- published: 20 Jan 2020
- views: 367643
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remove the playlistCervical Vertebra 4
- remove the playlistCervical Vertebra 4
Cervical vertebrae
In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the vertebrae immediately below the skull.
Thoracic vertebrae in all mammalian species are those vertebrae that also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. Further caudally follow the lumbar vertebrae, which also belong to the trunk, but do not carry ribs. In reptiles, all trunk vertebrae carry ribs and are called dorsal vertebrae.
In many species, though not in mammals, the cervical vertebrae bear ribs. In many other groups, such as lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are large; in birds, they are small and completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes.
In humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which the vertebral artery passes.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Cervical_vertebrae
Axis (anatomy)
In anatomy, the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine is named the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") or epistropheus.
It forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the atlas), which carries the head, rotates.
The most distinctive characteristic of this bone is the strong odontoid process known as the dens which rises perpendicularly from the upper surface of the body. That peculiar feature gives to the vertebra a rarely used third name: vertebra dentata. In some judicial hangings the odontoid process may break and hit the medulla oblongata, causing death.
Structure
The body is deeper in front than behind, and prolonged downward anteriorly so as to overlap the upper and front part of the third vertebra.
It presents in front a median longitudinal ridge, separating two lateral depressions for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles.
Its under surface is concave from before backward and convex from side to side.
Dens
The dens, also odontoid process or peg, is the most pronounced feature, and exhibits a slight constriction or neck where it joins the main body of the vertebra. The dens is a protuberance (process or projection) of the axis (second cervical vertebra). The condition, where the dens is separated from the body of the axis, is called os odontoideum, and may cause nerve and circulation compression syndrome. On its anterior surface is an oval or nearly circular facet for articulation with that on the anterior arch of the atlas. On the back of the neck, and frequently extending on to its lateral surfaces, is a shallow groove for the transverse atlantal ligament which retains the process in position. The apex is pointed, and gives attachment to the apical odontoid ligament; below the apex the process is somewhat enlarged, and presents on either side a rough impression for the attachment of the alar ligament; these ligaments connect the process to the occipital bone.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Axis_(anatomy)
Atlas (anatomy)
In anatomy, the atlas (C1) is the most superior (first) cervical vertebra of the spine.
It is named for the Atlas of Greek mythology, because it supports the globe of the head .
The atlas is the topmost vertebra and with the axis forms the joint connecting the skull and spine. The atlas and axis are specialized to allow a greater range of motion than normal vertebrae. They are responsible for the nodding and rotation movements of the head.
The atlanto-occipital joint allows the head to nod up and down on the vertebral column. The dens acts as a pivot that allows the atlas and attached head to rotate on the axis, side to side.
The atlas's chief peculiarity is that it has no body. It is ring-like and consists of an anterior and a posterior arch and two lateral masses.
The atlas and axis are important neurologically because the brain stem extends down to the axis.
Structure
Anterior arch
The anterior arch forms about one-fifth of the ring: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles and the anterior longitudinal ligament; posteriorly it is concave, and marked by a smooth, oval or circular facet (fovea dentis), for articulation with the odontoid process (dens) of the axis.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Atlas_(anatomy)
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C3 C4 C5 Definitions. Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Recovery.
C3 Vertebrae Injury, C4 Vertebrae Injury, and C5 Vertebrae Injury are all defined. C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae Anatomy is described. Cervical Spinal Injury treatments, as well as C3 Vertebrae, C4 Vertebrae, C5 Vertebrae recoveries are all discussed. C3 Spinal Vertebra Defined The C2 - C3 junction of the spinal column is important, as this is where flexion and extension occur (flexion is the movement of the chin toward the chest and extension is the backward movement of the head). Patients with a cervical vertebrae injury at the C3 level will have limited mobility in both their flexion and extension. The C3 vertebra is in line with the lower section of the jaw and hyoid bone, which holds the tongue in place. The flexible C3 vertebrae helps aid in the bending and rotation of the neck. C4 Spinal ...
published: 20 Jan 2020 -
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Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org Ninja Nerds! In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will present on the anatomy of atlas and axis (C1, C2) through the use of models. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below! Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6QYFutt9cluQ3uSM963_KQ/join APPAREL | https://www.amazon.com/s?k=ninja+nerd&ref=nb_sb_noss_2 DONATE PATREON | https://www.patreon.com/NinjaNerdScience PAYPAL | https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/ninjanerdscience SOCIAL MEDIA FACEBOOK | https://www.facebook.com/NinjaNerdlectures INSTAGRAM | https://www.instagram.com/ninjanerdlectures TWITTER | https://twitter.com/ninjanerdsci @NinjaNerdSci DISCORD | https://discord.gg/3srTG4dngW #ninjanerd #MuscleStructure #Musculos...
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Dr Himanshu Tyagi. Spine & Orthopedic surgeon. Treatmedlogy Clinic, Delhi NCR. Call +919205849347 or +91 9654095717. Send your MRI/X-ray over WhatsApp on 9654095717 for free opinion. Qualifications- MCh Orthopaedics (U.K), FNB Spine surgery, DNB Orthopaedics, MBBS Website- https://www.drhimanshutyagi.in https://treatmedlogy.com Available in Noida at - 1) Treatmedlogy clinic, sector 143B. https://maps.app.goo.gl/ii7evP5pp5WZXixX8 2) Raviprit Clinic, sector 93B. https://maps.app.goo.gl/hBnYvEpGedPGnKVaA #slipdisc #Slipdisk #slippeddisc #sciatica #endoscopicspine #endoscopicspinesurgery #slipdiscsurgery #Slipdiscoperation #sciaticasurgery #sciaticaoperation #spinalfracture #spinefracture #spineFracturesurgery #spinefractureoperation #cervicalmyelopathy #ACDF #TLIF #Spinepai...
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4:34
C3 C4 C5 Definitions. Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Recovery.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Uploaded Date: 20 Jan 2020
- views: 367643
C3 Vertebrae Injury, C4 Vertebrae Injury, and C5 Vertebrae Injury are all defined. C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae Anatomy is described. Cervical Spinal Injury treatment...
