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Comparative Anatomy: What Makes Us Animals - Crash Course Biology #21
Hank introduces us to comparative anatomy, which studies the similarities and differences in animal anatomy to support the theory of evolution and the shared ancestry of living things.
References:
Campbell Biology, 9th ed.
CliffsAP Biology, 3rd ed.
Thomas Henry Huxley: http://www.strangescience.net/huxley.htm
Tissues: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/14-anatomy.htm
Divergence time estimates for the early history of animal phyla...
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1689654/
Table of Contents:
1) Comparative Anatomy 0:00
2) Locomotion 1:19
3) Heterotophy 1:41
4) Convergent Evolution 2:40
5) Biolography 3:40
6) Tissues 6:00
a) Epithelial Tissue 6:11
b) Connective Tissue 6:33
c) Muscle Tissue 7:01
d) Nerve Tissue 7:14
7) Organs 7:32
8) Organ Systems 7:39
Crash Course is on Pa...
published: 18 Jun 2012
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Comparative anatomy of the Radius and ulna
Radius
While in the human the radius and ulna are separated by an interosseus space and articulate only at their extremities, allowing for significant capability of supination and pronation, these movements are much more limited in domestic animals due to the gradual fusing of the two bones. The extreme case is exhibited by the horse.
The radius forms the shaft-like rod of the distal limb, which is bowed to varying degrees amongst species. It articulates proximally with the distal humerus, caudally with the ulna, and distally with the carpus. Medially on the distal articular process, a styloid process projects, which is mirrored laterally by the ulna.
Ulna
The Ulna's greatest contribution to functional anatomy is in the formation of the olecranon, or the point of the elbow, which gives r...
published: 19 Sep 2020
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Comparative Anatomy | Dog vs Human Heart
Despite being a different species, dogs share many anatomical similarities with humans. In fact, the existing differences between the canine and human cardiovascular systems are relatively subtle. However, using Anatomage's software, anatomical differences between the canine and the human heart can be visibly examined through 3D visualization.
published: 23 Mar 2022
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Comparative anatomy of the atlas / C1
The first cervical vertebra is known as the atlas , and is modified to allow movement of the head. The atlas has no conventional body, instead it is composed of two lateral masses joined by dorsal and ventral arches. The wing of the atlas is the transverse process of this vertebra and allows the spinal column to articulate with the skull, by providing a resting place for the occipital condyles.
See you in the next anatomical video, where we are going to talk about the second cervical vertebra / Axis
Please don't forget to subscribe, share and hit the notification bell.
published: 30 Aug 2020
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Comparative Anatomy (Muscular System)
published: 02 Feb 2021
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Scapula - Comparative anatomy
The Scapula forms the basis of the shoulder region, providing points of attachment of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. It is held in place by a synsarcosis of muscles and does not form a conventional articulation with the trunk. In ungulates, the dorsal border is extended by a scapular cartilage, which enlarges the area for muscle attachment. This ossifies with age. The bone is roughly triangular, with a prominent spine that can be palpated through the skin.
The spine: defines infraspinous and supraspinous fossae, inhabited by the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles respectively serves as a point of attachment for the trapezius muscle culminates in the acromion in all but not the horse and pig.
the cat also possesses a suprahamate process which lies proximal to the acromion and projec...
published: 19 Aug 2020
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Comparative Anatomy of the Pelvis
In this video we are talking about the anatomy of the pelvis of the horse and the main differences between the main domestic animals.
The ilium makes up the craniodorsal part of the hip bone. It e
The pelvis consists of two hip bones (os coxae) which is formed by the fusion of three bones: ilium, pubis and ischium.
The ilium makes up the craniodorsal part of the hip bone. It extends in a cranio-dorsal direction, from the hip joint to the articulation with the sacrum. It is made from a cranial wing and a caudal body.
Ilial Wing:
The margin of the wing is known as the iliac crest. Along the crest are two very important anatomical landmarks:
Tuber Coxae or Coxal Tuberosity forms the palpable point of the hip.
Sacral Tuber is the thickened mediodorsal angle of the ilial wing.
