In political science and public choice theory, bundling is a concept used for studying the selection of candidates for public office. A voter typically chooses a candidate (or party) for the legislature, rather than directly voting for specific policies. When doing so, the voter is essentially selecting among bundles of policies that a candidate or a party will enact if in power.
Overview
Occurring principally in republics, the electorate, rather than directly voting on each individual piece of proposed legislation, must choose a number of candidates (or parties) for the legislature. In so doing, they accept or reject each individual candidate or party and their "bundle" of positions on various issues. As there may be no candidate who perfectly reflects the views of an individual voter on all the issues of importance to him/her, each voter must prioritize what issues are most important and choose a candidate accordingly. Another form of bundling occurs in races where the candidate has a running mate who is elected on the same ticket, as in U.S. presidential elections.
Public choice or public choice theory refers to "the use of economic tools to deal with traditional problems of political science". Its content includes the study of political behavior. In political science, it is the subset of positive political theory that studies self-interested agents (voters, politicians, bureaucrats) and their interactions, which can be represented in a number of ways – using (for example) standard constrained utility maximization, game theory, or decision theory. Public-choice analysis has roots in positive analysis ("what is") but is often used for normative purposes ("what ought to be") in order to identify a problem or to suggest improvements to constitutional rules (i.e., constitutional economics).
The Journal of Economic Literature's classification code regards public choice as a subarea of microeconomics, under JEL: D7: "Analysis of Collective Decision-Making" (specifically, JEL: D72: "Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior"). Public choice theory is also closely related to social-choice theory, a mathematical approach to aggregation of individual interests, welfares, or votes. Much early work had aspects of both, and both fields use the tools of economics and game theory. Since voter behavior influences the behavior of public officials, public-choice theory often uses results from social-choice theory. General treatments of public choice may also be classified under public economics.
Bundle (software distribution), a package containing a software and everything it needs to operate together with some hardware or additional software (sometimes adware).
Bundling, or tarrying, was the traditional practice of wrapping one person in a bed accompanied by another, usually as a part of courting behavior. The tradition is thought to have originated either in the Netherlands or in the British Isles and later became common in Colonial America, especially in Pennsylvania Dutch Country. When used for courtship, the aim was to allow intimacy without sexual intercourse.
Courtship practice
Traditionally, participants were adolescents, with a boy staying at the residence of the girl. They were given separate blankets by the girl's parents and expected to talk to one another through the night. The practice was limited to the winter and sometimes the use of a bundling board, placed between the boy and girl, discouraged sexual conduct.
In America
In colonial America bundling was condemned by Jonathan Edwards and other preachers.
The practice of bundling continued in the early United States, where in the case of a scarcity of beds, travelers were occasionally permitted to bundle with locals. This seemingly strange practice allowed extra money to be made by renting out half a bed. Hotels rented rooms for the night, shared by many occupants, and sharing a bed entailed an additional fee.
Campaign finance in the United States is the financing of electoral campaigns at the federal, state, and local levels. At the federal level, campaign finance law is enacted by Congress and enforced by the Federal Election Commission (FEC), an independent federal agency. Although most campaign spending is privately financed, public financing is available for qualifying candidates for President of the United States during both the primaries and the general election. Eligibility requirements must be fulfilled to qualify for a government subsidy, and those that do accept government funding are usually subject to spending limits on money.
Races for non-federal offices are governed by state and local law. Over half the states allow some level of corporate and union contributions. Some states have limits on contributions from individuals that are lower than the national limits, while four states (Missouri, Oregon, Utah and Virginia) have no limits at all. This article deals primarily with campaigns for federal office.
Choice involves mentally making a decision: judging the merits of multiple options and selecting one or more of them. One can make a choice between imagined options ("what would I do if ...?") or between real options followed by the corresponding action. For example, a traveller might choose a route for a journey based on the preference of arriving at a given destination as soon as possible. The preferred (and therefore chosen) route can then follow from information such as the length of each of the possible routes, traffic conditions, etc. If the arrival at a choice includes more complex motivators, cognition, instinct and feeling can become more intertwined.
Simple choices might include what to eat for dinner or what to wear on a Saturday morning - choices that have relatively low-impact on the chooser's life overall. More complex choices might involve (for example) what candidate to vote for in an election, what profession to pursue, a life partner, etc. - choices based on multiple influences and having larger ramifications.
Amy Tran Kwitny was the young woman who went on to become Choice. The Choice Corporation's desire to create a corporate spokesmodel to compete with Ultratech's corporate symbol, Prototype, led to the creation of Choice. Amy Tran was a former subject of Aladdin experiments and considered an ideal subject. She was reacquired by the agency to be their test subject.
