-
Ten Minute History - The Dutch Revolt (Short Documentary)
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon:
Anon (you know who you are),
Mitchell Wildoer,
Franco la Bruna,
Mason Cox,
Matt M,
Chris Fatta,
Rbj,
Shaun Pullin,
Joshua,
Thomas Mitchell,
William Foster,
Perry Gagne,
Mark Routon,
Spencer Smith.
This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the rise of Calvinism in the Spanish Seventeen Provinces and the subsequent outbreak of the Dutch Revolt/Eighty Years' War. William the Silent led the United Provinces' (and later Dutch Republic's) bid for independence and he encountered many issues, notably the Duke of Alba and Parma as well as some hiccups in picking a monarch. All of the turmoil forced the D...
published: 28 Aug 2018
-
The Dutch Revolt: The Eighty Years' War and the Creation of the Netherlands
An overview of the creation of the Netherlands, from start to finish.
Music listed on last slide.
published: 24 Jun 2017
-
The Eighty Years' War
The 80 Years' War saw the area of the Low Countries of modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and parts of Northeast France and Northern German transformed into the first incarnation of the modern country of the Netherlands. The Dutch provinces of Holland, Utrecht, Zeeland, Friesland, Gelderland, Groningen, Overijssel and Drenthe formed the Dutch Republic after successfully rebelling against the mighty Spanish Empire ruled at the time by King Phillip II. The tale of the 80 Years War is an intricate tale of alliance and betrayal, French and English princes, the Armada, the House of Orange, and the almost century-long deadlock between the Dutch and the Spanish.
Name Explain's Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCy_QZ1EEY4S5YT6cmBTwMwg
Music Used:
Ride of the Valkyries - Ri...
published: 16 Mar 2018
-
16: The Dutch Revolt (Part One)
Core readings for part two's discussion:
Cruz, Laura. “Turning Dutch: Historical Myths in Early Modern Netherlands.” The Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 39, no. 1, Sixteenth Century Journal, 2008, pp. 3–22.
https://doi.org/10.2307/20478749.
Duke, Alastair. “From King and Country to King or Country? Loyalty and Treason in the Revolt of the Netherlands.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, vol. 32, Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 113–35.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3679019.
Waxman, Matthew C. “Strategic Terror: Philip II and Sixteenth-Century Warfare.” War in History, vol. 4, no. 3, Sage Publications, Ltd., 1997, pp. 339–47.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/26004392.
Further reading:
Rowen, Herbert H. “The Dutch Revolt: What Kind of Revolution?” Renaissance Quarterly, vol. 43...
published: 19 Dec 2021
-
The Dutch 'Military Revolution' During The Eighty Years War | Early-Modern Warfare
The Dutch military reforms during the Eighty Years' War influenced the nature of European warfare strongly and lastingly. Facing the Spanish Army, the true military giant of the time, the Dutch were hard pressed to improve their own army with quick but decisive innovation.
The backbone of the Spanish Pike and Shot tactic was the so-called ‘Tercio’, a deep square formation consisting of pike men and shot infantry usually supplemented by cavalry and artillery. The basic idea was that the muskets and arquebuses shoot the enemies to pieces while the pikes provide sufficient protection from enemy cavalry attacks. But how did the Dutch counter this military goliath?
Recent historiography explains it as follows: During the Eighty Years’ War it became clear to Maurice of Nassau, prince of Orange,...
published: 01 Mar 2020
-
Dutch Golden Age: Crash Course European History #15
While the English were falling apart a little, with their civil war and their restoration and their succession problems, the Dutch were getting their act together. They were throwing off the yoke of the Spanish Empire, uniting their provinces, and building out their global trade network. Today, we'll learn about how the Dutch came to their Golden Age, and how it ended.
Sources
-Hunt, Lynn. Making of the West. Peoples and Cultures. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2019.
-Parker, Geoffrey. Global Crisis: War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.
-Popkin, Richard. The History of Scepticism: From Savonarola to Bayle. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
-Rommelse, Gijs. "The role of mercantilism in Anglo-Dutch political rela...
published: 13 Aug 2019
-
Eighty Years' War (1500 - 1566) Ep. 1 - Before the Storm
The full story of the Eighty Years' War, the Dutch Revolt against their Lord, the King of Spain.
When Holy Roman Emperor Charles V resigned as Lord of the Netherlands in 1555, his son King Felipe II took over from him. He wanted to unite the independent States into one country and used the inquisition to get rid of the Protestants. The Dutch resisted, and a revolt was brewing...
#eightyyearswar #tachtigjarigeoorlog #80jarigeoorlog
--- SOURCES AND INFO ---
Sources, music list, links to socials: https://defraggedhistory.com/
Images and stock footage from Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Pexels.com, Pixabay.com, and own work.
All music is licensed through Epidemic Sound.
CHAPTERS:
00:00:00 00. Titles
00:00:08 01. The History So Far...