C3 Vertebrae Injury, C4 Vertebrae Injury, and C5 Vertebrae Injury are all defined. C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae Anatomy is described. Cervical Spinal Injury treatments, as well as C3 Vertebrae, C4 Vertebrae, C5 Vertebrae recoveries are all discussed.
C3 Spinal Vertebra Defined
The C2 - C3 junction of the spinal column is important, as this is where flexion and extension occur (flexion is the movement of the chin toward the chest and extension is the backward movement of the head). Patients with a cervical vertebrae injury at the C3 level will have limited mobility in both their flexion and extension.
The C3 vertebra is in line with the lower section of the jaw and hyoid bone, which holds the tongue in place. The flexible C3 vertebrae helps aid in the bending and rotation of the neck.
C4 Spinal Vertebra Defined
This central portion of the spinal cord, which relates to the C4 vertebra, contains nerves that run to the diaphragm, which helps us breathe by contracting and pulling air into the lungs. The C4 vertebra is located in the neck region of the spinal column, just above the thoracic vertebrae. It is located in close proximity to the thyroid cartilage.
C5 Spinal Vertebra Defined
The C5 spinal vertebra is the fifth vertebra from the top of the column. The C5 vertebra is significant for determining the severity of neck and spinal injury. If the injury is at or above the C5 vertebra, the person may be unable to breathe since the spinal cord nerves located between the third and fifth cervical vertebrae control respiration. Damage to the spinal cord at the C5 vertebra also affects the vocal cords, biceps, and deltoid muscles in the upper arms.
C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae Anatomy
Cervical vertebrae from C3 through C6 are also known as typical vertebrae since they share similar anatomical characteristics to the other vertebrae further down the spinal column. Typical vertebrae share these features:
Vertebral Body
The thick boned vertebral body is cylindrical-shaped and located at the front of the vertebra. It carries most of the weight for a vertebra. Most vertebrae feature an intervertebral disc between 2 vertebral bodies for cushioning and shock absorption.
Vertebral Arch
The vertebral arch is a bony curve that wraps around the spinal cord toward the back of the spine and consists of 2 pedicles and 2 laminae.
Facet Joints
Each vertebra has a pair of facet joints, also known as zygapophysial joints. These joints, located between the pedicle and lamina on each side of the vertebral arch, are lined with smooth cartilage to enable limited movement between 2 vertebrae. Spinal degeneration or injury to the facet joints are among the most common causes of chronic neck pain.
Functions of C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae
These vertebrae form the midsection of the cervical spine, near the base of the neck. They control function to the body from the shoulders down. All three vertebrae work together to support the neck and head.
Causes of Cervical Spinal Injuries
The most common causes of cervical vertebrae injury and spinal cord damage include a spinal fracture from diving accidents and sports, as well as medical complications. Other common causes include:
• Tumors
• Trauma
• Birth defects
• Motor vehicle accidents
• Infections or diseases
• Slip and fall incidents
C3, C4, and C5 Injury Symptoms
Symptoms of a C3 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C3 vertebrae include:
• Limited range of motion
• Loss of diaphragm function
• Requirement of a ventilator for breathing
• Paralysis in arms, hands, torso, and legs
• Trouble controlling bladder and bowel function
Symptoms of a C4 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Patients with C4 spinal cord injuries typically need 24 hour-a-day support to breathe and maintain oxygen levels. Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C4 vertebrae include:
• Loss of diaphragm function
• Potential requirement of a ventilator for breathing
• Limited range of motion
• Paralysis in arms, hands, torso, and legs
• Trouble controlling bladder and bowel function
Symptoms of a C5 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Damage to the spinal cord at the C5 vertebra affects the vocal cords, biceps, and deltoid muscles in the upper arms. Unlike some of the higher cervical injuries, a patient with a C5 spinal cord injury will likely be able to breathe and speak on their own. Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C5 vertebrae include:
• Retaining the ability to speak and breathe without assistance, though respiration may be weak
• Paralysis in the torso, legs, wrists, and hands
• Paralysis may be experienced on one or both sides of the body
• Patients may be able to raise their arms and/or bend their elbows
• Patients will need assistance with daily living, but may have some independent function
https://wn.com/C3_C4_C5_Definitions._Cervical_Spinal_Cord_Injury_Symptoms,_Causes,_Treatments,_And_Recovery.
C3 Vertebrae Injury, C4 Vertebrae Injury, and C5 Vertebrae Injury are all defined. C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae Anatomy is described. Cervical Spinal Injury treatments, as well as C3 Vertebrae, C4 Vertebrae, C5 Vertebrae recoveries are all discussed.
C3 Spinal Vertebra Defined
The C2 - C3 junction of the spinal column is important, as this is where flexion and extension occur (flexion is the movement of the chin toward the chest and extension is the backward movement of the head). Patients with a cervical vertebrae injury at the C3 level will have limited mobility in both their flexion and extension.
The C3 vertebra is in line with the lower section of the jaw and hyoid bone, which holds the tongue in place. The flexible C3 vertebrae helps aid in the bending and rotation of the neck.
C4 Spinal Vertebra Defined
This central portion of the spinal cord, which relates to the C4 vertebra, contains nerves that run to the diaphragm, which helps us breathe by contracting and pulling air into the lungs. The C4 vertebra is located in the neck region of the spinal column, just above the thoracic vertebrae. It is located in close proximity to the thyroid cartilage.
C5 Spinal Vertebra Defined
The C5 spinal vertebra is the fifth vertebra from the top of the column. The C5 vertebra is significant for determining the severity of neck and spinal injury. If the injury is at or above the C5 vertebra, the person may be unable to breathe since the spinal cord nerves located between the third and fifth cervical vertebrae control respiration. Damage to the spinal cord at the C5 vertebra also affects the vocal cords, biceps, and deltoid muscles in the upper arms.
C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae Anatomy
Cervical vertebrae from C3 through C6 are also known as typical vertebrae since they share similar anatomical characteristics to the other vertebrae further down the spinal column. Typical vertebrae share these features:
Vertebral Body
The thick boned vertebral body is cylindrical-shaped and located at the front of the vertebra. It carries most of the weight for a vertebra. Most vertebrae feature an intervertebral disc between 2 vertebral bodies for cushioning and shock absorption.
