit.ly/pakJLE myspace: http://mysp.ac/qtmZQj Created by Henry Reich
published: 25 Jul 2011 -
Where Does The Sun Get Its Energy?
The sun has been producing light for about five billion years but where does all its energy come from? The most common idea is that the sun is burning gas - like a giant fireball in the sky. If this were true, the sun would have gone out long ago. So how is the sun actually fuelling itself? It is converting its own mass into energy. By combining protons (the nucleus of hydrogen) into helium, it squeezes some mass into energy - 4.3 billion kg per second. It is Einstein's famous E=mc^2 which gives us the quantitative relationship between mass and energy, where c is the speed of light.
published: 06 May 2012 -
Why Does the SUN SHINE? The Quantum Mechanical Reason!
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Why does the sun shine? Why doesn't it burn out? How long will its fuel last? To a scientist living in the 18th century, he might have compared it to a log in a fireplace. When wood burns it releases about 1 ten-millionth of a trillionth of a watt per atom. 0:00 Sun's energy 5:00 How fusion happens 7:19 Quantum tunneling 8:25 Fusion chart 9:51 Where energy comes from 12:39 Why Helium is more stable 15:14 Future of sun The ma...
published: 17 Apr 2021 -
Sun Fusion Power!
The sun is an incredible powerful star. How powerful? Check it out here! You'll be left #MINDBLOWN! 💥 For more amazing content like this, download the Discovery #MINDBLOWN app on at the App Store and on Google Play! App Store: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/discovery-mindblown/id1410837739?mt=8 Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.discovery.mindblown&hl=en_US
published: 08 Oct 2019 -
Fusion Power Explained – Future or Failure
How does Fusion Energy work and is it a good idea? OUR CHANNELS ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US? ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us! Get Merch designed with ❤ from https://kgs.link/shop Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Reddit: https://kgs.link/reddit Instagram: https://kgs.link/instagram Twitter: https://kgs.link/twitter Facebook: https://kgs.link/facebook Discord: https://kgs.link/discord Newsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletter OUR VOICE ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ The Kurzgesagt voice is f...
published: 10 Nov 2016 -
Sun Premier League Season 19 || Fusion Cricket Culb Vs Deccan Wildfires || League Match 11743299
Sun Premier League Season 19 || Fusion Cricket Culb Vs Deccan Wildfires || League Match 11743299
published: 08 Jul 2024 -
How Does Fusion Produce Energy?
What exactly are the mechanisms holding atoms together and why does bringing them together create energy? ------------------------------------------------- Relevant Papers: On the Mechanism of Nucleon-Nucleon Attraction by Pion Exchange - https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2018.98090 A reappraisal of the mechanism of pion exchange and its implications for the teaching of particle physics - https://hst-archive.web.cern.ch/archiv/HST2002/feynman/Pion%20exchange.pdf Origin and properties of strong inter-nucleon interactions - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.0103.pdf FUSION POWER BY MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT PROGRAM PLAN VOL I - https://fire.pppl.gov/us_fusion_plan_1976.pdf Kinetic Energy to Temperatue - https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1OfwMiHkUZzi_M8BbygHnJ4zlVu3h5pnP?usp=sharing
published: 30 Apr 2023
developed with YouTube
2:00
How Does Fusion Power the Sun?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Uploaded Date: 04 May 2015
- views: 649778
The Sun contains 99.8 percent of all matter in the solar system. Under crushing pressure and extreme temperatures generated by gravity, the violent process of n...
The Sun contains 99.8 percent of all matter in the solar system. Under crushing pressure and extreme temperatures generated by gravity, the violent process of nuclear fusion powers the tremendous energy output of the sun. | http://science.discovery.com/tv-shows/how-the-universe-works/
Watch full episodes:
http://bit.ly/HTUWFullEpisodes
Subscribe to Science Channel:
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=sciencechannel
Check out SCI2 for infinitely awesome science videos. Every day.
http://bit.ly/SCI2YT
Download the TestTube app:
http://testu.be/1ndmmMq
https://wn.com/How_Does_Fusion_Power_The_Sun
The Sun contains 99.8 percent of all matter in the solar system. Under crushing pressure and extreme temperatures generated by gravity, the violent process of nuclear fusion powers the tremendous energy output of the sun. | http://science.discovery.com/tv-shows/how-the-universe-works/
Watch full episodes:
http://bit.ly/HTUWFullEpisodes
Subscribe to Science Channel:
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=sciencechannel
Check out SCI2 for infinitely awesome science videos. Every day.
http://bit.ly/SCI2YT
Download the TestTube app:
http://testu.be/1ndmmMq
3:37
Nuclear Fusion, How the Sun's energy is produced. Explained Simply
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Uploaded Date: 17 Jul 2023
- views: 26747
Let's take a look, at the nuclear fusion process, that naturally occurs in the sun, and the stars, in our truly magnificent universe.
Nuclear fusion is the ma...