00:03:59 02. Cuius Regio, Eius Religio
00:07:06 03. Polar Op...
published: 31 Jan 2021
-
Was the Glorious Revolution a Dutch Conquest? (Short Animated Documentary)
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2
Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon:
Kevin Sanders
Chris Fatta
Daniel Lambert
Richard Wolfe
Joshua
Tom Loghrin
Warren Rudkin
Andrew Niedbala
Mitchell Wildoer
Blaine Tillack
Bernardo Santos
Matthew
John Garcia
Richard Hartzell
Will Davis-Coleman
Danny Anstess
Henry Rabung
August Block
Perry Gagne
Shaun Pullin
Joooooshhhhh
Vesko Dinev
PaulToon
Kelly Moneymaker
FuzzytheFair
Armani_Banani
Jeffrey Schneider
Byzans_Scotorius
Seth Reeves
Haydn Noble
Josh Cornelius
Gideon Rashkes
Spencer Smith
Cornel Borină
Roberto
Andrew Keeling
Richard Manklow
Chance Cansler
João Santos
Gabriel Lunde
Pierre Le Mouel
anon
Reuploa...
published: 07 Sep 2019
-
The DUTCH Golden Age, Explained [AP Euro Review—Unit 3 Topic 5]
GET FOLLOW-ALONG NOTEGUIDES for this video: https://bit.ly/432NiE9
AP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet):
+AP Euro Heimler Review Guide: https://bit.ly/3PCPyiw
+AP Essay CRAM Course (DBQ, LEQ, SAQ Help): https://bit.ly/3XuwaWN
+Bundle Heimler Review Guide and Essay CRAM Course: https://bit.ly/3XvJGt4
HEIMLER’S HISTORY MERCH! https://bit.ly/3d3iejm
Tiktok: @steveheimler
Instagram: @heimlers_history
Heimler's History DISCORD Server: https://discord.gg/heimlershistory
In this video Heimler explained the Dutch Golden Age, which corresponds to the AP European History curriculum, Unit 3 Topic 5 (3.5).
After the Dutch revolted against the Spanish Habsburgs, they won their independence and established the Dutch Republic and became the most prosperous s...
published: 26 Sep 2022
-
The United Kingdom of the Netherlands: History Matters (Short Animated Documentary)
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2
Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon:
Franco La Bruna
James Baker
Daniel Lambert
Richard Wolfe
Chris Fatta
Joshua
William Foster
Blaine Tillack
Andrew Niedbala
Mitchell Wildoer
Bernardo Santos
Cornel
Thomas Mitchell
Norman A. Letterman
Danny Anstess
Matthew Crighton
Shaun Pullin
Joooooshhhhh
Perry Gagne
Fuzzythefair
Daan ter Elst
Byzans_Scotorius
Spencer Smith
Richard Manklow
Andrew Keeling
Rbj
Mark Bevan
João Santos
anon
This episode covers the United Kingdom of the Netherlands from its founding in 1814 all the way until its end in 1830 after the Belgian Revolution. It only had one king, William I (altho...
published: 27 Mar 2019
10:00
Ten Minute History - The Dutch Revolt (Short Documentary)
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon:
Anon (you know who you are),
Mitchell Wildoer,
Franco la Bruna,
Mason Cox,
Matt M,
Chris Fatta,
Rbj,
Shaun Pullin,
Joshua,
Thomas Mitchell,
William Foster,
Perry Gagne,
Mark Routon,
Spencer Smith.
This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the rise of Calvinism in the Spanish Seventeen Provinces and the subsequent outbreak of the Dutch Revolt/Eighty Years' War. William the Silent led the United Provinces' (and later Dutch Republic's) bid for independence and he encountered many issues, notably the Duke of Alba and Parma as well as some hiccups in picking a monarch. All of the turmoil forced the Dutch to innovate in matters of commerce and trade whilst having to decide the religious policy of their new state. The Dutch (after losing some territory) would win their independence in 1609 but the Spanish wouldn't accept this until 1648.
Recommended books:
A Concise History of the Netherlands by James C. Kennedy. - A Very good book which goes into great detail about the events of the war and the importance of religious and commercial reform. Very good book.
Christendom Destroyed, Europe 1517-1648 by Mark Greengrass. Another extremely good work, it bounces all over Europe so don't expect to be able to read a chapter on the Dutch and know everything. Fantastic for the religious changes in Europe during the period.
https://wn.com/Ten_Minute_History_The_Dutch_Revolt_(Short_Documentary)
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon:
Anon (you know who you are),
Mitchell Wildoer,
Franco la Bruna,
Mason Cox,
Matt M,
Chris Fatta,
Rbj,
Shaun Pullin,
Joshua,
Thomas Mitchell,
William Foster,
Perry Gagne,
Mark Routon,
Spencer Smith.
This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the rise of Calvinism in the Spanish Seventeen Provinces and the subsequent outbreak of the Dutch Revolt/Eighty Years' War. William the Silent led the United Provinces' (and later Dutch Republic's) bid for independence and he encountered many issues, notably the Duke of Alba and Parma as well as some hiccups in picking a monarch. All of the turmoil forced the Dutch to innovate in matters of commerce and trade whilst having to decide the religious policy of their new state. The Dutch (after losing some territory) would win their independence in 1609 but the Spanish wouldn't accept this until 1648.