Vertebral Arch
The vertebral arch is a bony curve that wraps around the spinal cord toward the back of the spine and consists of 2 pedicles and 2 laminae.
Facet Joints
Each vertebra has a pair of facet joints, also known as zygapophysial joints. These joints, located between the pedicle and lamina on each side of the vertebral arch, are lined with smooth cartilage to enable limited movement between 2 vertebrae. Spinal degeneration or injury to the facet joints are among the most common causes of chronic neck pain.
Functions of C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae
These vertebrae form the midsection of the cervical spine, near the base of the neck. They control function to the body from the shoulders down. All three vertebrae work together to support the neck and head.
Causes of Cervical Spinal Injuries
The most common causes of cervical vertebrae injury and spinal cord damage include a spinal fracture from diving accidents and sports, as well as medical complications. Other common causes include:
• Tumors
• Trauma
• Birth defects
• Motor vehicle accidents
• Infections or diseases
• Slip and fall incidents
C3, C4, and C5 Injury Symptoms
Symptoms of a C3 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C3 vertebrae include:
• Limited range of motion
• Loss of diaphragm function
• Requirement of a ventilator for breathing
• Paralysis in arms, hands, torso, and legs
• Trouble controlling bladder and bowel function
Symptoms of a C4 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Patients with C4 spinal cord injuries typically need 24 hour-a-day support to breathe and maintain oxygen levels. Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C4 vertebrae include:
• Loss of diaphragm function
• Potential requirement of a ventilator for breathing
• Limited range of motion
• Paralysis in arms, hands, torso, and legs
• Trouble controlling bladder and bowel function
Symptoms of a C5 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Damage to the spinal cord at the C5 vertebra affects the vocal cords, biceps, and deltoid muscles in the upper arms. Unlike some of the higher cervical injuries, a patient with a C5 spinal cord injury will likely be able to breathe and speak on their own. Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C5 vertebrae include:
• Retaining the ability to speak and breathe without assistance, though respiration may be weak
• Paralysis in the torso, legs, wrists, and hands
• Paralysis may be experienced on one or both sides of the body
• Patients may be able to raise their arms and/or bend their elbows
• Patients will need assistance with daily living, but may have some independent function
1:43
Cervical Discectomy & Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3 C4 C5 C6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:43
- Uploaded Date: 14 Dec 2018
- views: 244434
Cervical Discectomy & Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3-C6
Cervical Discectomy & Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3-C6
https://wn.com/Cervical_Discectomy_Fusion_Surgery_3D_Animation_C3_C4_C5_C6
Cervical Discectomy & Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3-C6
- published: 14 Dec 2018
- views: 244434
4:42
Atlas & Axis Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C2) Anatomy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Uploaded Date: 10 Mar 2017
- views: 361801
Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will present on the anatomy of atlas and axis (C1, C2) th...
Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will present on the anatomy of atlas and axis (C1, C2) through the use of models. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
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In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will present on the anatomy of atlas and axis (C1, C2) through the use of models. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
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- published: 10 Mar 2017
- views: 361801
6:56
Vertebral Column Anatomy and Bones [Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral Spine]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:56
- Uploaded Date: 07 Dec 2020
- views: 693905
Easily learn the vertebral column anatomy, bones of the spine, and 33 cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx vertebrae.
The vertebral column, also kno...
Easily learn the vertebral column anatomy, bones of the spine, and 33 cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx vertebrae.
The vertebral column, also known as the spinal column, consists of 33 bones including 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccyx vertebrae. The anatomy of C1 and C2, also known as the atlas and axis, are unique, but the anatomical features of the rest of the vertebrae are similar including the body, vertebral foramen, transverse processes, spinous process, pedicles, lamina, superior articular process, and inferior articular process.
Each mobile vertebra (cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine) has an intervertebral disc between it. The intervertebral disc can herniate (herniated disc) causing back pain, sciatica, numbness, and/or weakness.
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https://wn.com/Vertebral_Column_Anatomy_And_Bones_Cervical,_Thoracic,_Lumbar,_Sacral_Spine
Easily learn the vertebral column anatomy, bones of the spine, and 33 cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx vertebrae.
The vertebral column, also known as the spinal column, consists of 33 bones including 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccyx vertebrae. The anatomy of C1 and C2, also known as the atlas and axis, are unique, but the anatomical features of the rest of the vertebrae are similar including the body, vertebral foramen, transverse processes, spinous process, pedicles, lamina, superior articular process, and inferior articular process.
Each mobile vertebra (cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine) has an intervertebral disc between it. The intervertebral disc can herniate (herniated disc) causing back pain, sciatica, numbness, and/or weakness.
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Vertebral Anatomy:
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- published: 07 Dec 2020
- views: 693905
2:53
Cervical Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3-4 C5-6 C6-7
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Uploaded Date: 20 Jul 2018
- views: 616899
Legal Graphicworks can provide stock and custom animations for a variety of cases. Call us today! 800.577.8128
Legal Graphicworks can provide stock and custom animations for a variety of cases. Call us today! 800.577.8128
https://wn.com/Cervical_Fusion_Surgery_3D_Animation_C3_4_C5_6_C6_7
Legal Graphicworks can provide stock and custom animations for a variety of cases. Call us today! 800.577.8128
- published: 20 Jul 2018
- views: 616899
2:07
C4 - C5 Cervical Slip Disc- Cause, Symptoms and Treatment.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Uploaded Date: 14 Sep 2022
- views: 49496
Dr Himanshu Tyagi. Spine & Orthopedic surgeon. Treatmedlogy Clinic, Delhi NCR.
Call +919205849347 or +91 9654095717.
Send your MRI/X-ray over WhatsApp on 96...
Dr Himanshu Tyagi. Spine & Orthopedic surgeon. Treatmedlogy Clinic, Delhi NCR.
Call +919205849347 or +91 9654095717.
Send your MRI/X-ray over WhatsApp on 9654095717 for free opinion.