The lateral surf...
published: 05 Oct 2020
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Comparative Anatomy as Evidence of Evolution
Comparative Anatomy as Evidence of Evolution
published: 24 May 2017
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Anatomy of a Genocide A Failure of the International System
Brown University
September 23, 2024
published: 01 Oct 2024
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Comparative anatomy of the tibia
Tibia
The tibia is one of the major weight bearing bones of the hind limb and is involved in both the stifle and hock. The tibia can be divided into three distinct sections:
1.Proximal Extremity
It is three sided and has two condyles which are separated by the popliteal notch on its caudal aspect. The condyles have an articular surface which articulates with its corresponding femoral condyle or the distal surface of the meniscus. In between these articular surfaces lies the intercondylar eminence. The central intercondylar area divides this into a higher medial part and a lower lateral part. Cranial and caudal to the eminence are depressions where ligaments attach. The lateral side of the condyle has an articular facet for the articulation with the fibula. The extensor groove is a large ...
published: 12 Oct 2020
8:51
Comparative Anatomy: What Makes Us Animals - Crash Course Biology #21
Hank introduces us to comparative anatomy, which studies the similarities and differences in animal anatomy to support the theory of evolution and the shared an...
Hank introduces us to comparative anatomy, which studies the similarities and differences in animal anatomy to support the theory of evolution and the shared ancestry of living things.
References:
Campbell Biology, 9th ed.
CliffsAP Biology, 3rd ed.
Thomas Henry Huxley: http://www.strangescience.net/huxley.htm
Tissues: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/14-anatomy.htm
Divergence time estimates for the early history of animal phyla...
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1689654/
Table of Contents:
1) Comparative Anatomy 0:00
2) Locomotion 1:19
3) Heterotophy 1:41
4) Convergent Evolution 2:40
5) Biolography 3:40
6) Tissues 6:00
a) Epithelial Tissue 6:11
b) Connective Tissue 6:33
c) Muscle Tissue 7:01
d) Nerve Tissue 7:14
7) Organs 7:32
8) Organ Systems 7:39
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
https://wn.com/Comparative_Anatomy_What_Makes_US_Animals_Crash_Course_Biology_21
Hank introduces us to comparative anatomy, which studies the similarities and differences in animal anatomy to support the theory of evolution and the shared ancestry of living things.
References:
Campbell Biology, 9th ed.
CliffsAP Biology, 3rd ed.
Thomas Henry Huxley: http://www.strangescience.net/huxley.htm
Tissues: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/14-anatomy.htm
Divergence time estimates for the early history of animal phyla...
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1689654/
Table of Contents:
1) Comparative Anatomy 0:00
2) Locomotion 1:19
3) Heterotophy 1:41
4) Convergent Evolution 2:40
5) Biolography 3:40
6) Tissues 6:00
a) Epithelial Tissue 6:11
b) Connective Tissue 6:33
c) Muscle Tissue 7:01
d) Nerve Tissue 7:14
7) Organs 7:32
8) Organ Systems 7:39
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
- published: 18 Jun 2012
- views: 737933
26:09
Comparative anatomy of the Radius and ulna
Radius
While in the human the radius and ulna are separated by an interosseus space and articulate only at their extremities, allowing for significant capabilit...
Radius
While in the human the radius and ulna are separated by an interosseus space and articulate only at their extremities, allowing for significant capability of supination and pronation, these movements are much more limited in domestic animals due to the gradual fusing of the two bones. The extreme case is exhibited by the horse.
The radius forms the shaft-like rod of the distal limb, which is bowed to varying degrees amongst species. It articulates proximally with the distal humerus, caudally with the ulna, and distally with the carpus. Medially on the distal articular process, a styloid process projects, which is mirrored laterally by the ulna.
Ulna
The Ulna's greatest contribution to functional anatomy is in the formation of the olecranon, or the point of the elbow, which gives rise to the attachment of the triceps muscle. The olecranon articulates with the humerus via its anconeal process. The olecranon develops as an apophysis, i.e.. from a separate site of ossification. The trochlear notch on the cranial aspect of the ulna articulates with the large trochlea of the humerus which forms the main elbow joint capable of flexion and extension. Just distal to the trochlear notch, a large medial coronoid process and a smaller lateral coronoid process can be seen. Distally (where unfused), the lateral styloid process articulates with the ulnar carpal bone.
For more info, visit our Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/animalsanatomy
Don't forget to subscribe, share and hit the bell
https://wn.com/Comparative_Anatomy_Of_The_Radius_And_Ulna
Radius
While in the human the radius and ulna are separated by an interosseus space and articulate only at their extremities, allowing for significant capability of supination and pronation, these movements are much more limited in domestic animals due to the gradual fusing of the two bones. The extreme case is exhibited by the horse.
The radius forms the shaft-like rod of the distal limb, which is bowed to varying degrees amongst species. It articulates proximally with the distal humerus, caudally with the ulna, and distally with the carpus. Medially on the distal articular process, a styloid process projects, which is mirrored laterally by the ulna.