Let's take a look, at the nuclear fusion process, that naturally occurs in the sun, and the stars, in our truly magnificent universe.
Nuclear fusion is the main method used to produce energy in the Sun. Extremely high temperatures, and pressures, inside the Sun's core, provide a setting that is ideal for fusion. The proton-proton chain, is a common name for the fusion process that occurs in the Sun.
Here are the basic steps of the proton-proton chain.
1. Proton-Proton Fusion. In the first step of proton-proton fusion, two hydrogen nuclei, (or, protons) collide, thus, overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between them.
As a result of this occurrence, a proton, changes into a neutron, by a process known as beta-plus decay, emitting a positron and a neutrino in the process. The second proton is unaltered. Therefore, the end products of this reaction, is a deuterium nucleus, (which is one proton and one neutron), as well as a positron, and a neutrino.
2. Deuterium Capture. In the second step, a second proton is added to the deuterium nucleus created in the first step, to create a helium-3 nucleus,[ (two protons, and one neutron). A gamma-ray photon is released by this process. This brings us on to number 3.
Helium-3 Fusion. There are two possible routes for the helium-3 nucleus, created in the step explained. These are,
Path 1. Helium-3 Fusion. When two helium-3 nuclei collide, a helium-4 nucleus (which consists of two protons, and two neutrons), are produced, along with two protons. Two protons, two gamma-ray photons, and a significant quantity of energy, are released in this process.
Path 2. Helium-3 Capture. A helium-3 nucleus captures a helium-4 nucleus, in path two, to create a beryllium-7 nucleus, which contains four protons, and three neutrons. A gamma-ray photon is released by this process.
4. Beryllium-7 Decay. A lithium-7 nucleus, (which is three protons and four neutrons), is created when the beryllium-7 nucleus, generated in Path 2, experiences beta-minus decay. An electron, an antineutrino, as well as some energy, are released in this process.
The proton-proton chain, in its entirety, consists of a succession of fusion reactions that change hydrogen atoms into helium atoms, thus releasing energy in the form of gamma-ray photons, and other particles. Our solar system receives heat and light from the Sun thanks to this amazing energy.
The lithium-7 nucleus, does not directly take part in subsequent fusion processes within the Sun after the beryllium-7 decay. As was mentioned in the earlier steps of the proton-proton chain, the primary reactions in the Sun's core, involve the fusion of protons to generate helium nuclei.
https://wn.com/Nuclear_Fusion,_How_The_Sun's_Energy_Is_Produced._Explained_Simply
Let's take a look, at the nuclear fusion process, that naturally occurs in the sun, and the stars, in our truly magnificent universe.
Nuclear fusion is the main method used to produce energy in the Sun. Extremely high temperatures, and pressures, inside the Sun's core, provide a setting that is ideal for fusion. The proton-proton chain, is a common name for the fusion process that occurs in the Sun.
Here are the basic steps of the proton-proton chain.
1. Proton-Proton Fusion. In the first step of proton-proton fusion, two hydrogen nuclei, (or, protons) collide, thus, overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between them.
As a result of this occurrence, a proton, changes into a neutron, by a process known as beta-plus decay, emitting a positron and a neutrino in the process. The second proton is unaltered. Therefore, the end products of this reaction, is a deuterium nucleus, (which is one proton and one neutron), as well as a positron, and a neutrino.
2. Deuterium Capture. In the second step, a second proton is added to the deuterium nucleus created in the first step, to create a helium-3 nucleus,[ (two protons, and one neutron). A gamma-ray photon is released by this process. This brings us on to number 3.
Helium-3 Fusion. There are two possible routes for the helium-3 nucleus, created in the step explained. These are,
Path 1. Helium-3 Fusion. When two helium-3 nuclei collide, a helium-4 nucleus (which consists of two protons, and two neutrons), are produced, along with two protons. Two protons, two gamma-ray photons, and a significant quantity of energy, are released in this process.
Path 2. Helium-3 Capture. A helium-3 nucleus captures a helium-4 nucleus, in path two, to create a beryllium-7 nucleus, which contains four protons, and three neutrons. A gamma-ray photon is released by this process.
4. Beryllium-7 Decay. A lithium-7 nucleus, (which is three protons and four neutrons), is created when the beryllium-7 nucleus, generated in Path 2, experiences beta-minus decay. An electron, an antineutrino, as well as some energy, are released in this process.
The proton-proton chain, in its entirety, consists of a succession of fusion reactions that change hydrogen atoms into helium atoms, thus releasing energy in the form of gamma-ray photons, and other particles. Our solar system receives heat and light from the Sun thanks to this amazing energy.
The lithium-7 nucleus, does not directly take part in subsequent fusion processes within the Sun after the beryllium-7 decay. As was mentioned in the earlier steps of the proton-proton chain, the primary reactions in the Sun's core, involve the fusion of protons to generate helium nuclei.