Qualifications-
MCh Orthopaedics (U.K),
FNB Spine surgery,
DNB Orthopaedics, MBBS
Website-
https://www.drhimanshutyagi.in
https://treatmedlogy.com
Available in Noida at -
1) Treatmedlogy clinic, sector 143B.
https://maps.app.goo.gl/ii7evP5pp5WZXixX8
2) Raviprit Clinic, sector 93B.
https://maps.app.goo.gl/hBnYvEpGedPGnKVaA
#slipdisc #Slipdisk #slippeddisc #sciatica #endoscopicspine #endoscopicspinesurgery
#slipdiscsurgery #Slipdiscoperation
#sciaticasurgery
#sciaticaoperation #spinalfracture #spinefracture #spineFracturesurgery #spinefractureoperation #cervicalmyelopathy #ACDF #TLIF #Spinepain #lumbardiscprolapse #lumbarPIVD
#spine #backpain #spinehealth #spinesurgeon #drhimanshutyagi #bestspinesurgeon #scoliosis #scoliosistreatment #scoliosissurgery #neckpain #neckpaintreatment #neck #cervicaldischerniation #cervicalpain #cervicalspondylosis #cervicalspine #cervicalspondylosis #lumbar #lumbarfusion #lumbarpain #lumbarspondylosis #lumbarspine
#safespinesurgery #spinesurgeryindelhi #bestspinesurgeondelhi #bestslipdiscsurgeondelhi
#minimallyinvasivespinesurgery
#spinaldecompressionsurgery
#spinelaminectomy
#avascularnecrosiship
#avascularnecrosisofhip
#AVNhip
#AVN
#kneereplacementsurgery
#kneereplacement
#TKR
#totalkneereplacementsurgery
#kneereplacementoperation
https://wn.com/C4_C5_Cervical_Slip_Disc_Cause,_Symptoms_And_Treatment.
Dr Himanshu Tyagi. Spine & Orthopedic surgeon. Treatmedlogy Clinic, Delhi NCR.
Call +919205849347 or +91 9654095717.
Send your MRI/X-ray over WhatsApp on 9654095717 for free opinion.
Qualifications-
MCh Orthopaedics (U.K),
FNB Spine surgery,
DNB Orthopaedics, MBBS
Website-
https://www.drhimanshutyagi.in
https://treatmedlogy.com
Available in Noida at -
1) Treatmedlogy clinic, sector 143B.
https://maps.app.goo.gl/ii7evP5pp5WZXixX8
2) Raviprit Clinic, sector 93B.
https://maps.app.goo.gl/hBnYvEpGedPGnKVaA
#slipdisc #Slipdisk #slippeddisc #sciatica #endoscopicspine #endoscopicspinesurgery
#slipdiscsurgery #Slipdiscoperation
#sciaticasurgery
#sciaticaoperation #spinalfracture #spinefracture #spineFracturesurgery #spinefractureoperation #cervicalmyelopathy #ACDF #TLIF #Spinepain #lumbardiscprolapse #lumbarPIVD
#spine #backpain #spinehealth #spinesurgeon #drhimanshutyagi #bestspinesurgeon #scoliosis #scoliosistreatment #scoliosissurgery #neckpain #neckpaintreatment #neck #cervicaldischerniation #cervicalpain #cervicalspondylosis #cervicalspine #cervicalspondylosis #lumbar #lumbarfusion #lumbarpain #lumbarspondylosis #lumbarspine
#safespinesurgery #spinesurgeryindelhi #bestspinesurgeondelhi #bestslipdiscsurgeondelhi
#minimallyinvasivespinesurgery
#spinaldecompressionsurgery
#spinelaminectomy
#avascularnecrosiship
#avascularnecrosisofhip
#AVNhip
#AVN
#kneereplacementsurgery
#kneereplacement
#TKR
#totalkneereplacementsurgery
#kneereplacementoperation
- published: 14 Sep 2022
- views: 49496
1:32
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Uploaded Date: 02 Mar 2020
- views: 299749
🔔SUBSCRIBE: (https://bit.ly/3reJ63R), HIT THE NOTIFICATION BELL + Comment Once Done!
📲CALL: 732-903-2114
🔔SUBSCRIBE: (https://bit.ly/3reJ63R), HIT THE NOTIFICATION BELL + Comment Once Done!
📲CALL: 732-903-2114
https://wn.com/Anterior_Cervical_Discectomy_And_Fusion
🔔SUBSCRIBE: (https://bit.ly/3reJ63R), HIT THE NOTIFICATION BELL + Comment Once Done!
📲CALL: 732-903-2114
- published: 02 Mar 2020
- views: 299749
2:36
Symptoms of Cervical Stenosis | Jeffrey Cantor, MD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Uploaded Date: 16 Jan 2021
- views: 241545
Spine surgeon, Jeffrey Cantor, MD, discusses the symptoms of cervical stenosis. Learn more at CantorSpine.com.
Spine surgeon, Jeffrey Cantor, MD, discusses the symptoms of cervical stenosis. Learn more at CantorSpine.com.
https://wn.com/Symptoms_Of_Cervical_Stenosis_|_Jeffrey_Cantor,_Md
Spine surgeon, Jeffrey Cantor, MD, discusses the symptoms of cervical stenosis. Learn more at CantorSpine.com.
- published: 16 Jan 2021
- views: 241545
1:10
ACDF (Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion) 3D Animation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:10
- Uploaded Date: 08 Dec 2022
- views: 125647
How serious is a anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
Although ACDF is considered a safe procedure and its complications are relatively rare and manageable,...
How serious is a anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
Although ACDF is considered a safe procedure and its complications are relatively rare and manageable, some complications may be serious and could last for several weeks to months.
What is the recovery time for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
Typically, patients make a full recovery within two to six weeks. After you recover from anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery, you should be able to resume regular activity with your range of motion impacted minimally, if at all.
Why would someone need an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
An ACDF is usually performed for one or more of the following reasons: To treat pressure on the spinal cord (caused by a prolapsed or ruptured disc, or other causes of spinal canal narrowing) To treat pressure on one or more spinal nerve roots (caused by a disc prolapse or rupture, or foraminal stenosis or narrowing).
What is the success rate of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
This surgery has a high success rate. Between 93 to 100 percent of people who've had ACDF surgery for arm pain reported relief from pain, and 73 to 83 percent of people who had ACDF surgery for neck pain reported positive results.