Aladdin and NuWare pooled their resources to make Amy Tran the first bioenhanced ultra. Sections of her brain were replaced with wetware implants created from the brain tissue of Forsa and Starburst, former members of the Squad. A period of testing and mental conditioning ensued, and Choice, as Amy Tran was now called, was turned over to CEO Bob Dixon, who used her as a spokesmodel and mistress.
A media sensation, Choice endorsed the Choice Corporation's products. They planned to later reveal her ultra powers, thereby skyrocketing her popularity. Unfortunately, her mental conditioning began to break down due to Dixon's sexual abuses. Choice was moved to Brazil to be reconditioned, but escaped.
We found the Word, we found a church, and we found reforms, but we hadn't found GOD. If you can't live with your Queen at home, and your children at home, you are putting on a Face at church. You are PLAYING Church. God doesn't want you to play church. He wants you to find HIM. He wants to Empower You. He wants to Empower your Marriage and Family. You see to Abide in Christ is to surrender all your known choices to Christ in the moment.
published: 25 Feb 2015
10.10.13 How Contract Bundling Create Impediments to Small Business Success
On October 10, 2013, the Small Business Subcommittee on Contracting and Workforce, under the chairmanship of Rep. Richard Hanna (R-NY), held a hearing on how contract bundling and consolidation negatively affects small businesses that wish to compete in the federal marketplace.
published: 10 Oct 2013
Corporate Site Selection From a Public Choice Perspective
The model developed builds off the Mankiw-Cochrane account of a distortionary corporate tax and the Heckscher-Ohlin model of Capital/Labor allocation to determine how firms will invest between two sites with differing corporate tax rates, how that Capital/Labor allocation will affect voter welfare in each site, and finally, what corporate tax incidence politicians will choose to maximize their respective voter’s utility bundle. Wholly unique to the model is that public Amenities, which are financed by taxes on the voter and the firm, are the sole determinant of Total Factor Productivity in the firm’s production function.
It builds off the assumption that politicians seek to maximize chances of re-election and are therefore fully constrained by the preferences of a representative voter, wh...
published: 15 May 2020
How Angie Kratzer's AP Language Multiple Choice Resources are Bundled
So many bundles! Angie has 13 resources to help students practice for the AP Lang multiple choice section, but they are bundled in different ways and included in several larger bundles. This short video explains what you're getting with each option.
You can see them all here: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Angie-Kratzer/Category/Multiple-Choice-Strategies-317496?utm_source=YouTube&utm_campaign=MC%20Bundle%20Explainer
published: 28 Mar 2022
Rent Seeking
published: 31 Jan 2022
Critiques of Public Choice Theory
In this video, I provide some discussion of some critiques of public choice theory writ large. To my mind, the two main critiques can be summarized as:
1. It can be used as a tool for social control
2. It challenges what we learn in high school civics
I do my best to present these arguments as fairly as I can as well as some discussion of why I (personally) think they miss the mark.
Freakonomics - CARES Act Episode: https://freakonomics.com/podcast/covid-19-cares-act/
Thomas Stratmann - The Effects of Logrolling on Congressional Voting: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2117472.pdf
published: 06 Apr 2020
Bundling and Distribution Strategies for Growing Subscribers
From AVOD, SVOD and carrier-OTT partnerships, content owners have a lot of options in the market when it comes to video distribution and bundling strategies. Hear what consumers want from OTT services, the pros and cons of bundling versus going direct-to-consumer, international distribution approaches, and what video services are doing to generate more subscribers and engagement.
Get ready for what the 2023 Streaming Summit has planned:
https://nabshow.com/2023/learn/conferences/streaming-summit/
#NABShow #StreamingSummit #OTT #AVOD #SVOD
published: 19 Feb 2023
Bob Murphy Show ep 99: Don Boudreaux on Austrians, Public Choice, and Debating Free Trade
The video corresponding to ep. 99 of the Bob Murphy Show, which originally aired on February 10, 2020. For more details and relevant links for additional material go to:
http://BobMurphyShow.com/99
We found the Word, we found a church, and we found reforms, but we hadn't found GOD. If you can't live with your Queen at home, and your children at home, you a...
We found the Word, we found a church, and we found reforms, but we hadn't found GOD. If you can't live with your Queen at home, and your children at home, you are putting on a Face at church. You are PLAYING Church. God doesn't want you to play church. He wants you to find HIM. He wants to Empower You. He wants to Empower your Marriage and Family. You see to Abide in Christ is to surrender all your known choices to Christ in the moment.
We found the Word, we found a church, and we found reforms, but we hadn't found GOD. If you can't live with your Queen at home, and your children at home, you are putting on a Face at church. You are PLAYING Church. God doesn't want you to play church. He wants you to find HIM. He wants to Empower You. He wants to Empower your Marriage and Family. You see to Abide in Christ is to surrender all your known choices to Christ in the moment.