Ulna
The Ulna's greatest contribution to functional anatomy is in the formation of the olecranon, or the point of the elbow, which gives rise to the attachment of the triceps muscle. The olecranon articulates with the humerus via its anconeal process. The olecranon develops as an apophysis, i.e.. from a separate site of ossification. The trochlear notch on the cranial aspect of the ulna articulates with the large trochlea of the humerus which forms the main elbow joint capable of flexion and extension. Just distal to the trochlear notch, a large medial coronoid process and a smaller lateral coronoid process can be seen. Distally (where unfused), the lateral styloid process articulates with the ulnar carpal bone.
For more info, visit our Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/animalsanatomy
Don't forget to subscribe, share and hit the bell
- published: 19 Sep 2020
- views: 38868
1:38
Comparative Anatomy | Dog vs Human Heart
Despite being a different species, dogs share many anatomical similarities with humans. In fact, the existing differences between the canine and human cardiovas...
Despite being a different species, dogs share many anatomical similarities with humans. In fact, the existing differences between the canine and human cardiovascular systems are relatively subtle. However, using Anatomage's software, anatomical differences between the canine and the human heart can be visibly examined through 3D visualization.
https://wn.com/Comparative_Anatomy_|_Dog_Vs_Human_Heart
Despite being a different species, dogs share many anatomical similarities with humans. In fact, the existing differences between the canine and human cardiovascular systems are relatively subtle. However, using Anatomage's software, anatomical differences between the canine and the human heart can be visibly examined through 3D visualization.
- published: 23 Mar 2022
- views: 8953
17:20
Comparative anatomy of the atlas / C1
The first cervical vertebra is known as the atlas , and is modified to allow movement of the head. The atlas has no conventional body, instead it is composed of...
The first cervical vertebra is known as the atlas , and is modified to allow movement of the head. The atlas has no conventional body, instead it is composed of two lateral masses joined by dorsal and ventral arches. The wing of the atlas is the transverse process of this vertebra and allows the spinal column to articulate with the skull, by providing a resting place for the occipital condyles.
See you in the next anatomical video, where we are going to talk about the second cervical vertebra / Axis
Please don't forget to subscribe, share and hit the notification bell.
https://wn.com/Comparative_Anatomy_Of_The_Atlas_C1
The first cervical vertebra is known as the atlas , and is modified to allow movement of the head. The atlas has no conventional body, instead it is composed of two lateral masses joined by dorsal and ventral arches. The wing of the atlas is the transverse process of this vertebra and allows the spinal column to articulate with the skull, by providing a resting place for the occipital condyles.
See you in the next anatomical video, where we are going to talk about the second cervical vertebra / Axis
Please don't forget to subscribe, share and hit the notification bell.
- published: 30 Aug 2020
- views: 38292
28:41
Scapula - Comparative anatomy
The Scapula forms the basis of the shoulder region, providing points of attachment of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. It is held in place by a synsarcosis of m...
The Scapula forms the basis of the shoulder region, providing points of attachment of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. It is held in place by a synsarcosis of muscles and does not form a conventional articulation with the trunk. In ungulates, the dorsal border is extended by a scapular cartilage, which enlarges the area for muscle attachment. This ossifies with age. The bone is roughly triangular, with a prominent spine that can be palpated through the skin.
The spine: defines infraspinous and supraspinous fossae, inhabited by the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles respectively serves as a point of attachment for the trapezius muscle culminates in the acromion in all but not the horse and pig.
the cat also possesses a suprahamate process which lies proximal to the acromion and projects caudally.
Just cranial to the glenoid cavity can be seen a bony prominence called the supraglenoid tubercle which is the origin of the biceps bracii muscle
Medial muscle attachment consist mostly of the subscapularis, with the serratus ventralis attaching dorsally. The Scapula articulates with the humerus at the glenoid cavity.
https://wn.com/Scapula_Comparative_Anatomy
The Scapula forms the basis of the shoulder region, providing points of attachment of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. It is held in place by a synsarcosis of muscles and does not form a conventional articulation with the trunk. In ungulates, the dorsal border is extended by a scapular cartilage, which enlarges the area for muscle attachment. This ossifies with age. The bone is roughly triangular, with a prominent spine that can be palpated through the skin.
The spine: defines infraspinous and supraspinous fossae, inhabited by the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles respectively serves as a point of attachment for the trapezius muscle culminates in the acromion in all but not the horse and pig.
the cat also possesses a suprahamate process which lies proximal to the acromion and projects caudally.