Recommended books:
A Concise History of the Netherlands by James C. Kennedy. - A Very good book which goes into great detail about the events of the war and the importance of religious and commercial reform. Very good book.
Christendom Destroyed, Europe 1517-1648 by Mark Greengrass. Another extremely good work, it bounces all over Europe so don't expect to be able to read a chapter on the Dutch and know everything. Fantastic for the religious changes in Europe during the period.
- published: 28 Aug 2018
- views: 1639723
13:22
The Dutch Revolt: The Eighty Years' War and the Creation of the Netherlands
An overview of the creation of the Netherlands, from start to finish.
Music listed on last slide.
An overview of the creation of the Netherlands, from start to finish.
Music listed on last slide.
https://wn.com/The_Dutch_Revolt_The_Eighty_Years'_War_And_The_Creation_Of_The_Netherlands
An overview of the creation of the Netherlands, from start to finish.
Music listed on last slide.
- published: 24 Jun 2017
- views: 210168
28:10
The Eighty Years' War
The 80 Years' War saw the area of the Low Countries of modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and parts of Northeast France and Northern German transf...
The 80 Years' War saw the area of the Low Countries of modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and parts of Northeast France and Northern German transformed into the first incarnation of the modern country of the Netherlands. The Dutch provinces of Holland, Utrecht, Zeeland, Friesland, Gelderland, Groningen, Overijssel and Drenthe formed the Dutch Republic after successfully rebelling against the mighty Spanish Empire ruled at the time by King Phillip II. The tale of the 80 Years War is an intricate tale of alliance and betrayal, French and English princes, the Armada, the House of Orange, and the almost century-long deadlock between the Dutch and the Spanish.
Name Explain's Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCy_QZ1EEY4S5YT6cmBTwMwg
Music Used:
Ride of the Valkyries - Richard Wagner
Black Vortex - Kevin MacLeod
Egmont Overture - Ludwig von Beethoven
Egmont Overture by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1200069
Artist: http://incompetech.com/
Drums of the Deep - Kevin MacLeod
Pippin the Hunchback - Kevin MacLeod
Hungarian Rhapsody - Franz Liszt
Piano Concerto Number 21 - Wulfgang Amadeus Mozart
Eine Kleine Nachtsmusik - Wulfgang Amadeus Mozart
Symphony Number 5 - Ludwig von Beethoven
Prelude and Action - Kevin MacLeod
Expeditionary - Kevin MacLeod
"Expeditionary” - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
1812 Overture - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
All images are from the Public Domain of Wikimedia Commons and Pixabay with the following exceptions:
Related Videos of Mine:
Why were the Dutch at war with the Isles of Scilly for 335 years?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brumAIB0dxs&t=7s
Had Queen Elizabeth I Established Her Authority by 1571?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJiBK...
The South African Flag:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCwBL...
Why is Belgium so Divided?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTOW3...
Explaining Germany's Many Names:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GtWf...
The French Flag:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aqs4L...
What was the Mid-Tudor Crisis?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYyTv...
How to Pronounce Dutch Place Names:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYv6E...
The United Nations and the League of Nations = The Same?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhIl2...
The First Boer War:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJwrZ...
The Frisians in Beowulf:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvkV-...
The Netherlands, Holland and the Low Countries - The Difference:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-VDm...
Languages of the British Isles:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODeYt...
The United Kingdom, British Isles and Great Britain - The Difference:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OALOM...
Let's Learn Some Basic Dutch:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcSO-...
Why did the Dutch Flag Change Three Times:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWFA0...
A Tribute to the Dutch Republic:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsVwh...
Netherlands Vlog Part I:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoh8R...
Why is Gibraltar British?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fi9_G...
Related Videos by Other Channels:
The Longest War in History - The 335 Years' War - Emperor Tigerstar:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuyAv...
Anglo-Dutch Wars | 3 Minute History - Jabzy:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzSFi...
Anglo-Dutch Wars 1652-1672 - Dutch Docu Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJxZy...
The English Civil War Part 1 Blood On Our Hands:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7jfp...
English Civil War | 3 Minute History - Jabzy:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9qwX...
Glorious Revolution | 3 Minute History - Jabzy:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g77WJ...
Patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/HistorywithHi...
Vid.me Channel: (RIP)
https://vid.me/HistoricHilbert
Twitter:
https://twitter.com/HistorywHilbert
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/History-with...
Send me an email if you'd be interested in doing a collaboration!
[email protected]
https://wn.com/The_Eighty_Years'_War
The 80 Years' War saw the area of the Low Countries of modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and parts of Northeast France and Northern German transformed into the first incarnation of the modern country of the Netherlands. The Dutch provinces of Holland, Utrecht, Zeeland, Friesland, Gelderland, Groningen, Overijssel and Drenthe formed the Dutch Republic after successfully rebelling against the mighty Spanish Empire ruled at the time by King Phillip II. The tale of the 80 Years War is an intricate tale of alliance and betrayal, French and English princes, the Armada, the House of Orange, and the almost century-long deadlock between the Dutch and the Spanish.
