- published: 16 Sep 2016
- views: 50
Elvira of Castile, Queen of Sicily
Elvira of Castile (c. 1100 – 8 February 1135) was the first Queen of Sicily.
Background and upbringing
She was a daughter of Alfonso VI of Castile by his fourth queen, Isabella (perhaps identical to the Moslem convert Zaida of Seville, baptized as Isabel, who had been Alfonso's mistress). Elvira was raised in Toledo, so she must have been accustomed to a significant level of convivencia, which was present in Sicily as well.
Marriage
Elvira married Roger II of Sicily in 1117. In 1130, she became queen of Sicily when her husband had himself crowned king. She bore Roger five sons and one daughter by 1135.
In 1135, both Roger and Elvira fell ill. The illness was grave and infectious. Roger survived, but Elvira did not. Roger remained a widower for fifteen years and remarried only when four out of five of his sons with Elvira died.
Issue
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Elvira_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Sicily
Elvira of Castile, Countess of Toulouse
Elvira of Castile (before 1082?-1151) was the illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VI of León and Castile, by his mistress Jimena Muñoz, and full sister of Theresa, Countess of Portugal. She married, firstly, Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse in 1094, being mother of count Alfonso Jordan.
Elvira accompanied Raymond on the First Crusade in 1096, and was present at the siege of Tripoli, where she gave birth to their son. It appears that the couple separated before the death of Raymond.
Elvira returned to Castile. Her son became the monarch of Tripoli upon the death of Raymond in 1105, but Elvira is not mentioned as present in Tripoli. In Castile, before 1117, she married Count Fernando Fernández de Carrión, having three additional children: Diego, García and Teresa Fernández, who was a wife of Count Osorio Martínez.
Notes
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Elvira_of_Castile,_Countess_of_Toulouse
Elvira of Castile
Elvira of Castile may refer to:
See also
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Elvira_of_Castile
Elvira of Castile, Queen of León
Elvira García (c. 978–1017), daughter of García Fernández, count of Castile, and his wife Ava of Ribagorza, Queen Consort of Leon as the wife of King Bermudo II, and co-regent, after her husband's death, jointly with Count Menendo González, during the minority of her son Infante Alfonso, future King Alfonso V.
Biographical sketch
Although the year of her birth is not documented, she must have been born shortly before or after 978 since she does not appear with her older sisters, Urraca and Toda, in the foundational charter of the Infantado of Covarrubias in November 24 of that year. Her husband, Bermudo II of León was her first cousin, if Bermudo's debated filiation as the son of Queen Urraca Fernández is correct.
The marriage was celebrated near the end of November 991 and both appear together confirming royal charters as of 992. The marriage, which took place after Bermudo repudiated his first wife, Velasquita Ramírez between 988 and 991, sealed an alliance between the Kingdom of León and the County of Castile which significantly strengthened the Leonese crown.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Elvira_of_Castile,_Queen_of_León
Podcasts:
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Elvira of Castile, Queen of León
Video Software we use: https://amzn.to/2KpdCQF Ad-free videos. You can support us by purchasing something through our Amazon-Url, thanks :) Elvira García , daughter of García Fernández, count of Castile, and his wife Ava of Ribagorza, Queen Consort of Leon as the wife of King Bermudo II, and co-regent, after her husband's death, jointly with Count Menendo González, during the minority of her son Infante Alfonso, future King Alfonso V. This channel is dedicated to make Wikipedia, one of the biggest knowledge databases in the world available to people with limited vision. Article available under a Creative Commons license Image source in video
published: 16 Sep 2016 -
On Sicily Podcast Margaret Queen of Sicily
At 31 years old, Margaret of Navarre was the most powerful woman in Europe and the Mediterranean, and she successfully navigated the Kingdom of Sicily from 1166 to 1171, maintaining the progressive constitutional laws her father-in-law, Roger II, had established. Yet until now, historians barely mention her. Experience Sicily’s Owner/Curator Allison Scola presents Conversations On Sicily, a series of in-depth discussions with our friends and colleagues in Sicily. This episode features historian, author, and expert tour guide Jacqueline Alio. This is a podcast, intended for listening.
published: 16 May 2020 -
El Cid and the First Crusade - Part 1 of 4: The Cid as Prince of Valencia
The histories of El Cid and the First Crusade run almost parallel. In this documentary series, we'll take a look at the final years of El Cid, the most remarkable warrior of medieval Spain. It was during the the late eleventh century that El Cid achieved his most outstanding victories, including the conquest of Valencia. We'll also look at the dramatic history of the First Crusade, starting with Pope Urban II's speech at Claremont - the most impactful speech in history. Watch episode 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF7KadgEklM Get my book about the Crusades: http://www.amazon.com/Why-Does-Heathen-Rage-Crusades/dp/152395762X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1461105827&sr=8-1&keywords=why+does+the+heathen+rage Support my work on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/RealCrusadesHistory Written by J ...
published: 16 Jan 2021 -
History of Spain
The history of Spain dates back to the Antiquity when the pre-Roman peoples of the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula made contact with the Greeks and Phoenicians and the first writing systems known as Paleohispanic scripts were developed. In 1516, Habsburg Spain unified a number of disparate predecessor kingdoms; its modern form of a constitutional monarchy was introduced in 1813, and the current democratic constitution dates to 1978. After the completion of the Reconquista, the Crown of Castile began to explore across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, expanding into the New World and marking the beginning of the Golden Age under the Spanish Empire. The kingdoms of Spain were united under Habsburg rule in 1516, that unified the Crown of Castile, the Crown of Aragon and smaller kingdom...
published: 24 Jun 2021 -
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia au...
published: 24 Nov 2018 -
Roger II of Sicily
Video Software we use: https://amzn.to/2KpdCQF Ad-free videos. You can support us by purchasing something through our Amazon-Url, thanks :) Roger II was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon.He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, became Duke of Apulia and Calabria in 1127, and then King of Sicily in 1130.By the time of his death at the age of 58, Roger had succeeded in uniting all the Norman conquests in Italy into one kingdom with a strong centralized government. ---Image-Copyright-and-Permission--- About the author(s): MapMaster License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (CC-BY-SA-3.0) Author(s): MapMaster (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:MapMaster) ---Image-Copyright-and-Permission--- This channel is dedicated to make Wi...