On October 10, 2013, the Small Business Subcommittee on Contracting and Workforce, under the chairmanship of Rep. Richard Hanna (R-NY), held a hearing on how co...
On October 10, 2013, the Small Business Subcommittee on Contracting and Workforce, under the chairmanship of Rep. Richard Hanna (R-NY), held a hearing on how contract bundling and consolidation negatively affects small businesses that wish to compete in the federal marketplace.
On October 10, 2013, the Small Business Subcommittee on Contracting and Workforce, under the chairmanship of Rep. Richard Hanna (R-NY), held a hearing on how contract bundling and consolidation negatively affects small businesses that wish to compete in the federal marketplace.
The model developed builds off the Mankiw-Cochrane account of a distortionary corporate tax and the Heckscher-Ohlin model of Capital/Labor allocation to determi...
The model developed builds off the Mankiw-Cochrane account of a distortionary corporate tax and the Heckscher-Ohlin model of Capital/Labor allocation to determine how firms will invest between two sites with differing corporate tax rates, how that Capital/Labor allocation will affect voter welfare in each site, and finally, what corporate tax incidence politicians will choose to maximize their respective voter’s utility bundle. Wholly unique to the model is that public Amenities, which are financed by taxes on the voter and the firm, are the sole determinant of Total Factor Productivity in the firm’s production function.
It builds off the assumption that politicians seek to maximize chances of re-election and are therefore fully constrained by the preferences of a representative voter, which intuits that the choice of targeted subsidy is a function of voter preferences.
In other words, the model provides a novel, mathematically rigorous account of why politicians engage in targeted tax incentives from a public choice perspective.
The model developed builds off the Mankiw-Cochrane account of a distortionary corporate tax and the Heckscher-Ohlin model of Capital/Labor allocation to determine how firms will invest between two sites with differing corporate tax rates, how that Capital/Labor allocation will affect voter welfare in each site, and finally, what corporate tax incidence politicians will choose to maximize their respective voter’s utility bundle. Wholly unique to the model is that public Amenities, which are financed by taxes on the voter and the firm, are the sole determinant of Total Factor Productivity in the firm’s production function.
It builds off the assumption that politicians seek to maximize chances of re-election and are therefore fully constrained by the preferences of a representative voter, which intuits that the choice of targeted subsidy is a function of voter preferences.
In other words, the model provides a novel, mathematically rigorous account of why politicians engage in targeted tax incentives from a public choice perspective.
So many bundles! Angie has 13 resources to help students practice for the AP Lang multiple choice section, but they are bundled in different ways and included i...
So many bundles! Angie has 13 resources to help students practice for the AP Lang multiple choice section, but they are bundled in different ways and included in several larger bundles. This short video explains what you're getting with each option.
You can see them all here: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Angie-Kratzer/Category/Multiple-Choice-Strategies-317496?utm_source=YouTube&utm_campaign=MC%20Bundle%20Explainer
So many bundles! Angie has 13 resources to help students practice for the AP Lang multiple choice section, but they are bundled in different ways and included in several larger bundles. This short video explains what you're getting with each option.
You can see them all here: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Angie-Kratzer/Category/Multiple-Choice-Strategies-317496?utm_source=YouTube&utm_campaign=MC%20Bundle%20Explainer
In this video, I provide some discussion of some critiques of public choice theory writ large. To my mind, the two main critiques can be summarized as:
1. It ...
In this video, I provide some discussion of some critiques of public choice theory writ large. To my mind, the two main critiques can be summarized as:
1. It can be used as a tool for social control
2. It challenges what we learn in high school civics
I do my best to present these arguments as fairly as I can as well as some discussion of why I (personally) think they miss the mark.
Freakonomics - CARES Act Episode: https://freakonomics.com/podcast/covid-19-cares-act/
Thomas Stratmann - The Effects of Logrolling on Congressional Voting: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2117472.pdf
In this video, I provide some discussion of some critiques of public choice theory writ large. To my mind, the two main critiques can be summarized as:
1. It can be used as a tool for social control
2. It challenges what we learn in high school civics
I do my best to present these arguments as fairly as I can as well as some discussion of why I (personally) think they miss the mark.
Freakonomics - CARES Act Episode: https://freakonomics.com/podcast/covid-19-cares-act/
Thomas Stratmann - The Effects of Logrolling on Congressional Voting: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2117472.pdf
From AVOD, SVOD and carrier-OTT partnerships, content owners have a lot of options in the market when it comes to video distribution and bundling strategies. He...
From AVOD, SVOD and carrier-OTT partnerships, content owners have a lot of options in the market when it comes to video distribution and bundling strategies. Hear what consumers want from OTT services, the pros and cons of bundling versus going direct-to-consumer, international distribution approaches, and what video services are doing to generate more subscribers and engagement.