Name Explain's Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCy_QZ1EEY4S5YT6cmBTwMwg
Music Used:
Ride of the Valkyries - Richard Wagner
Black Vortex - Kevin MacLeod
Egmont Overture - Ludwig von Beethoven
Egmont Overture by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1200069
Artist: http://incompetech.com/
Drums of the Deep - Kevin MacLeod
Pippin the Hunchback - Kevin MacLeod
Hungarian Rhapsody - Franz Liszt
Piano Concerto Number 21 - Wulfgang Amadeus Mozart
Eine Kleine Nachtsmusik - Wulfgang Amadeus Mozart
Symphony Number 5 - Ludwig von Beethoven
Prelude and Action - Kevin MacLeod
Expeditionary - Kevin MacLeod
"Expeditionary” - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
1812 Overture - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
All images are from the Public Domain of Wikimedia Commons and Pixabay with the following exceptions:
Related Videos of Mine:
Why were the Dutch at war with the Isles of Scilly for 335 years?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brumAIB0dxs&t=7s
Had Queen Elizabeth I Established Her Authority by 1571?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJiBK...
The South African Flag:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCwBL...
Why is Belgium so Divided?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTOW3...
Explaining Germany's Many Names:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GtWf...
The French Flag:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aqs4L...
What was the Mid-Tudor Crisis?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYyTv...
How to Pronounce Dutch Place Names:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYv6E...
The United Nations and the League of Nations = The Same?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhIl2...
The First Boer War:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJwrZ...
The Frisians in Beowulf:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvkV-...
The Netherlands, Holland and the Low Countries - The Difference:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-VDm...
Languages of the British Isles:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODeYt...
The United Kingdom, British Isles and Great Britain - The Difference:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OALOM...
Let's Learn Some Basic Dutch:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcSO-...
Why did the Dutch Flag Change Three Times:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWFA0...
A Tribute to the Dutch Republic:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsVwh...
Netherlands Vlog Part I:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoh8R...
Why is Gibraltar British?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fi9_G...
Related Videos by Other Channels:
The Longest War in History - The 335 Years' War - Emperor Tigerstar:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuyAv...
Anglo-Dutch Wars | 3 Minute History - Jabzy:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzSFi...
Anglo-Dutch Wars 1652-1672 - Dutch Docu Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJxZy...
The English Civil War Part 1 Blood On Our Hands:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7jfp...
English Civil War | 3 Minute History - Jabzy:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9qwX...
Glorious Revolution | 3 Minute History - Jabzy:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g77WJ...
Patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/HistorywithHi...
Vid.me Channel: (RIP)
https://vid.me/HistoricHilbert
Twitter:
https://twitter.com/HistorywHilbert
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/History-with...
Send me an email if you'd be interested in doing a collaboration!
[email protected]
- published: 16 Mar 2018
- views: 394302
39:44
16: The Dutch Revolt (Part One)
Core readings for part two's discussion:
Cruz, Laura. “Turning Dutch: Historical Myths in Early Modern Netherlands.” The Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 39, no...
Core readings for part two's discussion:
Cruz, Laura. “Turning Dutch: Historical Myths in Early Modern Netherlands.” The Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 39, no. 1, Sixteenth Century Journal, 2008, pp. 3–22.
https://doi.org/10.2307/20478749.
Duke, Alastair. “From King and Country to King or Country? Loyalty and Treason in the Revolt of the Netherlands.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, vol. 32, Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 113–35.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3679019.
Waxman, Matthew C. “Strategic Terror: Philip II and Sixteenth-Century Warfare.” War in History, vol. 4, no. 3, Sage Publications, Ltd., 1997, pp. 339–47.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/26004392.
Further reading:
Rowen, Herbert H. “The Dutch Revolt: What Kind of Revolution?” Renaissance Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 3, [The University of Chicago Press, Renaissance Society of America], 1990, pp. 570–90.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2862560.
Spicer, Andrew. “After Iconoclasm: Reconciliation and Resacralization in the Southern Netherlands, ca. 1566–85.” The Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 44, no. 2, Sixteenth Century Journal, 2013, pp. 411–33.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/24245088.
Walsh, Thomas. Phillip II, New York, 1937.
https://wn.com/16_The_Dutch_Revolt_(Part_One)
Core readings for part two's discussion:
Cruz, Laura. “Turning Dutch: Historical Myths in Early Modern Netherlands.” The Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 39, no. 1, Sixteenth Century Journal, 2008, pp. 3–22.
https://doi.org/10.2307/20478749.
Duke, Alastair. “From King and Country to King or Country? Loyalty and Treason in the Revolt of the Netherlands.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, vol. 32, Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 113–35.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3679019.
Waxman, Matthew C. “Strategic Terror: Philip II and Sixteenth-Century Warfare.” War in History, vol. 4, no. 3, Sage Publications, Ltd., 1997, pp. 339–47.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/26004392.
Further reading:
Rowen, Herbert H. “The Dutch Revolt: What Kind of Revolution?” Renaissance Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 3, [The University of Chicago Press, Renaissance Society of America], 1990, pp. 570–90.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2862560.
Spicer, Andrew. “After Iconoclasm: Reconciliation and Resacralization in the Southern Netherlands, ca. 1566–85.” The Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 44, no. 2, Sixteenth Century Journal, 2013, pp. 411–33.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/24245088.