published: 16 Sep 2016 -
Umayyad interventions
This is episode 45 called Umayyad interventions and in this episode you will learn: SHOW NOTES - A brief overview of the history of Catalonia of the 950s and 960s - Muslim expeditions against the Kingdom of León during the reign of Ordoño III - The Umayyad interventions in North Africa and Umayyad-Fatimid conflict in the 950s - Civil war during the reign of Ordoño III of León and its aftermath - The coup d’état against Sancho the Fat - The trip of Toda of Pamplona and Sancho the Fat to Córdoba to ask for the help of Abd al-Rahman III - The Umayyad-Christian coalition to depose Ordoño IV of León - The legacy of Abd al-Rahman III - The humiliating audience of Ordoño IV with al-Hakam II of Córdoba - The failed Christian anti-Cordoban coalition and the succession of Sancho the Fat - A reflect...
published: 12 Oct 2020 -
Kingdom of Navarre | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Kingdom of Navarre 00:02:21 1 Etymology 00:03:16 2 Early historic background 00:10:08 3 Nascent state and kingdom 00:10:17 3.1 Establishment by Iñigo Arista 00:13:42 3.2 Jiménez rule 00:21:39 3.3 Ecclesiastical affairs 00:22:53 4 Dismemberment 00:23:01 4.1 Division of Sancho's domains 00:24:38 4.2 Partition and union with Aragon 00:28:56 4.3 Restoration and the loss of western Navarre 00:34:47 5 Navarre in the Late Middle Ages 00:34:57 5.1 Rule by Champagne and France 00:37:39 5.2 Navarre under the Foix and Albret dynasties 00:44:05 5.3 Spanish conquest 00:47:33 5.4 Independent Navarre north of the Pyrenees 00:50:02 6 The crown and the kingdom: A constitutional foundation 00:52:06 7 Later history and the end of the ifueros/i 00:54:58...
published: 07 Dec 2018
developed with YouTube
7:19
Elvira of Castile, Queen of León
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:19
- Uploaded Date: 16 Sep 2016
- views: 50
Video Software we use: https://amzn.to/2KpdCQF
Ad-free videos.
You can support us by purchasing something through our Amazon-Url, thanks :)
Elvira García , dau...
Video Software we use: https://amzn.to/2KpdCQF
Ad-free videos.
You can support us by purchasing something through our Amazon-Url, thanks :)
Elvira García , daughter of García Fernández, count of Castile, and his wife Ava of Ribagorza, Queen Consort of Leon as the wife of King Bermudo II, and co-regent, after her husband's death, jointly with Count Menendo González, during the minority of her son Infante Alfonso, future King Alfonso V.
This channel is dedicated to make Wikipedia, one of the biggest knowledge databases in the world available to people with limited vision.
Article available under a Creative Commons license
Image source in video
https://wn.com/Elvira_Of_Castile,_Queen_Of_León
Video Software we use: https://amzn.to/2KpdCQF
Ad-free videos.
You can support us by purchasing something through our Amazon-Url, thanks :)
Elvira García , daughter of García Fernández, count of Castile, and his wife Ava of Ribagorza, Queen Consort of Leon as the wife of King Bermudo II, and co-regent, after her husband's death, jointly with Count Menendo González, during the minority of her son Infante Alfonso, future King Alfonso V.
This channel is dedicated to make Wikipedia, one of the biggest knowledge databases in the world available to people with limited vision.
Article available under a Creative Commons license
Image source in video
33:36
On Sicily Podcast Margaret Queen of Sicily
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 33:36
- Uploaded Date: 16 May 2020
- views: 150
At 31 years old, Margaret of Navarre was the most powerful woman in Europe and the Mediterranean, and she successfully navigated the Kingdom of Sicily from 1166...
At 31 years old, Margaret of Navarre was the most powerful woman in Europe and the Mediterranean, and she successfully navigated the Kingdom of Sicily from 1166 to 1171, maintaining the progressive constitutional laws her father-in-law, Roger II, had established. Yet until now, historians barely mention her.
Experience Sicily’s Owner/Curator Allison Scola presents Conversations On Sicily, a series of in-depth discussions with our friends and colleagues in Sicily. This episode features historian, author, and expert tour guide Jacqueline Alio.
This is a podcast, intended for listening.
https://wn.com/On_Sicily_Podcast_Margaret_Queen_Of_Sicily
At 31 years old, Margaret of Navarre was the most powerful woman in Europe and the Mediterranean, and she successfully navigated the Kingdom of Sicily from 1166 to 1171, maintaining the progressive constitutional laws her father-in-law, Roger II, had established. Yet until now, historians barely mention her.
Experience Sicily’s Owner/Curator Allison Scola presents Conversations On Sicily, a series of in-depth discussions with our friends and colleagues in Sicily. This episode features historian, author, and expert tour guide Jacqueline Alio.
This is a podcast, intended for listening.
- published: 16 May 2020
- views: 150
15:18
El Cid and the First Crusade - Part 1 of 4: The Cid as Prince of Valencia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:18
- Uploaded Date: 16 Jan 2021
- views: 21655
The histories of El Cid and the First Crusade run almost parallel. In this documentary series, we'll take a look at the final years of El Cid, the most remarkab...
The histories of El Cid and the First Crusade run almost parallel. In this documentary series, we'll take a look at the final years of El Cid, the most remarkable warrior of medieval Spain. It was during the the late eleventh century that El Cid achieved his most outstanding victories, including the conquest of Valencia. We'll also look at the dramatic history of the First Crusade, starting with Pope Urban II's speech at Claremont - the most impactful speech in history.
Watch episode 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF7KadgEklM
Get my book about the Crusades:
http://www.amazon.com/Why-Does-Heathen-Rage-Crusades/dp/152395762X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1461105827&sr=8-1&keywords=why+does+the+heathen+rage
Support my work on Patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/RealCrusadesHistory
Written by J Stephen Roberts. Visuals edited and created by OtherRealm Productions (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChFn36Efwnixq3hdilJ6EWA)
Featuring visuals from Medieval Kingdoms 1212 AD, a mod for Total War: Attila.