How long does c5 C6/C7 surgery take?
How long does it take? ACDF surgery can usually be done in 1 to 2 hours, but may take up to 3 or more hours. The time depends on how many discs will be removed, how badly the discs or vertebrae [VUR-tuh-brey] are diseased, and other factors.
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https://wn.com/Acdf_(Anterior_Cervical_Discectomy_And_Fusion)_3D_Animation
How serious is a anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
Although ACDF is considered a safe procedure and its complications are relatively rare and manageable, some complications may be serious and could last for several weeks to months.
What is the recovery time for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
Typically, patients make a full recovery within two to six weeks. After you recover from anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery, you should be able to resume regular activity with your range of motion impacted minimally, if at all.
Why would someone need an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
An ACDF is usually performed for one or more of the following reasons: To treat pressure on the spinal cord (caused by a prolapsed or ruptured disc, or other causes of spinal canal narrowing) To treat pressure on one or more spinal nerve roots (caused by a disc prolapse or rupture, or foraminal stenosis or narrowing).
What is the success rate of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
This surgery has a high success rate. Between 93 to 100 percent of people who've had ACDF surgery for arm pain reported relief from pain, and 73 to 83 percent of people who had ACDF surgery for neck pain reported positive results.
How long does c5 C6/C7 surgery take?
How long does it take? ACDF surgery can usually be done in 1 to 2 hours, but may take up to 3 or more hours. The time depends on how many discs will be removed, how badly the discs or vertebrae [VUR-tuh-brey] are diseased, and other factors.
acdf animation
spine surgery 3d animation
neck surgery 3d animation
acdf
2
cervical spine surgery animation
cervical surgery animation
anterior cervical discectomy and fusio...
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neck 3d animation
- published: 08 Dec 2022
- views: 125647
4:05
VERTEBRAL COLUMN ANATOMY (1/2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Uploaded Date: 02 Dec 2018
- views: 723949
Your spine, also called your backbone or vertebral column, is composed of 33 bones, called vertebrae, which provide your body with support and protect your spin...
Your spine, also called your backbone or vertebral column, is composed of 33 bones, called vertebrae, which provide your body with support and protect your spinal cord from injury. The vertebrae can be divided into five groups: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and the coccyx, each of which has unique features suited to their functions. There are 7 cervical vertebrae, numbered C1-C7, 12 thoracic vertebrae, numbered T1-T12, 5 lumber vertebrae, numbered L1-L5, 5 sacral vertebrae, numbered S1-S5, and the coccyx. The upper 24 vertebrae are articulating, separated by intervertebral disc s. The sacral vertebrae and the bones of the coccyx are fused.
The cervical vertebrae – which are the vertebrae of your neck – support your head, which weighs around 10-13 pounds. C1 and C2 are specialized vertebrae that allow for the greatest range of motion of all the vertebrae. C1 is called atlas, after the man from Greek mythology who held up the earth. It is ring-shaped and attaches directly to your skull. This vertebra allows you to nod your head. C2, called “axis”, serves as an axis about which C1 pivots, allowing you to shake your head when saying “no”. C1 is able to pivot on this vertebra thanks to a specialized process called the dens, or odontoid process.
The thoracic vertebrae – which are the vertebrae of your mid to upper back – hold the rib cage and protect your heart and lungs. They have a limited range of motion. The lumbar vertebrae – which are the vertebrae of your lower back, bear the weight of your upper body and are larger in order to support the stress, especially when you lift something heavy. The sacral vertebrae connect your spine to your hip bones. These vertebrae are fused together. Together with your hip bones, they form the pelvic girdle. The coccyx, or tailbone, is made up of four fused bones, which provide attachment points for ligaments and muscles of the pelvic floor.
Now let’s cover the parts of a vertebra. A vertebra has 3 parts – the body, vertebral arch, and the processes. The body bears weight, the vertebral arch houses the spinal cord, and the processes allow for muscle attachment. The vertebral arch is made of two supporting pedicles and two laminae. The space inside, which houses the spinal cord, is called the vertebral foramen. Under each pedicle, spinal nerves exit and pass through the intervertebral foramen.
7 bony processes arise from each vertebral arch to form facet joints and processes for muscle attachment. Facet joints allow for back motion. Each vertebra has two pairs of facet joints – 1 pair connects to the vertebra above (superior facets), and 1 pair that connects to the vertebra below. There is also a pair of transverse process and a spinous process.
Between the vertebrae are the intervertebral discs, which provide cushioning and prevent the bones from rubbing together. Note that there is no intervertebral disc between C1 and C2. Discs are composed of am annulus, which is made up of several layers, or laminae, of fibrocartilage - crisscrossing fibrous bands that attach between the bodies of the vertebrae above and below, and a gel-filled center called the nucleus. The nucleus distributes the pressure evenly within each disc during compression.
The nucleus is full of proteoglycans – large molecules with sugar subunits that are very hydrophilic. This structure swells with water, unless it experiences constraints from the surrounding tissues. Hence, the nucleus absorbs fluid at night or when you’re lying down and then this fluid is pushed out during the day when you are upright and pressure is applied to the intervertebral discs. We shorten as we age because the discs lose the ability to reabsorb fluid during rest, flatten, and get more brittle.
3D models from:
https://www.turbosquid.com/3d-models/human-torso-muscles-max/647193
https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/character/anatomy/human-body-anatomy
https://wn.com/Vertebral_Column_Anatomy_(1_2)
Your spine, also called your backbone or vertebral column, is composed of 33 bones, called vertebrae, which provide your body with support and protect your spinal cord from injury. The vertebrae can be divided into five groups: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and the coccyx, each of which has unique features suited to their functions. There are 7 cervical vertebrae, numbered C1-C7, 12 thoracic vertebrae, numbered T1-T12, 5 lumber vertebrae, numbered L1-L5, 5 sacral vertebrae, numbered S1-S5, and the coccyx. The upper 24 vertebrae are articulating, separated by intervertebral disc s. The sacral vertebrae and the bones of the coccyx are fused.