Get ready for what the 2023 Streaming Summit has planned:
https://nabshow.com/2023/learn/conferences/streaming-summit/
#NABShow #StreamingSummit #OTT #AVOD #SVOD
From AVOD, SVOD and carrier-OTT partnerships, content owners have a lot of options in the market when it comes to video distribution and bundling strategies. Hear what consumers want from OTT services, the pros and cons of bundling versus going direct-to-consumer, international distribution approaches, and what video services are doing to generate more subscribers and engagement.
Get ready for what the 2023 Streaming Summit has planned:
https://nabshow.com/2023/learn/conferences/streaming-summit/
#NABShow #StreamingSummit #OTT #AVOD #SVOD
The video corresponding to ep. 99 of the Bob Murphy Show, which originally aired on February 10, 2020. For more details and relevant links for additional materi...
The video corresponding to ep. 99 of the Bob Murphy Show, which originally aired on February 10, 2020. For more details and relevant links for additional material go to:
http://BobMurphyShow.com/99
The video corresponding to ep. 99 of the Bob Murphy Show, which originally aired on February 10, 2020. For more details and relevant links for additional material go to:
http://BobMurphyShow.com/99
We found the Word, we found a church, and we found reforms, but we hadn't found GOD. If you can't live with your Queen at home, and your children at home, you are putting on a Face at church. You are PLAYING Church. God doesn't want you to play church. He wants you to find HIM. He wants to Empower You. He wants to Empower your Marriage and Family. You see to Abide in Christ is to surrender all your known choices to Christ in the moment.
On October 10, 2013, the Small Business Subcommittee on Contracting and Workforce, under the chairmanship of Rep. Richard Hanna (R-NY), held a hearing on how contract bundling and consolidation negatively affects small businesses that wish to compete in the federal marketplace.
The model developed builds off the Mankiw-Cochrane account of a distortionary corporate tax and the Heckscher-Ohlin model of Capital/Labor allocation to determine how firms will invest between two sites with differing corporate tax rates, how that Capital/Labor allocation will affect voter welfare in each site, and finally, what corporate tax incidence politicians will choose to maximize their respective voter’s utility bundle. Wholly unique to the model is that public Amenities, which are financed by taxes on the voter and the firm, are the sole determinant of Total Factor Productivity in the firm’s production function.
It builds off the assumption that politicians seek to maximize chances of re-election and are therefore fully constrained by the preferences of a representative voter, which intuits that the choice of targeted subsidy is a function of voter preferences.
In other words, the model provides a novel, mathematically rigorous account of why politicians engage in targeted tax incentives from a public choice perspective.
So many bundles! Angie has 13 resources to help students practice for the AP Lang multiple choice section, but they are bundled in different ways and included in several larger bundles. This short video explains what you're getting with each option.
You can see them all here: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Angie-Kratzer/Category/Multiple-Choice-Strategies-317496?utm_source=YouTube&utm_campaign=MC%20Bundle%20Explainer
In this video, I provide some discussion of some critiques of public choice theory writ large. To my mind, the two main critiques can be summarized as:
1. It can be used as a tool for social control
2. It challenges what we learn in high school civics
I do my best to present these arguments as fairly as I can as well as some discussion of why I (personally) think they miss the mark.
Freakonomics - CARES Act Episode: https://freakonomics.com/podcast/covid-19-cares-act/
Thomas Stratmann - The Effects of Logrolling on Congressional Voting: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2117472.pdf
From AVOD, SVOD and carrier-OTT partnerships, content owners have a lot of options in the market when it comes to video distribution and bundling strategies. Hear what consumers want from OTT services, the pros and cons of bundling versus going direct-to-consumer, international distribution approaches, and what video services are doing to generate more subscribers and engagement.
Get ready for what the 2023 Streaming Summit has planned:
https://nabshow.com/2023/learn/conferences/streaming-summit/
#NABShow #StreamingSummit #OTT #AVOD #SVOD
The video corresponding to ep. 99 of the Bob Murphy Show, which originally aired on February 10, 2020. For more details and relevant links for additional material go to:
http://BobMurphyShow.com/99
In political science and public choice theory, bundling is a concept used for studying the selection of candidates for public office. A voter typically chooses a candidate (or party) for the legislature, rather than directly voting for specific policies. When doing so, the voter is essentially selecting among bundles of policies that a candidate or a party will enact if in power.
Overview
Occurring principally in republics, the electorate, rather than directly voting on each individual piece of proposed legislation, must choose a number of candidates (or parties) for the legislature. In so doing, they accept or reject each individual candidate or party and their "bundle" of positions on various issues. As there may be no candidate who perfectly reflects the views of an individual voter on all the issues of importance to him/her, each voter must prioritize what issues are most important and choose a candidate accordingly. Another form of bundling occurs in races where the candidate has a running mate who is elected on the same ticket, as in U.S. presidential elections.