Walsh, Thomas. Phillip II, New York, 1937.
- published: 19 Dec 2021
- views: 12417
12:23
The Dutch 'Military Revolution' During The Eighty Years War | Early-Modern Warfare
The Dutch military reforms during the Eighty Years' War influenced the nature of European warfare strongly and lastingly. Facing the Spanish Army, the true mili...
The Dutch military reforms during the Eighty Years' War influenced the nature of European warfare strongly and lastingly. Facing the Spanish Army, the true military giant of the time, the Dutch were hard pressed to improve their own army with quick but decisive innovation.
The backbone of the Spanish Pike and Shot tactic was the so-called ‘Tercio’, a deep square formation consisting of pike men and shot infantry usually supplemented by cavalry and artillery. The basic idea was that the muskets and arquebuses shoot the enemies to pieces while the pikes provide sufficient protection from enemy cavalry attacks. But how did the Dutch counter this military goliath?
Recent historiography explains it as follows: During the Eighty Years’ War it became clear to Maurice of Nassau, prince of Orange, that he had to change his army significantly if he wanted to defend the newly formed Dutch federation. But during this period most armed conflicts actually weren't open field battles but sieges. As long as they were entrenched in or themselves sieging a fortress, the expert on this topic Olaf Van Nimwegen explains, the Dutch were well capable to go toe to toe with the Spanish. But it was crucial to have an effective force that could credibly challenge opponents in open field to prevent becoming the enemy’s puppet. The English officer John Bingham, who had served in the Dutch army, summarized this as follows: “he who is master of the field may spoyle the Enemies Country at his pleasure, he may march where he thinketh best” Thus, the Dutch were primarily concerned with ameliorating their capabilities in open field battles.
Patreon (thank you): https://www.patreon.com/sandrhomanhistory
Paypal (thank you: paypal.me/SandRhomanhistory
We also have Twitter: https://twitter.com/Sandrhoman
#history #dutch #netherlands
Some of the music (this particular song is called the 'Landsknecht Music') was provided by MANIK dreams, a dear friend of mine. Check him out if you'd like to hear more.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrAB8HGJBoM
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Sandrhoman
Bibliography
Arndt, J., s.v. ‘Niederländischer Aufstand’, in: Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit.
Ayton, A., / Price, J. L., (Hrsg.), The Medieval Military Revolution. State, Society and Military Change in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, 199J. Black, A Military Revolution? Military Change and European Society 1550–1800, 1991.
Dierk, W., s.v. ‘Heeresreform’, in: Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit
Meumann, M., s.v. ‘Military Revolution’, in: Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit.
Parker G., The »Military Revolution«, 1560–1660 – a Myth?, in: Journal of Modern History 48.2, 1976, 196–214
Parker, G., Die militärische Revolution. Die Kriegskunst und der Aufstieg des Westens 1500–1800, 1990 (engl. 1988)
Parker, G., The Limits to Revolutions in Military Affairs: Maurice of Nassau, the Battle of Nieuwpoort (1600), and the Legacy, in The Journal of Military History, 71;2, 2007; S. 331 – 372.
Parker, G., From the House of Orange to the House of Bush. 400 years of Revolutions in Military Affairs, in: militaire Spectator, 172, IV (2003), p. 177-93.
Roberts, M.: The military revolution, 1560–1660. In: Clifford J. Rogers: The military revolution debate. Readings on the military transformation of early modern Europe. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo. 1995, S. 13–35.
Rogers, C.J. / Tallet F. (editors), European Warfare, 1350–1750, 2010.
Rogers, C. J., (Hrsg.), The Military Revolution Debate. Readings on the Military Transformation of Early Modern Europe, 1995
Van Nimwegen, O., The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688.
Attribution for the map used in this video goes to: By Nederlandse Leeuw - Own work, based on File:Tachtigjarigeoorlog-1585.png by Stuntelaar CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27414449 (via Wikimedia).
https://wn.com/The_Dutch_'Military_Revolution'_During_The_Eighty_Years_War_|_Early_Modern_Warfare
The Dutch military reforms during the Eighty Years' War influenced the nature of European warfare strongly and lastingly. Facing the Spanish Army, the true military giant of the time, the Dutch were hard pressed to improve their own army with quick but decisive innovation.
The backbone of the Spanish Pike and Shot tactic was the so-called ‘Tercio’, a deep square formation consisting of pike men and shot infantry usually supplemented by cavalry and artillery. The basic idea was that the muskets and arquebuses shoot the enemies to pieces while the pikes provide sufficient protection from enemy cavalry attacks. But how did the Dutch counter this military goliath?
Recent historiography explains it as follows: During the Eighty Years’ War it became clear to Maurice of Nassau, prince of Orange, that he had to change his army significantly if he wanted to defend the newly formed Dutch federation. But during this period most armed conflicts actually weren't open field battles but sieges. As long as they were entrenched in or themselves sieging a fortress, the expert on this topic Olaf Van Nimwegen explains, the Dutch were well capable to go toe to toe with the Spanish. But it was crucial to have an effective force that could credibly challenge opponents in open field to prevent becoming the enemy’s puppet. The English officer John Bingham, who had served in the Dutch army, summarized this as follows: “he who is master of the field may spoyle the Enemies Country at his pleasure, he may march where he thinketh best” Thus, the Dutch were primarily concerned with ameliorating their capabilities in open field battles.