The cervical vertebrae – which are the vertebrae of your neck – support your head, which weighs around 10-13 pounds. C1 and C2 are specialized vertebrae that allow for the greatest range of motion of all the vertebrae. C1 is called atlas, after the man from Greek mythology who held up the earth. It is ring-shaped and attaches directly to your skull. This vertebra allows you to nod your head. C2, called “axis”, serves as an axis about which C1 pivots, allowing you to shake your head when saying “no”. C1 is able to pivot on this vertebra thanks to a specialized process called the dens, or odontoid process.
The thoracic vertebrae – which are the vertebrae of your mid to upper back – hold the rib cage and protect your heart and lungs. They have a limited range of motion. The lumbar vertebrae – which are the vertebrae of your lower back, bear the weight of your upper body and are larger in order to support the stress, especially when you lift something heavy. The sacral vertebrae connect your spine to your hip bones. These vertebrae are fused together. Together with your hip bones, they form the pelvic girdle. The coccyx, or tailbone, is made up of four fused bones, which provide attachment points for ligaments and muscles of the pelvic floor.
Now let’s cover the parts of a vertebra. A vertebra has 3 parts – the body, vertebral arch, and the processes. The body bears weight, the vertebral arch houses the spinal cord, and the processes allow for muscle attachment. The vertebral arch is made of two supporting pedicles and two laminae. The space inside, which houses the spinal cord, is called the vertebral foramen. Under each pedicle, spinal nerves exit and pass through the intervertebral foramen.
7 bony processes arise from each vertebral arch to form facet joints and processes for muscle attachment. Facet joints allow for back motion. Each vertebra has two pairs of facet joints – 1 pair connects to the vertebra above (superior facets), and 1 pair that connects to the vertebra below. There is also a pair of transverse process and a spinous process.
Between the vertebrae are the intervertebral discs, which provide cushioning and prevent the bones from rubbing together. Note that there is no intervertebral disc between C1 and C2. Discs are composed of am annulus, which is made up of several layers, or laminae, of fibrocartilage - crisscrossing fibrous bands that attach between the bodies of the vertebrae above and below, and a gel-filled center called the nucleus. The nucleus distributes the pressure evenly within each disc during compression.
The nucleus is full of proteoglycans – large molecules with sugar subunits that are very hydrophilic. This structure swells with water, unless it experiences constraints from the surrounding tissues. Hence, the nucleus absorbs fluid at night or when you’re lying down and then this fluid is pushed out during the day when you are upright and pressure is applied to the intervertebral discs. We shorten as we age because the discs lose the ability to reabsorb fluid during rest, flatten, and get more brittle.
3D models from:
https://www.turbosquid.com/3d-models/human-torso-muscles-max/647193
https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/character/anatomy/human-body-anatomy
- published: 02 Dec 2018
- views: 723949
4:34
C3 C4 C5 Definitions. Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Recovery.
C3 Vertebrae Injury, C4 Vertebrae Injury, and C5 Vertebrae Injury are all defined. C3, C4,...
published: 20 Jan 2020
C3 C4 C5 Definitions. Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Recovery.
C3 C4 C5 Definitions. Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Recovery.
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- published: 20 Jan 2020
- views: 367643
C3 Vertebrae Injury, C4 Vertebrae Injury, and C5 Vertebrae Injury are all defined. C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae Anatomy is described. Cervical Spinal Injury treatments, as well as C3 Vertebrae, C4 Vertebrae, C5 Vertebrae recoveries are all discussed.
C3 Spinal Vertebra Defined
The C2 - C3 junction of the spinal column is important, as this is where flexion and extension occur (flexion is the movement of the chin toward the chest and extension is the backward movement of the head). Patients with a cervical vertebrae injury at the C3 level will have limited mobility in both their flexion and extension.
The C3 vertebra is in line with the lower section of the jaw and hyoid bone, which holds the tongue in place. The flexible C3 vertebrae helps aid in the bending and rotation of the neck.
C4 Spinal Vertebra Defined
This central portion of the spinal cord, which relates to the C4 vertebra, contains nerves that run to the diaphragm, which helps us breathe by contracting and pulling air into the lungs. The C4 vertebra is located in the neck region of the spinal column, just above the thoracic vertebrae. It is located in close proximity to the thyroid cartilage.
C5 Spinal Vertebra Defined
The C5 spinal vertebra is the fifth vertebra from the top of the column. The C5 vertebra is significant for determining the severity of neck and spinal injury. If the injury is at or above the C5 vertebra, the person may be unable to breathe since the spinal cord nerves located between the third and fifth cervical vertebrae control respiration. Damage to the spinal cord at the C5 vertebra also affects the vocal cords, biceps, and deltoid muscles in the upper arms.
C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae Anatomy
Cervical vertebrae from C3 through C6 are also known as typical vertebrae since they share similar anatomical characteristics to the other vertebrae further down the spinal column. Typical vertebrae share these features:
Vertebral Body
The thick boned vertebral body is cylindrical-shaped and located at the front of the vertebra. It carries most of the weight for a vertebra. Most vertebrae feature an intervertebral disc between 2 vertebral bodies for cushioning and shock absorption.
Vertebral Arch
The vertebral arch is a bony curve that wraps around the spinal cord toward the back of the spine and consists of 2 pedicles and 2 laminae.
Facet Joints
Each vertebra has a pair of facet joints, also known as zygapophysial joints. These joints, located between the pedicle and lamina on each side of the vertebral arch, are lined with smooth cartilage to enable limited movement between 2 vertebrae. Spinal degeneration or injury to the facet joints are among the most common causes of chronic neck pain.
Functions of C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae
These vertebrae form the midsection of the cervical spine, near the base of the neck. They control function to the body from the shoulders down. All three vertebrae work together to support the neck and head.