Sources:
-Arab Historians of the Crusades, trans. Francesco Gabrieli, (Barnes and Noble Books, 1993)
-Asbridge, Thomas - The First Crusade: A New History, (Oxford, 2004)
-Clissold, Stephen - In Search of the Cid, (Hodder and Stoughton, 1965)
-Fletcher, Richard - The Quest for El Cid, (Oxford University, 1991)
-Melville, Charles; Ubaydli, Ahmad - Christians and Moors in Spain: Vol. 3 (Arabic Sources), (Liverpool University, 1992)
-Peters, Edward - The First Crusade: Fulcher of Chartres and Other Sources Materials, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998)
-Robert the Monk - History of the First Crusade, trans. Carol Sweetenham, (Ashgate, 2006)
-Smith, Colin - Christians and Moors in Spain: Vol. 1 (AD 711-1150), (Liverpool University, 1988)
-Tyerman, Christopher - God’s War, (Harvard University Press, 2006)
-World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest, trans. Simon Barton and Richard Fletcher, (Manchester, 2000)
#ElCid #FirstCrusade #MedievalHistory
Music credits:
Heavy Interlude by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100515 Artist: http://incompetech.com/
Video Game Soldiers by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://www.twinmusicom.org/song/295/video-game-soldiers Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org
https://wn.com/El_Cid_And_The_First_Crusade_Part_1_Of_4_The_Cid_As_Prince_Of_Valencia
The histories of El Cid and the First Crusade run almost parallel. In this documentary series, we'll take a look at the final years of El Cid, the most remarkable warrior of medieval Spain. It was during the the late eleventh century that El Cid achieved his most outstanding victories, including the conquest of Valencia. We'll also look at the dramatic history of the First Crusade, starting with Pope Urban II's speech at Claremont - the most impactful speech in history.
Watch episode 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF7KadgEklM
Get my book about the Crusades:
http://www.amazon.com/Why-Does-Heathen-Rage-Crusades/dp/152395762X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1461105827&sr=8-1&keywords=why+does+the+heathen+rage
Support my work on Patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/RealCrusadesHistory
Written by J Stephen Roberts. Visuals edited and created by OtherRealm Productions (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChFn36Efwnixq3hdilJ6EWA)
Featuring visuals from Medieval Kingdoms 1212 AD, a mod for Total War: Attila.
Sources:
-Arab Historians of the Crusades, trans. Francesco Gabrieli, (Barnes and Noble Books, 1993)
-Asbridge, Thomas - The First Crusade: A New History, (Oxford, 2004)
-Clissold, Stephen - In Search of the Cid, (Hodder and Stoughton, 1965)
-Fletcher, Richard - The Quest for El Cid, (Oxford University, 1991)
-Melville, Charles; Ubaydli, Ahmad - Christians and Moors in Spain: Vol. 3 (Arabic Sources), (Liverpool University, 1992)
-Peters, Edward - The First Crusade: Fulcher of Chartres and Other Sources Materials, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998)
-Robert the Monk - History of the First Crusade, trans. Carol Sweetenham, (Ashgate, 2006)
-Smith, Colin - Christians and Moors in Spain: Vol. 1 (AD 711-1150), (Liverpool University, 1988)
-Tyerman, Christopher - God’s War, (Harvard University Press, 2006)
-World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest, trans. Simon Barton and Richard Fletcher, (Manchester, 2000)
#ElCid #FirstCrusade #MedievalHistory
Music credits:
Heavy Interlude by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100515 Artist: http://incompetech.com/
Video Game Soldiers by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://www.twinmusicom.org/song/295/video-game-soldiers Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org
- published: 16 Jan 2021
- views: 21655
1:37:44
History of Spain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37:44
- Uploaded Date: 24 Jun 2021
- views: 1943
The history of Spain dates back to the Antiquity when the pre-Roman peoples of the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula made contact with the Greeks and...
The history of Spain dates back to the Antiquity when the pre-Roman peoples of the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula made contact with the Greeks and Phoenicians and the first writing systems known as Paleohispanic scripts were developed. In 1516, Habsburg Spain unified a number of disparate predecessor kingdoms; its modern form of a constitutional monarchy was introduced in 1813, and the current democratic constitution dates to 1978. After the completion of the Reconquista, the Crown of Castile began to explore across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, expanding into the New World and marking the beginning of the Golden Age under the Spanish Empire. The kingdoms of Spain were united under Habsburg rule in 1516, that unified the Crown of Castile, the Crown of Aragon and smaller kingdoms under the same rule. Until the 1650s, Habsburg Spain was the most powerful state in the world. Spain remained among the most powerful states until the early 19th century.
During this period, Spain was involved in all major European wars, including the Italian Wars, the Eighty Years' War, and the Thirty Years' War. Spanish power declined in the latter part of the 17th century.
In the early part of the 19th century, most of the former Spanish Empire overseas disintegrated with the Spanish American wars of independence. Only Cuba and the Philippines and a number of small islands left; they revolted near the end of what had been a century of great instability for Spain, and the United States acquired ownership after the Spanish–American War of 1898. A tenuous balance between liberal and conservative forces was struck in the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in Spain during the Borbonic restoration; this period began in 1874 and ended in 1931. The Liberal Party and Conservative Party fought for and won short-lived control without any being sufficiently strong to bring about lasting stability. They were alternately in power. The Restoration began with Alfonso XII and the Regency of Maria Christina . Alfonso XII died aged 27 in 1885, and was succeeded by his unborn son, who became Alfonso XIII . Then came the dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera . Opposition to his regime was so great that Alfonso XIII stopped supporting him and forced him to resign in January 1930. In 1931, following a victory by the left, the Popular Front, in municipal elections, Alfonso XIII left Spain and the democratic republic was proclaimed in Spain. The Conservative Party disappeared shortly after the proclamation of the Republic in 1931. Five years later the country descended into the Spanish Civil War between the Republican and the Nationalist factions.
https://wn.com/History_Of_Spain
The history of Spain dates back to the Antiquity when the pre-Roman peoples of the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula made contact with the Greeks and Phoenicians and the first writing systems known as Paleohispanic scripts were developed. In 1516, Habsburg Spain unified a number of disparate predecessor kingdoms; its modern form of a constitutional monarchy was introduced in 1813, and the current democratic constitution dates to 1978. After the completion of the Reconquista, the Crown of Castile began to explore across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, expanding into the New World and marking the beginning of the Golden Age under the Spanish Empire. The kingdoms of Spain were united under Habsburg rule in 1516, that unified the Crown of Castile, the Crown of Aragon and smaller kingdoms under the same rule. Until the 1650s, Habsburg Spain was the most powerful state in the world. Spain remained among the most powerful states until the early 19th century.