Patreon (thank you): https://www.patreon.com/sandrhomanhistory
Paypal (thank you: paypal.me/SandRhomanhistory
We also have Twitter: https://twitter.com/Sandrhoman
#history #dutch #netherlands
Some of the music (this particular song is called the 'Landsknecht Music') was provided by MANIK dreams, a dear friend of mine. Check him out if you'd like to hear more.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrAB8HGJBoM
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Sandrhoman
Bibliography
Arndt, J., s.v. ‘Niederländischer Aufstand’, in: Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit.
Ayton, A., / Price, J. L., (Hrsg.), The Medieval Military Revolution. State, Society and Military Change in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, 199J. Black, A Military Revolution? Military Change and European Society 1550–1800, 1991.
Dierk, W., s.v. ‘Heeresreform’, in: Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit
Meumann, M., s.v. ‘Military Revolution’, in: Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit.
Parker G., The »Military Revolution«, 1560–1660 – a Myth?, in: Journal of Modern History 48.2, 1976, 196–214
Parker, G., Die militärische Revolution. Die Kriegskunst und der Aufstieg des Westens 1500–1800, 1990 (engl. 1988)
Parker, G., The Limits to Revolutions in Military Affairs: Maurice of Nassau, the Battle of Nieuwpoort (1600), and the Legacy, in The Journal of Military History, 71;2, 2007; S. 331 – 372.
Parker, G., From the House of Orange to the House of Bush. 400 years of Revolutions in Military Affairs, in: militaire Spectator, 172, IV (2003), p. 177-93.
Roberts, M.: The military revolution, 1560–1660. In: Clifford J. Rogers: The military revolution debate. Readings on the military transformation of early modern Europe. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo. 1995, S. 13–35.
Rogers, C.J. / Tallet F. (editors), European Warfare, 1350–1750, 2010.
Rogers, C. J., (Hrsg.), The Military Revolution Debate. Readings on the Military Transformation of Early Modern Europe, 1995
Van Nimwegen, O., The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688.
Attribution for the map used in this video goes to: By Nederlandse Leeuw - Own work, based on File:Tachtigjarigeoorlog-1585.png by Stuntelaar CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27414449 (via Wikimedia).
- published: 01 Mar 2020
- views: 594206
13:44
Dutch Golden Age: Crash Course European History #15
While the English were falling apart a little, with their civil war and their restoration and their succession problems, the Dutch were getting their act togeth...
While the English were falling apart a little, with their civil war and their restoration and their succession problems, the Dutch were getting their act together. They were throwing off the yoke of the Spanish Empire, uniting their provinces, and building out their global trade network. Today, we'll learn about how the Dutch came to their Golden Age, and how it ended.
Sources
-Hunt, Lynn. Making of the West. Peoples and Cultures. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2019.
-Parker, Geoffrey. Global Crisis: War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.
-Popkin, Richard. The History of Scepticism: From Savonarola to Bayle. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
-Rommelse, Gijs. "The role of mercantilism in Anglo-Dutch political relations, 1650–74." Economic History Review 63#3 (2010) pp. 591–611.
-Smith, Bonnie G. Modern Empires Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Timothy J Kwist, Brian Thomas Gossett, Haxiang N/A Liu, Jonathan Zbikowski, Siobhan Sabino, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, David Noe, Shawn Arnold, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
#history #europeanhistory #crashcourse
https://wn.com/Dutch_Golden_Age_Crash_Course_European_History_15
While the English were falling apart a little, with their civil war and their restoration and their succession problems, the Dutch were getting their act together. They were throwing off the yoke of the Spanish Empire, uniting their provinces, and building out their global trade network. Today, we'll learn about how the Dutch came to their Golden Age, and how it ended.
Sources
-Hunt, Lynn. Making of the West. Peoples and Cultures. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2019.
-Parker, Geoffrey. Global Crisis: War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.
-Popkin, Richard. The History of Scepticism: From Savonarola to Bayle. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
-Rommelse, Gijs. "The role of mercantilism in Anglo-Dutch political relations, 1650–74." Economic History Review 63#3 (2010) pp. 591–611.
-Smith, Bonnie G. Modern Empires Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Timothy J Kwist, Brian Thomas Gossett, Haxiang N/A Liu, Jonathan Zbikowski, Siobhan Sabino, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, David Noe, Shawn Arnold, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
#history #europeanhistory #crashcourse
- published: 13 Aug 2019
- views: 1046459
1:14:39
Eighty Years' War (1500 - 1566) Ep. 1 - Before the Storm
The full story of the Eighty Years' War, the Dutch Revolt against their Lord, the King of Spain.
When Holy Roman Emperor Charles V resigned as Lord of the Neth...
The full story of the Eighty Years' War, the Dutch Revolt against their Lord, the King of Spain.