- published: 17 Jul 2023
- views: 26747
6:10
Nuclear fusion in the sun. The 4 steps from hydrogen to helium.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:10
- Uploaded Date: 09 Dec 2021
- views: 52162
The 4 reactions that, step by step, build a helium atom from four of hydrogen. How the surplus electrons are destroyed and how all of this pumps heat into the s...
The 4 reactions that, step by step, build a helium atom from four of hydrogen. How the surplus electrons are destroyed and how all of this pumps heat into the sun's core. It's known as the P-P process and it's the main way small stars produce their power.
https://wn.com/Nuclear_Fusion_In_The_Sun._The_4_Steps_From_Hydrogen_To_Helium.
The 4 reactions that, step by step, build a helium atom from four of hydrogen. How the surplus electrons are destroyed and how all of this pumps heat into the sun's core. It's known as the P-P process and it's the main way small stars produce their power.
- published: 09 Dec 2021
- views: 52162
1:07
How the Sun works: Fusion and Quantum Tunneling
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:07
- Uploaded Date: 25 Jul 2011
- views: 2052502
Now that you know about the sun, do you want to learn about quantum tunneling? http://bit.ly/p7l3gv
Sorry I'm late - I was busy working on freddiew's new vid...
Now that you know about the sun, do you want to learn about quantum tunneling? http://bit.ly/p7l3gv
Sorry I'm late - I was busy working on freddiew's new video: http://bit.ly/n73Uwj
minutephysics is now on Google+ - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6
And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics
Tweet it! - http://bit.ly/nRmI7m
Facebook it! - http://on.fb.me/nzRurH
Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
In this episode, we learn about how the sun can burn for billions of years without running out of fuel.
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder
youtube: http://bit.ly/pakJLE
myspace: http://mysp.ac/qtmZQj Created by Henry Reich
https://wn.com/How_The_Sun_Works_Fusion_And_Quantum_Tunneling
Now that you know about the sun, do you want to learn about quantum tunneling? http://bit.ly/p7l3gv
Sorry I'm late - I was busy working on freddiew's new video: http://bit.ly/n73Uwj
minutephysics is now on Google+ - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6
And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics
Tweet it! - http://bit.ly/nRmI7m
Facebook it! - http://on.fb.me/nzRurH
Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
In this episode, we learn about how the sun can burn for billions of years without running out of fuel.
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder
youtube: http://bit.ly/pakJLE
myspace: http://mysp.ac/qtmZQj Created by Henry Reich
- published: 25 Jul 2011
- views: 2052502
6:01
Where Does The Sun Get Its Energy?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:01
- Uploaded Date: 06 May 2012
- views: 1905674
The sun has been producing light for about five billion years but where does all its energy come from? The most common idea is that the sun is burning gas - lik...
The sun has been producing light for about five billion years but where does all its energy come from? The most common idea is that the sun is burning gas - like a giant fireball in the sky. If this were true, the sun would have gone out long ago. So how is the sun actually fuelling itself? It is converting its own mass into energy. By combining protons (the nucleus of hydrogen) into helium, it squeezes some mass into energy - 4.3 billion kg per second. It is Einstein's famous E=mc^2 which gives us the quantitative relationship between mass and energy, where c is the speed of light.
https://wn.com/Where_Does_The_Sun_Get_Its_Energy
The sun has been producing light for about five billion years but where does all its energy come from? The most common idea is that the sun is burning gas - like a giant fireball in the sky. If this were true, the sun would have gone out long ago. So how is the sun actually fuelling itself? It is converting its own mass into energy. By combining protons (the nucleus of hydrogen) into helium, it squeezes some mass into energy - 4.3 billion kg per second. It is Einstein's famous E=mc^2 which gives us the quantitative relationship between mass and energy, where c is the speed of light.
- published: 06 May 2012
- views: 1905674
16:33
Why Does the SUN SHINE? The Quantum Mechanical Reason!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:33
- Uploaded Date: 17 Apr 2021
- views: 287279
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. Magellan...
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech
Why does the sun shine? Why doesn't it burn out? How long will its fuel last? To a scientist living in the 18th century, he might have compared it to a log in a fireplace. When wood burns it releases about 1 ten-millionth of a trillionth of a watt per atom.
0:00 Sun's energy
5:00 How fusion happens
7:19 Quantum tunneling
8:25 Fusion chart
9:51 Where energy comes from
12:39 Why Helium is more stable
15:14 Future of sun
The mass of the sun was well understood, and translates to about 10^57 atoms. This leads to a lifetime of the sun of about 20,000 years. But we know the sun is at least 4.5 billion years old. So where does the sun's energy come from? from: E=MC^2, which tells us that energy and mass are equivalent. If the sun could convert all its mass 2 x 10^30 kg to energy, it would burn for 15 trillion years!
But the sun doesn’t convert all its energy to mass. It converts only about 0.7 percent of its mass to energy in a process called fusion. This is when 4 hydrogen atoms fuse to form one helium atom. And using this process, the sun will last approximately, 10 billion years. It is already middle aged.