Just cranial to the glenoid cavity can be seen a bony prominence called the supraglenoid tubercle which is the origin of the biceps bracii muscle
Medial muscle attachment consist mostly of the subscapularis, with the serratus ventralis attaching dorsally. The Scapula articulates with the humerus at the glenoid cavity.
- published: 19 Aug 2020
- views: 53508
35:24
Comparative Anatomy of the Pelvis
In this video we are talking about the anatomy of the pelvis of the horse and the main differences between the main domestic animals.
The ilium makes up the cra...
In this video we are talking about the anatomy of the pelvis of the horse and the main differences between the main domestic animals.
The ilium makes up the craniodorsal part of the hip bone. It e
The pelvis consists of two hip bones (os coxae) which is formed by the fusion of three bones: ilium, pubis and ischium.
The ilium makes up the craniodorsal part of the hip bone. It extends in a cranio-dorsal direction, from the hip joint to the articulation with the sacrum. It is made from a cranial wing and a caudal body.
Ilial Wing:
The margin of the wing is known as the iliac crest. Along the crest are two very important anatomical landmarks:
Tuber Coxae or Coxal Tuberosity forms the palpable point of the hip.
Sacral Tuber is the thickened mediodorsal angle of the ilial wing.
The lateral surface of the wing provides a point of attachment for the gluteal muscles. The medial surface has two distinct parts:
The lateroventral part provides the point of insertion for many pelvic muscles.
The mediodorsal part articulates with the sacrum forming the sacroiliac joint.
The caudodorsal border of the wing is very concave and along its surface is the greater sciatic notch. This is where the sciatic nerve runs over the ilium.
Ilial Body
The only anatomical feature of note is the psoas tubercle on the ventral border. This provides attachment for the psoas muscle.
Ischium:
The Ischium can be divided into three main sections:
The body is part of the acetabulum. The dorsal border is continuous with that of the ilium forming the ischiatic spine which tapers towards the lesser sciatic notch.
The caudal plate extends cranially into the symphysial and acetabular branches, which form the caudal borders of the obturator foramen. The caudal section is thickened creating the ischial tuberosity that is a visible landmark in most animals. The medial caudal borders meet in a concave fashion forming a broad and deep notch called the ischial arch.
The medial branch forms the caudal section of the pelvic symphysis.
Pubis
The pubis is an L shaped bone that makes up one of the three bones of the pelvis. It consists of three parts:
Body
Transerse acetabular branch the cranial edge of which is the pectin of pubis and forms the iliopubic emminence, to which some of the abdominal muscles attach.
Sagittal symphysial branch
The two pubis fuse at the cranial section of the pubic symphysis. Lying off the ventral surface of the symphysis is the ventral pubic tubercle. The pubis forms more than half the obturator foramen. This is an opening in the pelvic floor that allows the obturator nerve to pass through it. The foramen is closed by musculature and soft tissue.
https://wn.com/Comparative_Anatomy_Of_The_Pelvis
In this video we are talking about the anatomy of the pelvis of the horse and the main differences between the main domestic animals.
The ilium makes up the craniodorsal part of the hip bone. It e
The pelvis consists of two hip bones (os coxae) which is formed by the fusion of three bones: ilium, pubis and ischium.
The ilium makes up the craniodorsal part of the hip bone. It extends in a cranio-dorsal direction, from the hip joint to the articulation with the sacrum. It is made from a cranial wing and a caudal body.
Ilial Wing:
The margin of the wing is known as the iliac crest. Along the crest are two very important anatomical landmarks:
Tuber Coxae or Coxal Tuberosity forms the palpable point of the hip.
Sacral Tuber is the thickened mediodorsal angle of the ilial wing.
The lateral surface of the wing provides a point of attachment for the gluteal muscles. The medial surface has two distinct parts:
The lateroventral part provides the point of insertion for many pelvic muscles.
The mediodorsal part articulates with the sacrum forming the sacroiliac joint.
The caudodorsal border of the wing is very concave and along its surface is the greater sciatic notch. This is where the sciatic nerve runs over the ilium.
Ilial Body
The only anatomical feature of note is the psoas tubercle on the ventral border. This provides attachment for the psoas muscle.
Ischium:
The Ischium can be divided into three main sections:
The body is part of the acetabulum. The dorsal border is continuous with that of the ilium forming the ischiatic spine which tapers towards the lesser sciatic notch.