During this period, Spain was involved in all major European wars, including the Italian Wars, the Eighty Years' War, and the Thirty Years' War. Spanish power declined in the latter part of the 17th century.
In the early part of the 19th century, most of the former Spanish Empire overseas disintegrated with the Spanish American wars of independence. Only Cuba and the Philippines and a number of small islands left; they revolted near the end of what had been a century of great instability for Spain, and the United States acquired ownership after the Spanish–American War of 1898. A tenuous balance between liberal and conservative forces was struck in the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in Spain during the Borbonic restoration; this period began in 1874 and ended in 1931. The Liberal Party and Conservative Party fought for and won short-lived control without any being sufficiently strong to bring about lasting stability. They were alternately in power. The Restoration began with Alfonso XII and the Regency of Maria Christina . Alfonso XII died aged 27 in 1885, and was succeeded by his unborn son, who became Alfonso XIII . Then came the dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera . Opposition to his regime was so great that Alfonso XIII stopped supporting him and forced him to resign in January 1930. In 1931, following a victory by the left, the Popular Front, in municipal elections, Alfonso XIII left Spain and the democratic republic was proclaimed in Spain. The Conservative Party disappeared shortly after the proclamation of the Republic in 1931. Five years later the country descended into the Spanish Civil War between the Republican and the Nationalist factions.
- published: 24 Jun 2021
- views: 1943
48:45
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor | Wikipedia audio article
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:45
- Uploaded Date: 24 Nov 2018
- views: 1612
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Writ...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, he brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), and were the first to be described as "the empire on which the sun never sets".Charles was the heir of three of Europe's leading dynasties: Valois of Burgundy, Habsburg of Austria, and Trastámara of Spain. As heir of the House of Burgundy, he inherited areas in the Netherlands and around the eastern border of France. As a Habsburg, he inherited Austria and other lands in central Europe, and was also elected to succeed his grandfather, Maximilian I, as Holy Roman Emperor. As a grandson of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, from the Spanish House of Trastámara he inherited the Crown of Castile, which was developing a nascent empire in the Americas and Asia, and the Crown of Aragon, which included a Mediterranean empire extending to southern Italy. Charles was the first king to rule Castile and Aragon simultaneously in his own right (as a unified Spain), and as a result he is often referred to as the first king of Spain. The personal union under Charles of the Holy Roman Empire with the Spanish Empire was the closest Europe has come to a universal monarchy since the time of Charlemagne in the 9th century.
Because of widespread fears that his vast inheritance would lead to the realization of a universal monarchy and that he was trying to create a European hegemony, Charles was the object of hostility from many enemies. His reign was dominated by war, particularly by three major simultaneous prolonged conflicts: the Italian Wars with France, the struggle to halt the Turkish advance into Europe, and the conflict with the German princes resulting from the Protestant Reformation. The French wars, mainly fought in Italy, lasted for most of his reign. Enormously expensive, they led to the development of the first modern professional army in Europe, the Tercios.
The struggle with the Ottoman Empire was fought in Hungary and the Mediterranean. The Turkish advance was halted at the Siege of Vienna in 1529, and a lengthy war of attrition, conducted on Charles' behalf by his younger brother Ferdinand (King of Hungary and archduke of Austria), continued for the rest of Charles's reign. In the Mediterranean, although there were some successes, he was unable to prevent the Ottomans' increasing naval dominance and the piratical activity of the Barbary pirates. Charles opposed the Reformation, and in Germany he was in conflict with Protestant nobles who were motivated by both religious and political opposition to him. He could not prevent the spread of Protestantism and was ultimately forced to concede the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, which divided Germany along denominational lines.
While Charles did not typically concern himself with rebellions, he was quick to put down three particularly dangerous rebellions; the Revolt of the Comuneros in Castile, the revolt of the Arumer Zwarte Hoop in Frisia, and, later in his reign, the Revolt of Ghent (1539). Once the rebellions were quelled the essential Castilian and Burgundian territories remained mostly loyal to Charles throughout his rule.
Charles's Spanish dominions were the chief source of his power and wealth, and they became increasingly important as his reign progressed. In the Americas, Charles sanctioned the conquest by Castilian conquistadores of the Aztec and Inca empires. Castilian control was extended across much of South and Central ...
https://wn.com/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor_|_Wikipedia_Audio_Article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, he brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), and were the first to be described as "the empire on which the sun never sets".Charles was the heir of three of Europe's leading dynasties: Valois of Burgundy, Habsburg of Austria, and Trastámara of Spain. As heir of the House of Burgundy, he inherited areas in the Netherlands and around the eastern border of France. As a Habsburg, he inherited Austria and other lands in central Europe, and was also elected to succeed his grandfather, Maximilian I, as Holy Roman Emperor. As a grandson of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, from the Spanish House of Trastámara he inherited the Crown of Castile, which was developing a nascent empire in the Americas and Asia, and the Crown of Aragon, which included a Mediterranean empire extending to southern Italy. Charles was the first king to rule Castile and Aragon simultaneously in his own right (as a unified Spain), and as a result he is often referred to as the first king of Spain. The personal union under Charles of the Holy Roman Empire with the Spanish Empire was the closest Europe has come to a universal monarchy since the time of Charlemagne in the 9th century.
Because of widespread fears that his vast inheritance would lead to the realization of a universal monarchy and that he was trying to create a European hegemony, Charles was the object of hostility from many enemies. His reign was dominated by war, particularly by three major simultaneous prolonged conflicts: the Italian Wars with France, the struggle to halt the Turkish advance into Europe, and the conflict with the German princes resulting from the Protestant Reformation. The French wars, mainly fought in Italy, lasted for most of his reign. Enormously expensive, they led to the development of the first modern professional army in Europe, the Tercios.
The struggle with the Ottoman Empire was fought in Hungary and the Mediterranean. The Turkish advance was halted at the Siege of Vienna in 1529, and a lengthy war of attrition, conducted on Charles' behalf by his younger brother Ferdinand (King of Hungary and archduke of Austria), continued for the rest of Charles's reign. In the Mediterranean, although there were some successes, he was unable to prevent the Ottomans' increasing naval dominance and the piratical activity of the Barbary pirates. Charles opposed the Reformation, and in Germany he was in conflict with Protestant nobles who were motivated by both religious and political opposition to him. He could not prevent the spread of Protestantism and was ultimately forced to concede the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, which divided Germany along denominational lines.