So how does fusion work? You would think that since the protons that make up the nuclei of the 4 hydrogen atoms are positively charged, they would repel each other. This is true, due to the coulomb force. This is what keeps atoms from spontaneously fusing.
The protons have to overcome an energy barrier. Once they get over this barrier, and get very close to each other, the strong nuclear force takes over and glues them together.
The strong nuclear force is about 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic force pushing protons apart, but it acts at only a very short range – about the width of the proton. So how do the protons get close enough for this to happen?
Inside stars extreme temperature, about 15 million degrees Celsius, rips atoms into their components: protons, neutrons and electrons. Extreme pressures also force these components to be close together. This gets fusion started, but to keep things going, the sun uses quantum tunneling. This is due to the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics.
In the hydrogen to helium fusion process, first two protons fuse. Usually, the pair breaks apart again immediately, but once in a while one of the protons is transmuted into a neutron. This happens due to the weak nuclear force in a process called beta decay. A neutron turns into a proton by releasing a positron (anti-electron) and a neutrino. The resulting proton-neutron pair is deuterium.
When the positron emitted from the beta decay encounters its antiparticle (an electron), the pair annihilates to form a gamma ray, which is the most energetic form of photons. Gamma rays eventually work their way up from the core of the sun and out into space in the form of sunlight. The deuterium nuclei can merge to form helium nuclei (He-4), or they can interact with other protons to make another isotope of helium (He-3). Two He-3 nuclei can fuse to make an unstable beryllium nucleus (Be-6) that breaks apart to give He-4 and two protons. Energy is released at each step.
So overall, we start with 4 hydrogen nuclei, or 4 protons, and end up one Helium nucleus, or 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This is really a fusion of our 4 original protons. Two of them have just transmuted to neutrons in a beta decay.
Energy comes from mass being converted to energy. 2 neutrons and 2 neutrons separately weigh more than when they are together, about 0.7% more. And this difference is responsible for nearly all the energy that you see coming from the sun.
Helium has higher binding energy than Hydrogen, which is the amount of energy needed to pull the nucleons apart. Hydrogen has zero binding energy because there is only one proton in the nucleus. There is nothing to pull it apart from. The difference in binding energy between Helium and hydrogen is the source of the energy released in the fusion process.
Why are the 4 nucleons of helium more stable together than when they are separated apart? Most of the mass does not come from the Higgs field. Only about 1% of the mass is due to the Higgs field. 99% comes from the strong force. The energy required to keep protons and neutrons bound together and keep the quarks bound to within the nucleon is where most of the mass of objects is located.
#fusion #sun #quantumphysics
The helium atom with 4 nucleons is more stable than the nucleons on their own. That is the quantum mechanical explanation of why the sun shines.
OUTRO: "Mysterious synth drum beat" by Nicolas Antwi, BMI
https://wn.com/Why_Does_The_Sun_Shine_The_Quantum_Mechanical_Reason
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech
Why does the sun shine? Why doesn't it burn out? How long will its fuel last? To a scientist living in the 18th century, he might have compared it to a log in a fireplace. When wood burns it releases about 1 ten-millionth of a trillionth of a watt per atom.
0:00 Sun's energy
5:00 How fusion happens
7:19 Quantum tunneling
8:25 Fusion chart
9:51 Where energy comes from
12:39 Why Helium is more stable
15:14 Future of sun
The mass of the sun was well understood, and translates to about 10^57 atoms. This leads to a lifetime of the sun of about 20,000 years. But we know the sun is at least 4.5 billion years old. So where does the sun's energy come from? from: E=MC^2, which tells us that energy and mass are equivalent. If the sun could convert all its mass 2 x 10^30 kg to energy, it would burn for 15 trillion years!
But the sun doesn’t convert all its energy to mass. It converts only about 0.7 percent of its mass to energy in a process called fusion. This is when 4 hydrogen atoms fuse to form one helium atom. And using this process, the sun will last approximately, 10 billion years. It is already middle aged.
So how does fusion work? You would think that since the protons that make up the nuclei of the 4 hydrogen atoms are positively charged, they would repel each other. This is true, due to the coulomb force. This is what keeps atoms from spontaneously fusing.
The protons have to overcome an energy barrier. Once they get over this barrier, and get very close to each other, the strong nuclear force takes over and glues them together.
The strong nuclear force is about 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic force pushing protons apart, but it acts at only a very short range – about the width of the proton. So how do the protons get close enough for this to happen?
Inside stars extreme temperature, about 15 million degrees Celsius, rips atoms into their components: protons, neutrons and electrons. Extreme pressures also force these components to be close together. This gets fusion started, but to keep things going, the sun uses quantum tunneling. This is due to the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics.
In the hydrogen to helium fusion process, first two protons fuse. Usually, the pair breaks apart again immediately, but once in a while one of the protons is transmuted into a neutron. This happens due to the weak nuclear force in a process called beta decay. A neutron turns into a proton by releasing a positron (anti-electron) and a neutrino. The resulting proton-neutron pair is deuterium.