When Holy Roman Emperor Charles V resigned as Lord of the Netherlands in 1555, his son King Felipe II took over from him. He wanted to unite the independent States into one country and used the inquisition to get rid of the Protestants. The Dutch resisted, and a revolt was brewing...
#eightyyearswar #tachtigjarigeoorlog #80jarigeoorlog
--- SOURCES AND INFO ---
Sources, music list, links to socials: https://defraggedhistory.com/
Images and stock footage from Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Pexels.com, Pixabay.com, and own work.
All music is licensed through Epidemic Sound.
CHAPTERS:
00:00:00 00. Titles
00:00:08 01. The History So Far...
00:03:59 02. Cuius Regio, Eius Religio
00:07:06 03. Polar Opposites
00:12:24 04. The Silent Within
00:17:01 05. Disgraceful and Disastrous
00:21:08 06. Disinclined to Acquiesce to Your Request
00:26:54 07. La Consulta
00:29:07 08. Black Traitor
00:31:41 09. The Iron Fist from Spain
00:35:19 10. The Red Dragon
00:38:48 11. League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
00:44:15 12. The Monk Mummy
00:48:35 13. The Silent Speaks
00:52:12 14. Court Jester
00:57:44 15. Lord of Heretics
01:02:25 16. The Compromise
01:05:41 17. Que des Gueux
01:10:19 18. The Beggars' Bells
01:11:49 19. Knuckle Under
https://wn.com/Eighty_Years'_War_(1500_1566)_Ep._1_Before_The_Storm
The full story of the Eighty Years' War, the Dutch Revolt against their Lord, the King of Spain.
When Holy Roman Emperor Charles V resigned as Lord of the Netherlands in 1555, his son King Felipe II took over from him. He wanted to unite the independent States into one country and used the inquisition to get rid of the Protestants. The Dutch resisted, and a revolt was brewing...
#eightyyearswar #tachtigjarigeoorlog #80jarigeoorlog
--- SOURCES AND INFO ---
Sources, music list, links to socials: https://defraggedhistory.com/
Images and stock footage from Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Pexels.com, Pixabay.com, and own work.
All music is licensed through Epidemic Sound.
CHAPTERS:
00:00:00 00. Titles
00:00:08 01. The History So Far...
00:03:59 02. Cuius Regio, Eius Religio
00:07:06 03. Polar Opposites
00:12:24 04. The Silent Within
00:17:01 05. Disgraceful and Disastrous
00:21:08 06. Disinclined to Acquiesce to Your Request
00:26:54 07. La Consulta
00:29:07 08. Black Traitor
00:31:41 09. The Iron Fist from Spain
00:35:19 10. The Red Dragon
00:38:48 11. League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
00:44:15 12. The Monk Mummy
00:48:35 13. The Silent Speaks
00:52:12 14. Court Jester
00:57:44 15. Lord of Heretics
01:02:25 16. The Compromise
01:05:41 17. Que des Gueux
01:10:19 18. The Beggars' Bells
01:11:49 19. Knuckle Under
- published: 31 Jan 2021
- views: 76019
4:17
Was the Glorious Revolution a Dutch Conquest? (Short Animated Documentary)
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2
Special ...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2
Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon:
Kevin Sanders
Chris Fatta
Daniel Lambert
Richard Wolfe
Joshua
Tom Loghrin
Warren Rudkin
Andrew Niedbala
Mitchell Wildoer
Blaine Tillack
Bernardo Santos
Matthew
John Garcia
Richard Hartzell
Will Davis-Coleman
Danny Anstess
Henry Rabung
August Block
Perry Gagne
Shaun Pullin
Joooooshhhhh
Vesko Dinev
PaulToon
Kelly Moneymaker
FuzzytheFair
Armani_Banani
Jeffrey Schneider
Byzans_Scotorius
Seth Reeves
Haydn Noble
Josh Cornelius
Gideon Rashkes
Spencer Smith
Cornel Borină
Roberto
Andrew Keeling
Richard Manklow
Chance Cansler
João Santos
Gabriel Lunde
Pierre Le Mouel
anon
Reuploaded because facts are important and one shouldn't overestimate a woman's age.
The English Crisis, Emperor Leopold, and the Origins of the Dutch Intervention in 1688 by Christoph Kampmann.
The Idea of Conquest in Controversies Over the 1688 Revolution by M. P. Thompson.
The Glorious Revolution in America. by David S. Lovejoy
https://wn.com/Was_The_Glorious_Revolution_A_Dutch_Conquest_(Short_Animated_Documentary)
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2
Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon:
Kevin Sanders
Chris Fatta
Daniel Lambert
Richard Wolfe
Joshua
Tom Loghrin
Warren Rudkin
Andrew Niedbala
Mitchell Wildoer
Blaine Tillack
Bernardo Santos
Matthew
John Garcia
Richard Hartzell
Will Davis-Coleman
Danny Anstess
Henry Rabung
August Block
Perry Gagne
Shaun Pullin
Joooooshhhhh
Vesko Dinev
PaulToon
Kelly Moneymaker
FuzzytheFair
Armani_Banani
Jeffrey Schneider
Byzans_Scotorius
Seth Reeves
Haydn Noble
Josh Cornelius
Gideon Rashkes
Spencer Smith
Cornel Borină
Roberto
Andrew Keeling
Richard Manklow
Chance Cansler
João Santos
Gabriel Lunde
Pierre Le Mouel
anon
Reuploaded because facts are important and one shouldn't overestimate a woman's age.