While Charles did not typically concern himself with rebellions, he was quick to put down three particularly dangerous rebellions; the Revolt of the Comuneros in Castile, the revolt of the Arumer Zwarte Hoop in Frisia, and, later in his reign, the Revolt of Ghent (1539). Once the rebellions were quelled the essential Castilian and Burgundian territories remained mostly loyal to Charles throughout his rule.
Charles's Spanish dominions were the chief source of his power and wealth, and they became increasingly important as his reign progressed. In the Americas, Charles sanctioned the conquest by Castilian conquistadores of the Aztec and Inca empires. Castilian control was extended across much of South and Central ...
- published: 24 Nov 2018
- views: 1612
23:13
Roger II of Sicily
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:13
- Uploaded Date: 16 Sep 2016
- views: 667
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Roger II was King o...
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Roger II was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon.He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, became Duke of Apulia and Calabria in 1127, and then King of Sicily in 1130.By the time of his death at the age of 58, Roger had succeeded in uniting all the Norman conquests in Italy into one kingdom with a strong centralized government.
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Roger II was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon.He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, became Duke of Apulia and Calabria in 1127, and then King of Sicily in 1130.By the time of his death at the age of 58, Roger had succeeded in uniting all the Norman conquests in Italy into one kingdom with a strong centralized government.
---Image-Copyright-and-Permission---
About the author(s): MapMaster
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (CC-BY-SA-3.0)
Author(s): MapMaster (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:MapMaster)
---Image-Copyright-and-Permission---
This channel is dedicated to make Wikipedia, one of the biggest knowledge databases in the world available to people with limited vision.
Article available under a Creative Commons license
Image source in video
- published: 16 Sep 2016
- views: 667
49:32
Umayyad interventions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:32
- Uploaded Date: 12 Oct 2020
- views: 402
This is episode 45 called Umayyad interventions and in this episode you will learn:
SHOW NOTES
- A brief overview of the history of Catalonia of the 950s and 9...
This is episode 45 called Umayyad interventions and in this episode you will learn:
SHOW NOTES
- A brief overview of the history of Catalonia of the 950s and 960s
- Muslim expeditions against the Kingdom of León during the reign of Ordoño III
- The Umayyad interventions in North Africa and Umayyad-Fatimid conflict in the 950s
- Civil war during the reign of Ordoño III of León and its aftermath
- The coup d’état against Sancho the Fat
- The trip of Toda of Pamplona and Sancho the Fat to Córdoba to ask for the help of Abd al-Rahman III
- The Umayyad-Christian coalition to depose Ordoño IV of León
- The legacy of Abd al-Rahman III
- The humiliating audience of Ordoño IV with al-Hakam II of Córdoba
- The failed Christian anti-Cordoban coalition and the succession of Sancho the Fat
- A reflection about why the fact that Christian rulers declared themselves vassals of the Caliphate of Córdoba is often forgotten
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Store: https://thehistoryofspain.com/store
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TuneIn: http://bit.ly/TuneInHistorySpain
https://wn.com/Umayyad_Interventions
This is episode 45 called Umayyad interventions and in this episode you will learn:
SHOW NOTES
- A brief overview of the history of Catalonia of the 950s and 960s
- Muslim expeditions against the Kingdom of León during the reign of Ordoño III
- The Umayyad interventions in North Africa and Umayyad-Fatimid conflict in the 950s
- Civil war during the reign of Ordoño III of León and its aftermath
- The coup d’état against Sancho the Fat
- The trip of Toda of Pamplona and Sancho the Fat to Córdoba to ask for the help of Abd al-Rahman III
- The Umayyad-Christian coalition to depose Ordoño IV of León
- The legacy of Abd al-Rahman III
- The humiliating audience of Ordoño IV with al-Hakam II of Córdoba
- The failed Christian anti-Cordoban coalition and the succession of Sancho the Fat
- A reflection about why the fact that Christian rulers declared themselves vassals of the Caliphate of Córdoba is often forgotten
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Patreon: https://patreon.com/thehistoryofspain
Store: https://thehistoryofspain.com/store
Twitter: @podcast_spain // https://twitter.com/podcast_spain
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LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehistoryofspain/
iTunes Apple Podcasts: http://bit.ly/ApplePodcastsHistorySpain
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Stitcher: http://bit.ly/StitcherHistorySpain
TuneIn: http://bit.ly/TuneInHistorySpain
- published: 12 Oct 2020
- views: 402
59:25
Kingdom of Navarre | Wikipedia audio article
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:25
- Uploaded Date: 07 Dec 2018
- views: 560
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kingdom of Navarre
00:02:21 1 Etymology
00:03:16 2 Early historic background
00:10:08 3 Nascent state a...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kingdom of Navarre
00:02:21 1 Etymology
00:03:16 2 Early historic background
00:10:08 3 Nascent state and kingdom
00:10:17 3.1 Establishment by Iñigo Arista
00:13:42 3.2 Jiménez rule
00:21:39 3.3 Ecclesiastical affairs
00:22:53 4 Dismemberment
00:23:01 4.1 Division of Sancho's domains
00:24:38 4.2 Partition and union with Aragon
00:28:56 4.3 Restoration and the loss of western Navarre
00:34:47 5 Navarre in the Late Middle Ages
00:34:57 5.1 Rule by Champagne and France
00:37:39 5.2 Navarre under the Foix and Albret dynasties
00:44:05 5.3 Spanish conquest
00:47:33 5.4 Independent Navarre north of the Pyrenees
00:50:02 6 The crown and the kingdom: A constitutional foundation
00:52:06 7 Later history and the end of the ifueros/i
00:54:58 8 Province of Spain
00:56:23 9 Territory today
00:57:04 10 Historical symbols
00:57:13 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Kingdom of Navarre (; Basque: Nafarroako Erresuma, Spanish: Reino de Navarra, French: Royaume de Navarre, Latin: Regnum Navarrae), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona (Basque: Iruñeko Erresuma), was a Basque-based kingdom that occupied lands on either side of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France.