The caudal plate extends cranially into the symphysial and acetabular branches, which form the caudal borders of the obturator foramen. The caudal section is thickened creating the ischial tuberosity that is a visible landmark in most animals. The medial caudal borders meet in a concave fashion forming a broad and deep notch called the ischial arch.
The medial branch forms the caudal section of the pelvic symphysis.
Pubis
The pubis is an L shaped bone that makes up one of the three bones of the pelvis. It consists of three parts:
Body
Transerse acetabular branch the cranial edge of which is the pectin of pubis and forms the iliopubic emminence, to which some of the abdominal muscles attach.
Sagittal symphysial branch
The two pubis fuse at the cranial section of the pubic symphysis. Lying off the ventral surface of the symphysis is the ventral pubic tubercle. The pubis forms more than half the obturator foramen. This is an opening in the pelvic floor that allows the obturator nerve to pass through it. The foramen is closed by musculature and soft tissue.
- published: 05 Oct 2020
- views: 42216
28:34
Comparative anatomy of the tibia
Tibia
The tibia is one of the major weight bearing bones of the hind limb and is involved in both the stifle and hock. The tibia can be divided into three disti...
Tibia
The tibia is one of the major weight bearing bones of the hind limb and is involved in both the stifle and hock. The tibia can be divided into three distinct sections:
1.Proximal Extremity
It is three sided and has two condyles which are separated by the popliteal notch on its caudal aspect. The condyles have an articular surface which articulates with its corresponding femoral condyle or the distal surface of the meniscus. In between these articular surfaces lies the intercondylar eminence. The central intercondylar area divides this into a higher medial part and a lower lateral part. Cranial and caudal to the eminence are depressions where ligaments attach. The lateral side of the condyle has an articular facet for the articulation with the fibula. The extensor groove is a large notch on the craniolateral aspect which allows passage of the long digital extensor muscle.
2.Tibial Shaft
It is craniocaudally compressed. The tibial tuberosity/tibial crest projects cranially from the proximal part of the shaft and is an important palpable landmark. The cranial border of the tibia is an extension of the crest distally. It divides the cranial aspect of the shaft in two. The medial aspect is subcutaneous and the lateral aspect is covered in muscles.
3. Distal Extremity
This carries the cochlea which has two grooves divided by a ridge. This central ridge is directed sagittally in most species. The cochlea articulates with the trochlear ridges of the talus. The medial malleolus lies on the medial side of the cochlea and is a bony protuberence. The lateral aspect of the cochlea is highly variable in domestic species.
Fibula
The fibula lies laterally to the tibia and proximally doesn't interact with the stifle joint. The fibula consists of a proximal head, a neck, a shaft and a distal extremity/lateral malleoulus. During evolution, the fibula has been reduced in size and so also in relative strength and function. The amount of reduction is highly variable in domestic species.
https://wn.com/Comparative_Anatomy_Of_The_Tibia
Tibia
The tibia is one of the major weight bearing bones of the hind limb and is involved in both the stifle and hock. The tibia can be divided into three distinct sections:
1.Proximal Extremity
It is three sided and has two condyles which are separated by the popliteal notch on its caudal aspect. The condyles have an articular surface which articulates with its corresponding femoral condyle or the distal surface of the meniscus. In between these articular surfaces lies the intercondylar eminence. The central intercondylar area divides this into a higher medial part and a lower lateral part. Cranial and caudal to the eminence are depressions where ligaments attach. The lateral side of the condyle has an articular facet for the articulation with the fibula. The extensor groove is a large notch on the craniolateral aspect which allows passage of the long digital extensor muscle.
2.Tibial Shaft
It is craniocaudally compressed. The tibial tuberosity/tibial crest projects cranially from the proximal part of the shaft and is an important palpable landmark. The cranial border of the tibia is an extension of the crest distally. It divides the cranial aspect of the shaft in two. The medial aspect is subcutaneous and the lateral aspect is covered in muscles.
3. Distal Extremity
This carries the cochlea which has two grooves divided by a ridge. This central ridge is directed sagittally in most species. The cochlea articulates with the trochlear ridges of the talus. The medial malleolus lies on the medial side of the cochlea and is a bony protuberence. The lateral aspect of the cochlea is highly variable in domestic species.
Fibula
The fibula lies laterally to the tibia and proximally doesn't interact with the stifle joint. The fibula consists of a proximal head, a neck, a shaft and a distal extremity/lateral malleoulus. During evolution, the fibula has been reduced in size and so also in relative strength and function. The amount of reduction is highly variable in domestic species.
- published: 12 Oct 2020
- views: 24577