When the positron emitted from the beta decay encounters its antiparticle (an electron), the pair annihilates to form a gamma ray, which is the most energetic form of photons. Gamma rays eventually work their way up from the core of the sun and out into space in the form of sunlight. The deuterium nuclei can merge to form helium nuclei (He-4), or they can interact with other protons to make another isotope of helium (He-3). Two He-3 nuclei can fuse to make an unstable beryllium nucleus (Be-6) that breaks apart to give He-4 and two protons. Energy is released at each step.
So overall, we start with 4 hydrogen nuclei, or 4 protons, and end up one Helium nucleus, or 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This is really a fusion of our 4 original protons. Two of them have just transmuted to neutrons in a beta decay.
Energy comes from mass being converted to energy. 2 neutrons and 2 neutrons separately weigh more than when they are together, about 0.7% more. And this difference is responsible for nearly all the energy that you see coming from the sun.
Helium has higher binding energy than Hydrogen, which is the amount of energy needed to pull the nucleons apart. Hydrogen has zero binding energy because there is only one proton in the nucleus. There is nothing to pull it apart from. The difference in binding energy between Helium and hydrogen is the source of the energy released in the fusion process.
Why are the 4 nucleons of helium more stable together than when they are separated apart? Most of the mass does not come from the Higgs field. Only about 1% of the mass is due to the Higgs field. 99% comes from the strong force. The energy required to keep protons and neutrons bound together and keep the quarks bound to within the nucleon is where most of the mass of objects is located.
#fusion #sun #quantumphysics
The helium atom with 4 nucleons is more stable than the nucleons on their own. That is the quantum mechanical explanation of why the sun shines.
OUTRO: "Mysterious synth drum beat" by Nicolas Antwi, BMI
- published: 17 Apr 2021
- views: 287279
2:07
Sun Fusion Power!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Uploaded Date: 08 Oct 2019
- views: 3531
The sun is an incredible powerful star. How powerful? Check it out here! You'll be left #MINDBLOWN! 💥
For more amazing content like this, download the Discovery...
The sun is an incredible powerful star. How powerful? Check it out here! You'll be left #MINDBLOWN! 💥
For more amazing content like this, download the Discovery #MINDBLOWN app on at the App Store and on Google Play!
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https://wn.com/Sun_Fusion_Power
The sun is an incredible powerful star. How powerful? Check it out here! You'll be left #MINDBLOWN! 💥
For more amazing content like this, download the Discovery #MINDBLOWN app on at the App Store and on Google Play!
App Store:
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/discovery-mindblown/id1410837739?mt=8
Google Play:
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- published: 08 Oct 2019
- views: 3531
6:16
Fusion Power Explained – Future or Failure
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:16
- Uploaded Date: 10 Nov 2016
- views: 14347305
How does Fusion Energy work and is it a good idea?
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How does Fusion Energy work and is it a good idea?
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- published: 10 Nov 2016
- views: 14347305
3:31:50
Sun Premier League Season 19 || Fusion Cricket Culb Vs Deccan Wildfires || League Match 11743299
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31:50
- Uploaded Date: 08 Jul 2024
- views: 513
Sun Premier League Season 19 || Fusion Cricket Culb Vs Deccan Wildfires || League Match 11743299
Sun Premier League Season 19 || Fusion Cricket Culb Vs Deccan Wildfires || League Match 11743299
https://wn.com/Sun_Premier_League_Season_19_||_Fusion_Cricket_Culb_Vs_Deccan_Wildfires_||_League_Match_11743299
Sun Premier League Season 19 || Fusion Cricket Culb Vs Deccan Wildfires || League Match 11743299
- published: 08 Jul 2024
- views: 513
13:33
How Does Fusion Produce Energy?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:33
- Uploaded Date: 30 Apr 2023
- views: 259050
What exactly are the mechanisms holding atoms together and why does bringing them together create energy?
-------------------------------------------------
Re...
What exactly are the mechanisms holding atoms together and why does bringing them together create energy?
-------------------------------------------------
Relevant Papers:
On the Mechanism of Nucleon-Nucleon Attraction by Pion Exchange - https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2018.98090
A reappraisal of the mechanism of pion exchange and its implications for the teaching of particle physics - https://hst-archive.web.cern.ch/archiv/HST2002/feynman/Pion%20exchange.pdf
Origin and properties of strong inter-nucleon interactions - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.0103.pdf
FUSION POWER BY MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT PROGRAM PLAN VOL I - https://fire.pppl.gov/us_fusion_plan_1976.pdf
Kinetic Energy to Temperatue - https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1OfwMiHkUZzi_M8BbygHnJ4zlVu3h5pnP?usp=sharing
https://wn.com/How_Does_Fusion_Produce_Energy
What exactly are the mechanisms holding atoms together and why does bringing them together create energy?