The medieval state took form around the city of Pamplona during the first centuries of the Iberian Reconquista. The kingdom has its origins in the conflict in the buffer region between the Frankish king Charlemagne and the Umayyad Emirate that controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Pamplona (Latin: Pompaelo; Basque: Iruñea), had been the main city of the indigenous Vasconic population and was located amid a predominantly Basque-speaking area. In an event traditionally dated to 824, Íñigo Arista was elected or declared ruler of the area around Pamplona in opposition to Frankish expansion into the region, originally as vassal to the Córdoba Emirate. This polity evolved into the Kingdom of Pamplona. In the first quarter of the 10th century the Kingdom was able to briefly break its vassalage under Córdoba and expand militarily, but again found itself dominated by Córdoba until the early 11th century. A series of partitions and dynastic changes led to a diminution of its territory and to periods of rule by the kings of Aragon (1054–1134) and France (1285–1328).
In the 15th century, another dynastic dispute over control by the king of Aragon led to internal divisions and the eventual conquest of the southern part of the kingdom by the Crown of Castile in 1512 (permanently in 1524). It would become part of the unified Kingdom of Spain. The remaining northern part of the kingdom was again joined with France by personal union in 1589 when King Henry III of Navarre inherited the French throne as Henry IV of France, and in 1620 it was merged into the Kingdom of France. The monarchs of this unified state took the title "King of France and Navarre" until its fall in the French Revolution, and again during the Bourbon Restoration from 1814 until 1830 (with a short break in 1815).
Today, significant parts of the ancient Kingdom of Navarre comprise the autonomous communities of Navarre, Basque Country and La Rioja.
https://wn.com/Kingdom_Of_Navarre_|_Wikipedia_Audio_Article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kingdom of Navarre
00:02:21 1 Etymology
00:03:16 2 Early historic background
00:10:08 3 Nascent state and kingdom
00:10:17 3.1 Establishment by Iñigo Arista
00:13:42 3.2 Jiménez rule
00:21:39 3.3 Ecclesiastical affairs
00:22:53 4 Dismemberment
00:23:01 4.1 Division of Sancho's domains
00:24:38 4.2 Partition and union with Aragon
00:28:56 4.3 Restoration and the loss of western Navarre
00:34:47 5 Navarre in the Late Middle Ages
00:34:57 5.1 Rule by Champagne and France
00:37:39 5.2 Navarre under the Foix and Albret dynasties
00:44:05 5.3 Spanish conquest
00:47:33 5.4 Independent Navarre north of the Pyrenees
00:50:02 6 The crown and the kingdom: A constitutional foundation
00:52:06 7 Later history and the end of the ifueros/i
00:54:58 8 Province of Spain
00:56:23 9 Territory today
00:57:04 10 Historical symbols
00:57:13 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Kingdom of Navarre (; Basque: Nafarroako Erresuma, Spanish: Reino de Navarra, French: Royaume de Navarre, Latin: Regnum Navarrae), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona (Basque: Iruñeko Erresuma), was a Basque-based kingdom that occupied lands on either side of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France.
The medieval state took form around the city of Pamplona during the first centuries of the Iberian Reconquista. The kingdom has its origins in the conflict in the buffer region between the Frankish king Charlemagne and the Umayyad Emirate that controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Pamplona (Latin: Pompaelo; Basque: Iruñea), had been the main city of the indigenous Vasconic population and was located amid a predominantly Basque-speaking area. In an event traditionally dated to 824, Íñigo Arista was elected or declared ruler of the area around Pamplona in opposition to Frankish expansion into the region, originally as vassal to the Córdoba Emirate. This polity evolved into the Kingdom of Pamplona. In the first quarter of the 10th century the Kingdom was able to briefly break its vassalage under Córdoba and expand militarily, but again found itself dominated by Córdoba until the early 11th century. A series of partitions and dynastic changes led to a diminution of its territory and to periods of rule by the kings of Aragon (1054–1134) and France (1285–1328).
In the 15th century, another dynastic dispute over control by the king of Aragon led to internal divisions and the eventual conquest of the southern part of the kingdom by the Crown of Castile in 1512 (permanently in 1524). It would become part of the unified Kingdom of Spain. The remaining northern part of the kingdom was again joined with France by personal union in 1589 when King Henry III of Navarre inherited the French throne as Henry IV of France, and in 1620 it was merged into the Kingdom of France. The monarchs of this unified state took the title "King of France and Navarre" until its fall in the French Revolution, and again during the Bourbon Restoration from 1814 until 1830 (with a short break in 1815).
Today, significant parts of the ancient Kingdom of Navarre comprise the autonomous communities of Navarre, Basque Country and La Rioja.
- published: 07 Dec 2018
- views: 560
7:19
Elvira of Castile, Queen of León
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published: 16 Sep 2016
Elvira of Castile, Queen of León
Elvira of Castile, Queen of León
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- views: 50
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Elvira García , daughter of García Fernández, count of Castile, and his wife Ava of Ribagorza, Queen Consort of Leon as the wife of King Bermudo II, and co-regent, after her husband's death, jointly with Count Menendo González, during the minority of her son Infante Alfonso, future King Alfonso V.
This channel is dedicated to make Wikipedia, one of the biggest knowledge databases in the world available to people with limited vision.
Article available under a Creative Commons license
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33:36
On Sicily Podcast Margaret Queen of Sicily
At 31 years old, Margaret of Navarre was the most powerful woman in Europe and the Mediter...
published: 16 May 2020
On Sicily Podcast Margaret Queen of Sicily
On Sicily Podcast Margaret Queen of Sicily
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- published: 16 May 2020
- views: 150
At 31 years old, Margaret of Navarre was the most powerful woman in Europe and the Mediterranean, and she successfully navigated the Kingdom of Sicily from 1166 to 1171, maintaining the progressive constitutional laws her father-in-law, Roger II, had established. Yet until now, historians barely mention her.
Experience Sicily’s Owner/Curator Allison Scola presents Conversations On Sicily, a series of in-depth discussions with our friends and colleagues in Sicily. This episode features historian, author, and expert tour guide Jacqueline Alio.
This is a podcast, intended for listening.
15:18
El Cid and the First Crusade - Part 1 of 4: The Cid as Prince of Valencia
The histories of El Cid and the First Crusade run almost parallel. In this documentary ser...
published: 16 Jan 2021
El Cid and the First Crusade - Part 1 of 4: The Cid as Prince of Valencia
El Cid and the First Crusade - Part 1 of 4: The Cid as Prince of Valencia
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- published: 16 Jan 2021
- views: 21655
The histories of El Cid and the First Crusade run almost parallel. In this documentary series, we'll take a look at the final years of El Cid, the most remarkable warrior of medieval Spain. It was during the the late eleventh century that El Cid achieved his most outstanding victories, including the conquest of Valencia. We'll also look at the dramatic history of the First Crusade, starting with Pope Urban II's speech at Claremont - the most impactful speech in history.