The English Crisis, Emperor Leopold, and the Origins of the Dutch Intervention in 1688 by Christoph Kampmann.
The Idea of Conquest in Controversies Over the 1688 Revolution by M. P. Thompson.
The Glorious Revolution in America. by David S. Lovejoy
- published: 07 Sep 2019
- views: 1354064
3:00
The DUTCH Golden Age, Explained [AP Euro Review—Unit 3 Topic 5]
GET FOLLOW-ALONG NOTEGUIDES for this video: https://bit.ly/432NiE9
AP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet):
+AP Euro Heimler ...
GET FOLLOW-ALONG NOTEGUIDES for this video: https://bit.ly/432NiE9
AP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet):
+AP Euro Heimler Review Guide: https://bit.ly/3PCPyiw
+AP Essay CRAM Course (DBQ, LEQ, SAQ Help): https://bit.ly/3XuwaWN
+Bundle Heimler Review Guide and Essay CRAM Course: https://bit.ly/3XvJGt4
HEIMLER’S HISTORY MERCH! https://bit.ly/3d3iejm
Tiktok: @steveheimler
Instagram: @heimlers_history
Heimler's History DISCORD Server: https://discord.gg/heimlershistory
In this video Heimler explained the Dutch Golden Age, which corresponds to the AP European History curriculum, Unit 3 Topic 5 (3.5).
After the Dutch revolted against the Spanish Habsburgs, they won their independence and established the Dutch Republic and became the most prosperous state in Europe.
https://wn.com/The_Dutch_Golden_Age,_Explained_Ap_Euro_Review—Unit_3_Topic_5
GET FOLLOW-ALONG NOTEGUIDES for this video: https://bit.ly/432NiE9
AP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet):
+AP Euro Heimler Review Guide: https://bit.ly/3PCPyiw
+AP Essay CRAM Course (DBQ, LEQ, SAQ Help): https://bit.ly/3XuwaWN
+Bundle Heimler Review Guide and Essay CRAM Course: https://bit.ly/3XvJGt4
HEIMLER’S HISTORY MERCH! https://bit.ly/3d3iejm
Tiktok: @steveheimler
Instagram: @heimlers_history
Heimler's History DISCORD Server: https://discord.gg/heimlershistory
In this video Heimler explained the Dutch Golden Age, which corresponds to the AP European History curriculum, Unit 3 Topic 5 (3.5).
After the Dutch revolted against the Spanish Habsburgs, they won their independence and established the Dutch Republic and became the most prosperous state in Europe.
- published: 26 Sep 2022
- views: 50417
4:53
The United Kingdom of the Netherlands: History Matters (Short Animated Documentary)
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2
Special ...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2
Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon:
Franco La Bruna
James Baker
Daniel Lambert
Richard Wolfe
Chris Fatta
Joshua
William Foster
Blaine Tillack
Andrew Niedbala
Mitchell Wildoer
Bernardo Santos
Cornel
Thomas Mitchell
Norman A. Letterman
Danny Anstess
Matthew Crighton
Shaun Pullin
Joooooshhhhh
Perry Gagne
Fuzzythefair
Daan ter Elst
Byzans_Scotorius
Spencer Smith
Richard Manklow
Andrew Keeling
Rbj
Mark Bevan
João Santos
anon
This episode covers the United Kingdom of the Netherlands from its founding in 1814 all the way until its end in 1830 after the Belgian Revolution. It only had one king, William I (although his dad was William V because titles) and he really did try to unite the north and the south. He was a tad authoritarian though and his ignoring the south's issues led to its declaration of independence as the Kingdom of Belgium. Belgium's place between France and Prussia saw Britain guarantee its independence which led to its declaration of war against Germany in 1914.
https://wn.com/The_United_Kingdom_Of_The_Netherlands_History_Matters_(Short_Animated_Documentary)
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2
Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon:
Franco La Bruna
James Baker
Daniel Lambert
Richard Wolfe
Chris Fatta
Joshua
William Foster
Blaine Tillack
Andrew Niedbala
Mitchell Wildoer
Bernardo Santos
Cornel
Thomas Mitchell
Norman A. Letterman
Danny Anstess
Matthew Crighton
Shaun Pullin
Joooooshhhhh
Perry Gagne
Fuzzythefair
Daan ter Elst
Byzans_Scotorius
Spencer Smith
Richard Manklow
Andrew Keeling
Rbj
Mark Bevan
João Santos
anon
This episode covers the United Kingdom of the Netherlands from its founding in 1814 all the way until its end in 1830 after the Belgian Revolution. It only had one king, William I (although his dad was William V because titles) and he really did try to unite the north and the south. He was a tad authoritarian though and his ignoring the south's issues led to its declaration of independence as the Kingdom of Belgium. Belgium's place between France and Prussia saw Britain guarantee its independence which led to its declaration of war against Germany in 1914.
- published: 27 Mar 2019
- views: 1358296