-------------------------------------------------
Relevant Papers:
On the Mechanism of Nucleon-Nucleon Attraction by Pion Exchange - https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2018.98090
A reappraisal of the mechanism of pion exchange and its implications for the teaching of particle physics - https://hst-archive.web.cern.ch/archiv/HST2002/feynman/Pion%20exchange.pdf
Origin and properties of strong inter-nucleon interactions - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.0103.pdf
FUSION POWER BY MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT PROGRAM PLAN VOL I - https://fire.pppl.gov/us_fusion_plan_1976.pdf
Kinetic Energy to Temperatue - https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1OfwMiHkUZzi_M8BbygHnJ4zlVu3h5pnP?usp=sharing
- published: 30 Apr 2023
- views: 259050
2:00
How Does Fusion Power the Sun?
The Sun contains 99.8 percent of all matter in the solar system. Under crushing pressure a...
published: 04 May 2015
How Does Fusion Power the Sun?
How Does Fusion Power the Sun?
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- published: 04 May 2015
- views: 649778
The Sun contains 99.8 percent of all matter in the solar system. Under crushing pressure and extreme temperatures generated by gravity, the violent process of nuclear fusion powers the tremendous energy output of the sun. | http://science.discovery.com/tv-shows/how-the-universe-works/
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3:37
Nuclear Fusion, How the Sun's energy is produced. Explained Simply
Let's take a look, at the nuclear fusion process, that naturally occurs in the sun, and th...
published: 17 Jul 2023
Nuclear Fusion, How the Sun's energy is produced. Explained Simply
Nuclear Fusion, How the Sun's energy is produced. Explained Simply
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- published: 17 Jul 2023
- views: 26747
Let's take a look, at the nuclear fusion process, that naturally occurs in the sun, and the stars, in our truly magnificent universe.
Nuclear fusion is the main method used to produce energy in the Sun. Extremely high temperatures, and pressures, inside the Sun's core, provide a setting that is ideal for fusion. The proton-proton chain, is a common name for the fusion process that occurs in the Sun.
Here are the basic steps of the proton-proton chain.
1. Proton-Proton Fusion. In the first step of proton-proton fusion, two hydrogen nuclei, (or, protons) collide, thus, overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between them.
As a result of this occurrence, a proton, changes into a neutron, by a process known as beta-plus decay, emitting a positron and a neutrino in the process. The second proton is unaltered. Therefore, the end products of this reaction, is a deuterium nucleus, (which is one proton and one neutron), as well as a positron, and a neutrino.
2. Deuterium Capture. In the second step, a second proton is added to the deuterium nucleus created in the first step, to create a helium-3 nucleus,[ (two protons, and one neutron). A gamma-ray photon is released by this process. This brings us on to number 3.
Helium-3 Fusion. There are two possible routes for the helium-3 nucleus, created in the step explained. These are,
Path 1. Helium-3 Fusion. When two helium-3 nuclei collide, a helium-4 nucleus (which consists of two protons, and two neutrons), are produced, along with two protons. Two protons, two gamma-ray photons, and a significant quantity of energy, are released in this process.
Path 2. Helium-3 Capture. A helium-3 nucleus captures a helium-4 nucleus, in path two, to create a beryllium-7 nucleus, which contains four protons, and three neutrons. A gamma-ray photon is released by this process.
4. Beryllium-7 Decay. A lithium-7 nucleus, (which is three protons and four neutrons), is created when the beryllium-7 nucleus, generated in Path 2, experiences beta-minus decay. An electron, an antineutrino, as well as some energy, are released in this process.
The proton-proton chain, in its entirety, consists of a succession of fusion reactions that change hydrogen atoms into helium atoms, thus releasing energy in the form of gamma-ray photons, and other particles. Our solar system receives heat and light from the Sun thanks to this amazing energy.
The lithium-7 nucleus, does not directly take part in subsequent fusion processes within the Sun after the beryllium-7 decay. As was mentioned in the earlier steps of the proton-proton chain, the primary reactions in the Sun's core, involve the fusion of protons to generate helium nuclei.
6:10
Nuclear fusion in the sun. The 4 steps from hydrogen to helium.
The 4 reactions that, step by step, build a helium atom from four of hydrogen. How the sur...
published: 09 Dec 2021
Nuclear fusion in the sun. The 4 steps from hydrogen to helium.
Nuclear fusion in the sun. The 4 steps from hydrogen to helium.
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- published: 09 Dec 2021
- views: 52162
The 4 reactions that, step by step, build a helium atom from four of hydrogen. How the surplus electrons are destroyed and how all of this pumps heat into the sun's core. It's known as the P-P process and it's the main way small stars produce their power.
1:07
How the Sun works: Fusion and Quantum Tunneling
Now that you know about the sun, do you want to learn about quantum tunneling? http://bit....
published: 25 Jul 2011
How the Sun works: Fusion and Quantum Tunneling
How the Sun works: Fusion and Quantum Tunneling
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- published: 25 Jul 2011
- views: 2052502
Now that you know about the sun, do you want to learn about quantum tunneling? http://bit.ly/p7l3gv
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Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
In this episode, we learn about how the sun can burn for billions of years without running out of fuel.