Watch episode 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF7KadgEklM
Get my book about the Crusades:
http://www.amazon.com/Why-Does-Heathen-Rage-Crusades/dp/152395762X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1461105827&sr=8-1&keywords=why+does+the+heathen+rage
Support my work on Patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/RealCrusadesHistory
Written by J Stephen Roberts. Visuals edited and created by OtherRealm Productions (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChFn36Efwnixq3hdilJ6EWA)
Featuring visuals from Medieval Kingdoms 1212 AD, a mod for Total War: Attila.
Sources:
-Arab Historians of the Crusades, trans. Francesco Gabrieli, (Barnes and Noble Books, 1993)
-Asbridge, Thomas - The First Crusade: A New History, (Oxford, 2004)
-Clissold, Stephen - In Search of the Cid, (Hodder and Stoughton, 1965)
-Fletcher, Richard - The Quest for El Cid, (Oxford University, 1991)
-Melville, Charles; Ubaydli, Ahmad - Christians and Moors in Spain: Vol. 3 (Arabic Sources), (Liverpool University, 1992)
-Peters, Edward - The First Crusade: Fulcher of Chartres and Other Sources Materials, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998)
-Robert the Monk - History of the First Crusade, trans. Carol Sweetenham, (Ashgate, 2006)
-Smith, Colin - Christians and Moors in Spain: Vol. 1 (AD 711-1150), (Liverpool University, 1988)
-Tyerman, Christopher - God’s War, (Harvard University Press, 2006)
-World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest, trans. Simon Barton and Richard Fletcher, (Manchester, 2000)
#ElCid #FirstCrusade #MedievalHistory
Music credits:
Heavy Interlude by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100515 Artist: http://incompetech.com/
Video Game Soldiers by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://www.twinmusicom.org/song/295/video-game-soldiers Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org
1:37:44
History of Spain
The history of Spain dates back to the Antiquity when the pre-Roman peoples of the Mediter...
published: 24 Jun 2021
History of Spain
History of Spain
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- published: 24 Jun 2021
- views: 1943
The history of Spain dates back to the Antiquity when the pre-Roman peoples of the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula made contact with the Greeks and Phoenicians and the first writing systems known as Paleohispanic scripts were developed. In 1516, Habsburg Spain unified a number of disparate predecessor kingdoms; its modern form of a constitutional monarchy was introduced in 1813, and the current democratic constitution dates to 1978. After the completion of the Reconquista, the Crown of Castile began to explore across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, expanding into the New World and marking the beginning of the Golden Age under the Spanish Empire. The kingdoms of Spain were united under Habsburg rule in 1516, that unified the Crown of Castile, the Crown of Aragon and smaller kingdoms under the same rule. Until the 1650s, Habsburg Spain was the most powerful state in the world. Spain remained among the most powerful states until the early 19th century.
During this period, Spain was involved in all major European wars, including the Italian Wars, the Eighty Years' War, and the Thirty Years' War. Spanish power declined in the latter part of the 17th century.
In the early part of the 19th century, most of the former Spanish Empire overseas disintegrated with the Spanish American wars of independence. Only Cuba and the Philippines and a number of small islands left; they revolted near the end of what had been a century of great instability for Spain, and the United States acquired ownership after the Spanish–American War of 1898. A tenuous balance between liberal and conservative forces was struck in the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in Spain during the Borbonic restoration; this period began in 1874 and ended in 1931. The Liberal Party and Conservative Party fought for and won short-lived control without any being sufficiently strong to bring about lasting stability. They were alternately in power. The Restoration began with Alfonso XII and the Regency of Maria Christina . Alfonso XII died aged 27 in 1885, and was succeeded by his unborn son, who became Alfonso XIII . Then came the dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera . Opposition to his regime was so great that Alfonso XIII stopped supporting him and forced him to resign in January 1930. In 1931, following a victory by the left, the Popular Front, in municipal elections, Alfonso XIII left Spain and the democratic republic was proclaimed in Spain. The Conservative Party disappeared shortly after the proclamation of the Republic in 1931. Five years later the country descended into the Spanish Civil War between the Republican and the Nationalist factions.
48:45
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Liste...
published: 24 Nov 2018
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor | Wikipedia audio article
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor | Wikipedia audio article
- Report rights infringement
- published: 24 Nov 2018
- views: 1612
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, he brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), and were the first to be described as "the empire on which the sun never sets".Charles was the heir of three of Europe's leading dynasties: Valois of Burgundy, Habsburg of Austria, and Trastámara of Spain. As heir of the House of Burgundy, he inherited areas in the Netherlands and around the eastern border of France. As a Habsburg, he inherited Austria and other lands in central Europe, and was also elected to succeed his grandfather, Maximilian I, as Holy Roman Emperor. As a grandson of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, from the Spanish House of Trastámara he inherited the Crown of Castile, which was developing a nascent empire in the Americas and Asia, and the Crown of Aragon, which included a Mediterranean empire extending to southern Italy. Charles was the first king to rule Castile and Aragon simultaneously in his own right (as a unified Spain), and as a result he is often referred to as the first king of Spain. The personal union under Charles of the Holy Roman Empire with the Spanish Empire was the closest Europe has come to a universal monarchy since the time of Charlemagne in the 9th century.
Because of widespread fears that his vast inheritance would lead to the realization of a universal monarchy and that he was trying to create a European hegemony, Charles was the object of hostility from many enemies. His reign was dominated by war, particularly by three major simultaneous prolonged conflicts: the Italian Wars with France, the struggle to halt the Turkish advance into Europe, and the conflict with the German princes resulting from the Protestant Reformation. The French wars, mainly fought in Italy, lasted for most of his reign. Enormously expensive, they led to the development of the first modern professional army in Europe, the Tercios.
The struggle with the Ottoman Empire was fought in Hungary and the Mediterranean. The Turkish advance was halted at the Siege of Vienna in 1529, and a lengthy war of attrition, conducted on Charles' behalf by his younger brother Ferdinand (King of Hungary and archduke of Austria), continued for the rest of Charles's reign. In the Mediterranean, although there were some successes, he was unable to prevent the Ottomans' increasing naval dominance and the piratical activity of the Barbary pirates. Charles opposed the Reformation, and in Germany he was in conflict with Protestant nobles who were motivated by both religious and political opposition to him. He could not prevent the spread of Protestantism and was ultimately forced to concede the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, which divided Germany along denominational lines.
