A duchy (spelled with capital D when it is part of a country's name or a title of a head of state) is a country, territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. The term is used almost exclusively in Europe, where in present-day there is no sovereign Duchy (i.e. with the status of a nation state) left.
The term "Duke" (resp. "Duchy") should not be confounded with the title "Grand Duke" (resp. "Grand Duchy", such as the present-day Grand Duchy of Luxembourg), as there exists a significant difference of rank between the two.
In common European cultural heritage, a Grand Duke is the third highest monarchic rank, after Emperor and King. Its synonym in many eastern European languages (Russian, Lithuanian etc.) is Grand Prince, whereas most western European languages (English, French, Spanish, Italian etc.) use the expression Grand Duke. Unlike a duke, the sovereign Grand Duke is considered to be part of "Royalty" (i.e. royal nobility, in German: Königsadel). The correct form of address is His Royal Highness (HRH).
Among the Lombards, the duke or dux was the man who act as political and military commander of a set of "military families" (the Fara), irrespective of any territorial appropriation.
Etymology
The proper Lombard language term for the figure of the duke is not known; the oldest Lombard historiographical sources (the anonymous Origo gentis Langobardorum and Historia Langobardorum of Paul Deacon) were written in Latin. The Latin word dux was adopted to designate a political and military figure that had no exact equivalent in the classical world, thus redefining the concept of "duke" in a form that would continue to develop in later centuries.
History
The figure of the Duke emerged between the 4th and 5th centuries, after the German people settled between the Elbe and the current northern Bohemia. At that time the Lombards were nomads, forming homogeneous groups and compact families originating from the same noble clan, and able to organize themselves into quotas with military functions: the Fare. The Dukes were the leaders of the Fare. In that office they were honored as warriors for the dynastic ties and their valor shown in war, and later rewarded by the king. The figure of the Lombard Duke encompassed a mixture of military, noble, sacral (invested by the king, attended his "charisma"), political, judicial and administrative elements. In the assembly of the people in arms ( "Gairethinx"), the dukes had a prominent role, and were decisive in the election of the king.
The Duchy or Ducatus (Hungarian:dukátus or hercegség) is the denomination for territories occasionally governed separately by members (dukes) of the Árpád dynasty within the Kingdom of Hungary in the 11th-12th centuries. The symbol of the ducal power was a sword, while the royal power was represented by the crown.
Origins
Modern historians do not share a consensual view on the origins of the Duchy or territorial units administered by members of the royal family within the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.György Györffy writes that the Ducatus or "Duchy" developed from the command over the Kabars and other ethnic groups which joined the federation of the Hungarian tribes. According to his opinion, this command was initially, even before the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin around 895, bestowed upon the heir to the supreme head of the Hungarian tribal federation, in accordance with the customs of the Turkic peoples of the Eurasian steppes. Therefore, Györffy continues, the crown prince's command over these ethnic groups transformed, in the course of the 10th century, into his authority over the territories where they settled. Tringli says that it is possible that Koppány's domains in Transdanubia and Saint Emeric's territories (he bore the title of Duke of Russians) were duchies too in accordance with steppe tradition. On the other hand, Gyula Kristó, who refused Györffy's theory, writes that the Duchy only came into being when King Andrew I of Hungary granted one third of his kingdom to his younger brother, Béla around 1048. He cites the Illuminated Chronicle which clearly states that this was the "first division of the kingdom".
[Tash] Yeah, this is the part where the party get live y'all! My name is CaTashTraphe for the fellas But all the ladies, y'all can call me "Rico" Cuz that's my name And this is my night tonight And everybody knows "Rico" got the "HOO!" I got fly hoes lined up like they gettin free weaves Who's next to test my sex expertise Mister All-Nighter, excites ya when he bites ya Tash be havin bitches crawlin walls like a spider Cuz you heard me on the radio ya seen me on the TV If you get my drunk enough I'll eat that pussy like a kiwi My dick be comin at ya like 3-D glasses I always get it poppin wit my backstage passes Tash is, mackalicious, rap style vicous Can't help you wit your rent but you can help me wit these dishes My little mistress said "Tash you look suspicious, what the fuck you thinkin 'bout?" You know my other bitches I got it, goin on wit the flowin I'm the flyest rapper out and ladies wouldn't even know it (Say what!) This how it's goin, Likwit flowin like fluid Pimpin ain't easy but somebody gotta do it How you want it baby? (In the front, in the back) Do you like it baby? (Yeah I like it like that) Well we can do it baby, fast, slow, hard or soft Cuz this is what happens when the lights go off [Chorus] That nigga "Rico" got "HOO!" 3x "Rico HOO!" So fuck wastin half the night tryin to find Miss Right Me and my niggas start to holler first bitch that's tight (hey!) My Likwit niggas do it right until the broad day light The best head I ever got was on a airplane flight Type to death single minglin that lays the pipe well It's off from the second I smell that Chanel Wit steel-belted condoms wit the bulletproof shield If you ain't got no weed, once I fuck, happy trails (See ya!) Tash tips the scales at one-seventy-nine I'm designed to push these lyrics down assembly lines So my style is blue collar but the ladies still holler If you sayin I'm a dog, that means you fucked a rottweiler Top dollar rhyme inker, that's half my appeal No scars on my grill, nah bitch I'm not Seal I'm just a fly nigga that likes to keep it real If you don't feel me yet, keep listenin and you will! Chorus So last of all I'd like to say before I get on my way Is leave your dike friend wit Tash, the next day she won't be gay Matter of fact, she'll probably say "Last night, it changed my life" Cuz I beat it up so good she took me home to meet her wife Cuz Tash lay the wood so good I leave em screamin I hurt em by myself so no need to double-team em I stick em wit the pole till they lose control But I'm not here to save ya, nah girl that's not my goal I'm comin outta Cali so you know we don't love ya Even if you was my girl I would still wear a rubber Cuz this is how it's goin, Likwit flowin like fluid Pimpin ain't easy but somebody gotta do it
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The investigation by The Sunday Times into the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall and the inordinately high rent they charge schools, charities, the NHS and many other institutions leaves a sour taste ...
Despite their huge untaxed duchy revenues, King Charles and Prince William are still trying to claim the moral high ground The British public remains immensely forgiving of royal failings, ...
Prince William and his father King Charles are accused of making millions by leasing their land to cash-strapped public services - but what are the Duchies? ... .
Prince William's Duchy of Cornwall has been accused of acting like a 'rogue landlord' as furious tenants claim they are living in freezing homes riddled with mould ... Reframed exhibition in London) committed to an expansive transformation of the Duchy.
The Prince of Wales’sDuchy has been accused of allowing homes on royal land to grow mouldy, according to a new investigation ... The Duchy of Cornwall estate is ...
The Duchy of Cornwall’s Kew An Lergh development in Nansledan has scooped a national award having been praised by the judges as a “small project with a big social impact” ...Ben Murphy, estate director for the Duchy of Cornwall, said.