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6:01
Where Does The Sun Get Its Energy?
The sun has been producing light for about five billion years but where does all its energ...
published: 06 May 2012
Where Does The Sun Get Its Energy?
Where Does The Sun Get Its Energy?
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- published: 06 May 2012
- views: 1905674
The sun has been producing light for about five billion years but where does all its energy come from? The most common idea is that the sun is burning gas - like a giant fireball in the sky. If this were true, the sun would have gone out long ago. So how is the sun actually fuelling itself? It is converting its own mass into energy. By combining protons (the nucleus of hydrogen) into helium, it squeezes some mass into energy - 4.3 billion kg per second. It is Einstein's famous E=mc^2 which gives us the quantitative relationship between mass and energy, where c is the speed of light.
16:33
Why Does the SUN SHINE? The Quantum Mechanical Reason!
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an ...
published: 17 Apr 2021
Why Does the SUN SHINE? The Quantum Mechanical Reason!
Why Does the SUN SHINE? The Quantum Mechanical Reason!
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- published: 17 Apr 2021
- views: 287279
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech
Why does the sun shine? Why doesn't it burn out? How long will its fuel last? To a scientist living in the 18th century, he might have compared it to a log in a fireplace. When wood burns it releases about 1 ten-millionth of a trillionth of a watt per atom.
0:00 Sun's energy
5:00 How fusion happens
7:19 Quantum tunneling
8:25 Fusion chart
9:51 Where energy comes from
12:39 Why Helium is more stable
15:14 Future of sun
The mass of the sun was well understood, and translates to about 10^57 atoms. This leads to a lifetime of the sun of about 20,000 years. But we know the sun is at least 4.5 billion years old. So where does the sun's energy come from? from: E=MC^2, which tells us that energy and mass are equivalent. If the sun could convert all its mass 2 x 10^30 kg to energy, it would burn for 15 trillion years!
But the sun doesn’t convert all its energy to mass. It converts only about 0.7 percent of its mass to energy in a process called fusion. This is when 4 hydrogen atoms fuse to form one helium atom. And using this process, the sun will last approximately, 10 billion years. It is already middle aged.
So how does fusion work? You would think that since the protons that make up the nuclei of the 4 hydrogen atoms are positively charged, they would repel each other. This is true, due to the coulomb force. This is what keeps atoms from spontaneously fusing.
The protons have to overcome an energy barrier. Once they get over this barrier, and get very close to each other, the strong nuclear force takes over and glues them together.
The strong nuclear force is about 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic force pushing protons apart, but it acts at only a very short range – about the width of the proton. So how do the protons get close enough for this to happen?
Inside stars extreme temperature, about 15 million degrees Celsius, rips atoms into their components: protons, neutrons and electrons. Extreme pressures also force these components to be close together. This gets fusion started, but to keep things going, the sun uses quantum tunneling. This is due to the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics.
In the hydrogen to helium fusion process, first two protons fuse. Usually, the pair breaks apart again immediately, but once in a while one of the protons is transmuted into a neutron. This happens due to the weak nuclear force in a process called beta decay. A neutron turns into a proton by releasing a positron (anti-electron) and a neutrino. The resulting proton-neutron pair is deuterium.
When the positron emitted from the beta decay encounters its antiparticle (an electron), the pair annihilates to form a gamma ray, which is the most energetic form of photons. Gamma rays eventually work their way up from the core of the sun and out into space in the form of sunlight. The deuterium nuclei can merge to form helium nuclei (He-4), or they can interact with other protons to make another isotope of helium (He-3). Two He-3 nuclei can fuse to make an unstable beryllium nucleus (Be-6) that breaks apart to give He-4 and two protons. Energy is released at each step.
So overall, we start with 4 hydrogen nuclei, or 4 protons, and end up one Helium nucleus, or 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This is really a fusion of our 4 original protons. Two of them have just transmuted to neutrons in a beta decay.
Energy comes from mass being converted to energy. 2 neutrons and 2 neutrons separately weigh more than when they are together, about 0.7% more. And this difference is responsible for nearly all the energy that you see coming from the sun.
Helium has higher binding energy than Hydrogen, which is the amount of energy needed to pull the nucleons apart. Hydrogen has zero binding energy because there is only one proton in the nucleus. There is nothing to pull it apart from. The difference in binding energy between Helium and hydrogen is the source of the energy released in the fusion process.
Why are the 4 nucleons of helium more stable together than when they are separated apart? Most of the mass does not come from the Higgs field. Only about 1% of the mass is due to the Higgs field. 99% comes from the strong force. The energy required to keep protons and neutrons bound together and keep the quarks bound to within the nucleon is where most of the mass of objects is located.
#fusion #sun #quantumphysics
The helium atom with 4 nucleons is more stable than the nucleons on their own. That is the quantum mechanical explanation of why the sun shines.