Causes of Cervical Spinal Injuries
The most common causes of cervical vertebrae injury and spinal cord damage include a spinal fracture from diving accidents and sports, as well as medical complications. Other common causes include:
• Tumors
• Trauma
• Birth defects
• Motor vehicle accidents
• Infections or diseases
• Slip and fall incidents
C3, C4, and C5 Injury Symptoms
Symptoms of a C3 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C3 vertebrae include:
• Limited range of motion
• Loss of diaphragm function
• Requirement of a ventilator for breathing
• Paralysis in arms, hands, torso, and legs
• Trouble controlling bladder and bowel function
Symptoms of a C4 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Patients with C4 spinal cord injuries typically need 24 hour-a-day support to breathe and maintain oxygen levels. Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C4 vertebrae include:
• Loss of diaphragm function
• Potential requirement of a ventilator for breathing
• Limited range of motion
• Paralysis in arms, hands, torso, and legs
• Trouble controlling bladder and bowel function
Symptoms of a C5 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Damage to the spinal cord at the C5 vertebra affects the vocal cords, biceps, and deltoid muscles in the upper arms. Unlike some of the higher cervical injuries, a patient with a C5 spinal cord injury will likely be able to breathe and speak on their own. Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C5 vertebrae include:
• Retaining the ability to speak and breathe without assistance, though respiration may be weak
• Paralysis in the torso, legs, wrists, and hands
• Paralysis may be experienced on one or both sides of the body
• Patients may be able to raise their arms and/or bend their elbows
• Patients will need assistance with daily living, but may have some independent function
1:43
Cervical Discectomy & Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3 C4 C5 C6
Cervical Discectomy & Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3-C6
published: 14 Dec 2018
Cervical Discectomy & Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3 C4 C5 C6
Cervical Discectomy & Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3 C4 C5 C6
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- published: 14 Dec 2018
- views: 244434
Cervical Discectomy & Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3-C6
4:42
Atlas & Axis Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C2) Anatomy
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In this lecture Professor...
published: 10 Mar 2017
Atlas & Axis Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C2) Anatomy
Atlas & Axis Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C2) Anatomy
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- published: 10 Mar 2017
- views: 361801
Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org
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In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will present on the anatomy of atlas and axis (C1, C2) through the use of models. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
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6:56
Vertebral Column Anatomy and Bones [Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral Spine]
Easily learn the vertebral column anatomy, bones of the spine, and 33 cervical, thoracic, ...
published: 07 Dec 2020
Vertebral Column Anatomy and Bones [Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral Spine]
Vertebral Column Anatomy and Bones [Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral Spine]
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- published: 07 Dec 2020
- views: 693905
Easily learn the vertebral column anatomy, bones of the spine, and 33 cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx vertebrae.
The vertebral column, also known as the spinal column, consists of 33 bones including 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccyx vertebrae. The anatomy of C1 and C2, also known as the atlas and axis, are unique, but the anatomical features of the rest of the vertebrae are similar including the body, vertebral foramen, transverse processes, spinous process, pedicles, lamina, superior articular process, and inferior articular process.
Each mobile vertebra (cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine) has an intervertebral disc between it. The intervertebral disc can herniate (herniated disc) causing back pain, sciatica, numbness, and/or weakness.
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2:53
Cervical Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3-4 C5-6 C6-7
Legal Graphicworks can provide stock and custom animations for a variety of cases. Call us...
published: 20 Jul 2018
Cervical Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3-4 C5-6 C6-7
Cervical Fusion Surgery 3D animation C3-4 C5-6 C6-7
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- published: 20 Jul 2018
- views: 616899
Legal Graphicworks can provide stock and custom animations for a variety of cases. Call us today! 800.577.8128
2:07
C4 - C5 Cervical Slip Disc- Cause, Symptoms and Treatment.
Dr Himanshu Tyagi. Spine & Orthopedic surgeon. Treatmedlogy Clinic, Delhi NCR.
Call +919...
published: 14 Sep 2022
C4 - C5 Cervical Slip Disc- Cause, Symptoms and Treatment.
C4 - C5 Cervical Slip Disc- Cause, Symptoms and Treatment.
- Report rights infringement
- published: 14 Sep 2022
- views: 49496
Dr Himanshu Tyagi. Spine & Orthopedic surgeon. Treatmedlogy Clinic, Delhi NCR.
Call +919205849347 or +91 9654095717.
Send your MRI/X-ray over WhatsApp on 9654095717 for free opinion.
Qualifications-
MCh Orthopaedics (U.K),
FNB Spine surgery,
DNB Orthopaedics, MBBS
Website-
https://www.drhimanshutyagi.in
https://treatmedlogy.com
Available in Noida at -
1) Treatmedlogy clinic, sector 143B.
https://maps.app.goo.gl/ii7evP5pp5WZXixX8
2) Raviprit Clinic, sector 93B.
https://maps.app.goo.gl/hBnYvEpGedPGnKVaA
#slipdisc #Slipdisk #slippeddisc #sciatica #endoscopicspine #endoscopicspinesurgery
#slipdiscsurgery #Slipdiscoperation
#sciaticasurgery
#sciaticaoperation #spinalfracture #spinefracture #spineFracturesurgery #spinefractureoperation #cervicalmyelopathy #ACDF #TLIF #Spinepain #lumbardiscprolapse #lumbarPIVD
#spine #backpain #spinehealth #spinesurgeon #drhimanshutyagi #bestspinesurgeon #scoliosis #scoliosistreatment #scoliosissurgery #neckpain #neckpaintreatment #neck #cervicaldischerniation #cervicalpain #cervicalspondylosis #cervicalspine #cervicalspondylosis #lumbar #lumbarfusion #lumbarpain #lumbarspondylosis #lumbarspine
#safespinesurgery #spinesurgeryindelhi #bestspinesurgeondelhi #bestslipdiscsurgeondelhi
#minimallyinvasivespinesurgery
#spinaldecompressionsurgery
#spinelaminectomy
#avascularnecrosiship
#avascularnecrosisofhip
#AVNhip
#AVN
#kneereplacementsurgery
#kneereplacement
#TKR
#totalkneereplacementsurgery
#kneereplacementoperation
1:32
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
🔔SUBSCRIBE: (https://bit.ly/3reJ63R), HIT THE NOTIFICATION BELL + Comment Once Done!
📲CALL...
published: 02 Mar 2020
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
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- published: 02 Mar 2020
- views: 299749
🔔SUBSCRIBE: (https://bit.ly/3reJ63R), HIT THE NOTIFICATION BELL + Comment Once Done!