While Charles did not typically concern himself with rebellions, he was quick to put down three particularly dangerous rebellions; the Revolt of the Comuneros in Castile, the revolt of the Arumer Zwarte Hoop in Frisia, and, later in his reign, the Revolt of Ghent (1539). Once the rebellions were quelled the essential Castilian and Burgundian territories remained mostly loyal to Charles throughout his rule.
Charles's Spanish dominions were the chief source of his power and wealth, and they became increasingly important as his reign progressed. In the Americas, Charles sanctioned the conquest by Castilian conquistadores of the Aztec and Inca empires. Castilian control was extended across much of South and Central ...
23:13
Roger II of Sicily
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published: 16 Sep 2016
Roger II of Sicily
Roger II of Sicily
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Roger II was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon.He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, became Duke of Apulia and Calabria in 1127, and then King of Sicily in 1130.By the time of his death at the age of 58, Roger had succeeded in uniting all the Norman conquests in Italy into one kingdom with a strong centralized government.
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49:32
Umayyad interventions
This is episode 45 called Umayyad interventions and in this episode you will learn:
SHOW ...
published: 12 Oct 2020
Umayyad interventions
Umayyad interventions
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- published: 12 Oct 2020
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This is episode 45 called Umayyad interventions and in this episode you will learn:
SHOW NOTES
- A brief overview of the history of Catalonia of the 950s and 960s
- Muslim expeditions against the Kingdom of León during the reign of Ordoño III
- The Umayyad interventions in North Africa and Umayyad-Fatimid conflict in the 950s
- Civil war during the reign of Ordoño III of León and its aftermath
- The coup d’état against Sancho the Fat
- The trip of Toda of Pamplona and Sancho the Fat to Córdoba to ask for the help of Abd al-Rahman III
- The Umayyad-Christian coalition to depose Ordoño IV of León
- The legacy of Abd al-Rahman III
- The humiliating audience of Ordoño IV with al-Hakam II of Córdoba
- The failed Christian anti-Cordoban coalition and the succession of Sancho the Fat
- A reflection about why the fact that Christian rulers declared themselves vassals of the Caliphate of Córdoba is often forgotten
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59:25
Kingdom of Navarre | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kingdom of Navarre
00:02:21 1 Ety...
published: 07 Dec 2018
Kingdom of Navarre | Wikipedia audio article
Kingdom of Navarre | Wikipedia audio article
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kingdom of Navarre
00:02:21 1 Etymology
00:03:16 2 Early historic background
00:10:08 3 Nascent state and kingdom
00:10:17 3.1 Establishment by Iñigo Arista
00:13:42 3.2 Jiménez rule
00:21:39 3.3 Ecclesiastical affairs
00:22:53 4 Dismemberment
00:23:01 4.1 Division of Sancho's domains
00:24:38 4.2 Partition and union with Aragon
00:28:56 4.3 Restoration and the loss of western Navarre
00:34:47 5 Navarre in the Late Middle Ages
00:34:57 5.1 Rule by Champagne and France
00:37:39 5.2 Navarre under the Foix and Albret dynasties
00:44:05 5.3 Spanish conquest
00:47:33 5.4 Independent Navarre north of the Pyrenees
00:50:02 6 The crown and the kingdom: A constitutional foundation
00:52:06 7 Later history and the end of the ifueros/i
00:54:58 8 Province of Spain
00:56:23 9 Territory today
00:57:04 10 Historical symbols
00:57:13 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Kingdom of Navarre (; Basque: Nafarroako Erresuma, Spanish: Reino de Navarra, French: Royaume de Navarre, Latin: Regnum Navarrae), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona (Basque: Iruñeko Erresuma), was a Basque-based kingdom that occupied lands on either side of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France.
The medieval state took form around the city of Pamplona during the first centuries of the Iberian Reconquista. The kingdom has its origins in the conflict in the buffer region between the Frankish king Charlemagne and the Umayyad Emirate that controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Pamplona (Latin: Pompaelo; Basque: Iruñea), had been the main city of the indigenous Vasconic population and was located amid a predominantly Basque-speaking area. In an event traditionally dated to 824, Íñigo Arista was elected or declared ruler of the area around Pamplona in opposition to Frankish expansion into the region, originally as vassal to the Córdoba Emirate. This polity evolved into the Kingdom of Pamplona. In the first quarter of the 10th century the Kingdom was able to briefly break its vassalage under Córdoba and expand militarily, but again found itself dominated by Córdoba until the early 11th century. A series of partitions and dynastic changes led to a diminution of its territory and to periods of rule by the kings of Aragon (1054–1134) and France (1285–1328).
In the 15th century, another dynastic dispute over control by the king of Aragon led to internal divisions and the eventual conquest of the southern part of the kingdom by the Crown of Castile in 1512 (permanently in 1524). It would become part of the unified Kingdom of Spain. The remaining northern part of the kingdom was again joined with France by personal union in 1589 when King Henry III of Navarre inherited the French throne as Henry IV of France, and in 1620 it was merged into the Kingdom of France. The monarchs of this unified state took the title "King of France and Navarre" until its fall in the French Revolution, and again during the Bourbon Restoration from 1814 until 1830 (with a short break in 1815).
Today, significant parts of the ancient Kingdom of Navarre comprise the autonomous communities of Navarre, Basque Country and La Rioja.
Elvira of Castile, Queen of Sicily
Elvira of Castile (c. 1100 – 8 February 1135) was the first Queen of Sicily.
Background and upbringing
She was a daughter of Alfonso VI of Castile by his fourth queen, Isabella (perhaps identical to the Moslem convert Zaida of Seville, baptized as Isabel, who had been Alfonso's mistress). Elvira was raised in Toledo, so she must have been accustomed to a significant level of convivencia, which was present in Sicily as well.
Marriage
Elvira married Roger II of Sicily in 1117. In 1130, she became queen of Sicily when her husband had himself crowned king. She bore Roger five sons and one daughter by 1135.
In 1135, both Roger and Elvira fell ill. The illness was grave and infectious. Roger survived, but Elvira did not. Roger remained a widower for fifteen years and remarried only when four out of five of his sons with Elvira died.
Issue
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Elvira_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Sicily
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