OUTRO: "Mysterious synth drum beat" by Nicolas Antwi, BMI
2:07
Sun Fusion Power!
The sun is an incredible powerful star. How powerful? Check it out here! You'll be left #M...
published: 08 Oct 2019
Sun Fusion Power!
Sun Fusion Power!
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- published: 08 Oct 2019
- views: 3531
The sun is an incredible powerful star. How powerful? Check it out here! You'll be left #MINDBLOWN! 💥
For more amazing content like this, download the Discovery #MINDBLOWN app on at the App Store and on Google Play!
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https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/discovery-mindblown/id1410837739?mt=8
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https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.discovery.mindblown&hl=en_US
6:16
Fusion Power Explained – Future or Failure
How does Fusion Energy work and is it a good idea?
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published: 10 Nov 2016
Fusion Power Explained – Future or Failure
Fusion Power Explained – Future or Failure
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How does Fusion Energy work and is it a good idea?
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Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons from http://kgs.link/patreon who support us every month and made this video possible:
Sergio Galashyn, Stephen Ramwell, Mike Szörnyi, Daniel Stanley, William Harrison, Bosse25cm, Proto Sac, SH, Karp The Mad, Ryan Webster, Ugûr Yilmaz, Linden Mueller-Wong, Gleb Pereyaslavsky, Benjamin Noggle, Michael white, Jimmy Noter, Tanner Hicks, Cheng Chua, Vadim Moskalenko, Victor Labiles, Sean Esopenko, Matt Meadows, Louige Oliver, XEridaniTribalX, Gemma Toner, Thomas Boogert, Steven Brunwasser, Robert G, Tadhg O’Higgings, Miles Webb, Danni, Fabrizio Rocca, Vaclav Vyskocil, Lukas Dvoracek, Jack Burke, James Runswick, Anders Grahn, Luis Alonzo, Fabiola Garay, Matthew Waddell, Evgeni Kuneva, Russel Myers, Mohamed Almatroushi, Hemelton el Capitan, Tri Nguyen, Anton Gres, Jeremy Mint, Robert Brown, Ernest Ho, Pauilius Mikulskis, Nicolas Villanueva, Chris Roadfeldt, Joshua Mitchell, tuo tsui, Andrzej Pa, Chris Connett, Dani Donovan, Yves Guillon Khoy, OSW Review, Stephan Huerholz, Moritz Lesche, Anat Tenenbaum, Martin Kärgell, Taylor Cox, Rainer Wagner, Patrick Sweetman, Julia Casey, Jonas Gößling, Marco Moretti
Help us caption & translate this video!
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3:31:50
Sun Premier League Season 19 || Fusion Cricket Culb Vs Deccan Wildfires || League Match 11743299
Sun Premier League Season 19 || Fusion Cricket Culb Vs Deccan Wildfires || League Match 11...
published: 08 Jul 2024
Sun Premier League Season 19 || Fusion Cricket Culb Vs Deccan Wildfires || League Match 11743299
Sun Premier League Season 19 || Fusion Cricket Culb Vs Deccan Wildfires || League Match 11743299
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- published: 08 Jul 2024
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Sun Premier League Season 19 || Fusion Cricket Culb Vs Deccan Wildfires || League Match 11743299
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How Does Fusion Produce Energy?
What exactly are the mechanisms holding atoms together and why does bringing them together...
published: 30 Apr 2023
How Does Fusion Produce Energy?
How Does Fusion Produce Energy?
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- published: 30 Apr 2023
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What exactly are the mechanisms holding atoms together and why does bringing them together create energy?
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Relevant Papers:
On the Mechanism of Nucleon-Nucleon Attraction by Pion Exchange - https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2018.98090
A reappraisal of the mechanism of pion exchange and its implications for the teaching of particle physics - https://hst-archive.web.cern.ch/archiv/HST2002/feynman/Pion%20exchange.pdf
Origin and properties of strong inter-nucleon interactions - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.0103.pdf
FUSION POWER BY MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT PROGRAM PLAN VOL I - https://fire.pppl.gov/us_fusion_plan_1976.pdf
Kinetic Energy to Temperatue - https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1OfwMiHkUZzi_M8BbygHnJ4zlVu3h5pnP?usp=sharing
Sun
The Sun (in Greek: Helios, in Latin: Sol) is the star at the center of the Solar System and is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. It is a nearly perfect spherical ball of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process. Its diameter is about 109 times that of Earth, and it has a mass about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen; the rest is mostly helium, with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon and iron.
The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (G2V) based on spectral class and it is informally referred to as a yellow dwarf. It formed approximately 4.567 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of matter within a region of a large molecular cloud. Most of this matter gathered in the center, whereas the rest flattened into an orbiting disk that became the Solar System. The central mass became increasingly hot and dense, eventually initiating nuclear fusion in its core. It is thought that almost all stars form by this process.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Sun
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The Sun
by: XperienceThe sunrise in the east
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