📲CALL: 732-903-2114
2:36
Symptoms of Cervical Stenosis | Jeffrey Cantor, MD
Spine surgeon, Jeffrey Cantor, MD, discusses the symptoms of cervical stenosis. Learn more...
published: 16 Jan 2021
Symptoms of Cervical Stenosis | Jeffrey Cantor, MD
Symptoms of Cervical Stenosis | Jeffrey Cantor, MD
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- published: 16 Jan 2021
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Spine surgeon, Jeffrey Cantor, MD, discusses the symptoms of cervical stenosis. Learn more at CantorSpine.com.
1:10
ACDF (Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion) 3D Animation
How serious is a anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
Although ACDF is considered a sa...
published: 08 Dec 2022
ACDF (Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion) 3D Animation
ACDF (Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion) 3D Animation
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- published: 08 Dec 2022
- views: 125647
How serious is a anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
Although ACDF is considered a safe procedure and its complications are relatively rare and manageable, some complications may be serious and could last for several weeks to months.
What is the recovery time for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
Typically, patients make a full recovery within two to six weeks. After you recover from anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery, you should be able to resume regular activity with your range of motion impacted minimally, if at all.
Why would someone need an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
An ACDF is usually performed for one or more of the following reasons: To treat pressure on the spinal cord (caused by a prolapsed or ruptured disc, or other causes of spinal canal narrowing) To treat pressure on one or more spinal nerve roots (caused by a disc prolapse or rupture, or foraminal stenosis or narrowing).
What is the success rate of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
This surgery has a high success rate. Between 93 to 100 percent of people who've had ACDF surgery for arm pain reported relief from pain, and 73 to 83 percent of people who had ACDF surgery for neck pain reported positive results.
How long does c5 C6/C7 surgery take?
How long does it take? ACDF surgery can usually be done in 1 to 2 hours, but may take up to 3 or more hours. The time depends on how many discs will be removed, how badly the discs or vertebrae [VUR-tuh-brey] are diseased, and other factors.
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VERTEBRAL COLUMN ANATOMY (1/2)
Your spine, also called your backbone or vertebral column, is composed of 33 bones, called...
published: 02 Dec 2018
VERTEBRAL COLUMN ANATOMY (1/2)
VERTEBRAL COLUMN ANATOMY (1/2)
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- published: 02 Dec 2018
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Your spine, also called your backbone or vertebral column, is composed of 33 bones, called vertebrae, which provide your body with support and protect your spinal cord from injury. The vertebrae can be divided into five groups: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and the coccyx, each of which has unique features suited to their functions. There are 7 cervical vertebrae, numbered C1-C7, 12 thoracic vertebrae, numbered T1-T12, 5 lumber vertebrae, numbered L1-L5, 5 sacral vertebrae, numbered S1-S5, and the coccyx. The upper 24 vertebrae are articulating, separated by intervertebral disc s. The sacral vertebrae and the bones of the coccyx are fused.
The cervical vertebrae – which are the vertebrae of your neck – support your head, which weighs around 10-13 pounds. C1 and C2 are specialized vertebrae that allow for the greatest range of motion of all the vertebrae. C1 is called atlas, after the man from Greek mythology who held up the earth. It is ring-shaped and attaches directly to your skull. This vertebra allows you to nod your head. C2, called “axis”, serves as an axis about which C1 pivots, allowing you to shake your head when saying “no”. C1 is able to pivot on this vertebra thanks to a specialized process called the dens, or odontoid process.
The thoracic vertebrae – which are the vertebrae of your mid to upper back – hold the rib cage and protect your heart and lungs. They have a limited range of motion. The lumbar vertebrae – which are the vertebrae of your lower back, bear the weight of your upper body and are larger in order to support the stress, especially when you lift something heavy. The sacral vertebrae connect your spine to your hip bones. These vertebrae are fused together. Together with your hip bones, they form the pelvic girdle. The coccyx, or tailbone, is made up of four fused bones, which provide attachment points for ligaments and muscles of the pelvic floor.
Now let’s cover the parts of a vertebra. A vertebra has 3 parts – the body, vertebral arch, and the processes. The body bears weight, the vertebral arch houses the spinal cord, and the processes allow for muscle attachment. The vertebral arch is made of two supporting pedicles and two laminae. The space inside, which houses the spinal cord, is called the vertebral foramen. Under each pedicle, spinal nerves exit and pass through the intervertebral foramen.
7 bony processes arise from each vertebral arch to form facet joints and processes for muscle attachment. Facet joints allow for back motion. Each vertebra has two pairs of facet joints – 1 pair connects to the vertebra above (superior facets), and 1 pair that connects to the vertebra below. There is also a pair of transverse process and a spinous process.
Between the vertebrae are the intervertebral discs, which provide cushioning and prevent the bones from rubbing together. Note that there is no intervertebral disc between C1 and C2. Discs are composed of am annulus, which is made up of several layers, or laminae, of fibrocartilage - crisscrossing fibrous bands that attach between the bodies of the vertebrae above and below, and a gel-filled center called the nucleus. The nucleus distributes the pressure evenly within each disc during compression.
The nucleus is full of proteoglycans – large molecules with sugar subunits that are very hydrophilic. This structure swells with water, unless it experiences constraints from the surrounding tissues. Hence, the nucleus absorbs fluid at night or when you’re lying down and then this fluid is pushed out during the day when you are upright and pressure is applied to the intervertebral discs. We shorten as we age because the discs lose the ability to reabsorb fluid during rest, flatten, and get more brittle.
3D models from:
https://www.turbosquid.com/3d-models/human-torso-muscles-max/647193
https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/character/anatomy/human-body-anatomy
Cervical vertebrae
In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the vertebrae immediately below the skull.
Thoracic vertebrae in all mammalian species are those vertebrae that also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. Further caudally follow the lumbar vertebrae, which also belong to the trunk, but do not carry ribs. In reptiles, all trunk vertebrae carry ribs and are called dorsal vertebrae.
In many species, though not in mammals, the cervical vertebrae bear ribs. In many other groups, such as lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are large; in birds, they are small and completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes.
In humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which the vertebral artery passes.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Cervical_vertebrae
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