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Tracking (particle physics)
In particle physics, the tracking is the act of measuring the direction and magnitude of charged particles momenta. The particles entering a tracker (the device used for tracking), release part of their energy in the device: the tracker has to be finely segmented in order to be able to reconstruct with good precision where the particle passed. Since the tracking is usually made in a region where a magnetic field is present, it is possible to reconstruct part of the helix made by the particle inside the tracker (that is called track), and from the track parameters, and by knowing the mass of the particle under study (which is known by the use of particle identification), it is possible to reconstruct the actual direction and magnitude of the particle momenta. From these information the tracking of charged particles can be used to reconstruct secondary decays, this can be done for B-tagging (in experiments like CDF or at LHC) or to fully reconstruct events (like in BaBar and Belle).
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Tracking_(particle_physics)
Tracking (dog)
Tracking is a technique in which dogs are trained to locate certain objects by using the object's scent, for a variety of purposes. Tracking has always been an essential skill for dogs to survive in the wild, through hunting and tracking down potential prey.
Physiological Mechanisms of Tracking
Primarily, dogs use their sense of smell, to find and follow a track. Dogs have a highly sensitive olfactory system superior to humans, and are able to discriminate between different human’s scents. Moreover, dogs are also able to use visual cues to follow a track.
Phases of tracking
There are three phases, which complete the process of tracking:
1. Searching Phase
2. Deciding Phase
3. Tracking phase
Factors influencing a dog’s tracking ability
There are several factors which influences a dog’s ability to track: Physiological features of the dog are a factor. Some instances include with age, sex are influences. As a dog ages, their olfactory acuity decreases and decreases their ability to track. Furthermore, male dogs have found to be better at tracking than females, possibly due to sex differences in olfaction. Sniffing behaviour also influences olfaction, and therefore a dog’s ability to track. For example, a dog’s ability to sniff is higher when it is not panting due to fatigue – it is physically impossible for a dog to both pant and sniff at the same time and the mouth must be open or closed respectively . However, dogs trained to track during physically demanding activities may have adapted their behaviour by increasing sniffing frequency to maximize olfaction, and tracking. Also, different dog breeds have varying suitability to different tasks of tracking. For example, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives use Labrador Retrievers for their tracking purposes.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Tracking_(dog)
Tracking (Scouting)
Tracking is an element of scouting that encompasses observation, stalking and the following of a trail. Unlike the form of tracking employed in hunting, tracking within the Scouting movement tends to focus on the tracking of people as well as animals. One form of training includes the laying a trail or following a trail laid by others. A trail is made up of a series of signs, largely comprising directions, which are laid on the ground.
History
Tracking has been part of scouting and guiding since the beginning; it was the subject of several of Baden-Powell's campfire yarns. In the eleventh he wrote that "One of the most important things that a Scout has to learn... is to let nothing escape his attention". He suggested several methods of learning observational skills, such as Kim's Game and other memory games. Following this, in yarn twelve, he wrote about spooring, relating to the tracking of people and animals. Scouts were encouraged to identify the difference between the tracks of different animals, as well as determining the age of the tracks and the pace of movement. It was in the thirteenth yarn that Baden-Powell introduced sign based tracking, where scouts were encouraged to deduce the location of a person or animal by following signs. The purpose of training scouts in tracking skills was to encourage observation and to make it possible for them to stalk animals for observation, or hunting as food.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Tracking_(Scouting)
XDR (audio)
XDR (eXtended Dynamic Range, also known as SDR (Super Dynamic Range)) is a quality-control and duplication process for the mass-production of pre-recorded audio cassettes. It is a process designed to provide higher quality audio on pre-recorded cassettes by checking the sound quality at all stages of the tape duplication process. In this way, the dynamic range of audio recorded on an XDR-duplicated cassette can be up to 13 decibels greater.
History
XDR was originally developed by Capitol Records-EMI of Canada in 1982 as "SDR" (Super Dynamic Range). Capitol in the USA then adopted the system for its cassette releases that same year, renaming it "XDR".
Process
The XDR/SDR process involves many steps, the most prominent being:
32Hz, 64Hz, 128Hz, 256Hz, 512Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, 4000Hz, 8820Hz, 11,025Hz, 18,000Hz
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/XDR_(audio)
Basic
Basic may refer to:
Computing
Other
See also
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Basic
OpenInsight
OpenInsight is a database application development tool from Revelation Software. It was first released in 1992; the current version is 9.4, released in June 2014.
OpenInsight is a windows-based development tool. It contains its own database which is a type of post-relational database known as a MultiValue database. OpenInsight contains tools for creating database applications that can run on Windows workstations, Windows, Linux, and Novell networks, and browser-based applications. The tools include, but are not limited to, a Table Builder, a Database Manager, editor, debugger and programming language, a forms designer for creating data entry forms, User Interface tools, reporting tools, and deployment tools.
OpenInsight's programming language is called Basic+, and is an extension or dialect of the BASIC programming language. OpenInsight applications can use data from Revelation Software's built-in database, or they can use data from SQL Databases, from Rocket Software's Rocket U2 databases, as well as TigerLogic's D3 database.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/OpenInsight
Basic (dance move)
The basic step, basic movement, basic pattern, or simply basic is the dance move that defines the character of a particular dance. It sets the rhythm of the dance; it is the default move to which a dancer returns, when not performing any other moves. For some dances it is sufficient to know the basic step performed in different handholds and dance positions to enjoy it socially.
Most traditional partner dances have only one basic step which can be easily mastered. Others, such as West Coast Swing, have multiple basic steps, any of which can theoretically be selected by the leader.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Basic_(dance_move)
Podcasts:
-
What We REALLY See at Particle Detectors
Since the era of particle colliders, physicists claim to have discovered many different types of elementary particles and with the latest discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) the standard model of particle physics is complete. The lifespan of such exotic particles however is in the order of 10^(-25) seconds which is a much smaller time interval humanity measured so far. What gives the physicists the right to claim they have discovered such particles? In this video, I am going to talk about how such particles are detected and what it truly means when physicists say they detected a new particle. Special thanks to https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/world-science-day-arrangement-with-microscope_18773860.htm#query=microscope&position=1&from_view=search&track...
published: 16 Apr 2023 -
L10.2 Instrumentation: Tracking Detectors
MIT 8.701 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Fall 2020 Instructor: Markus Klute View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/8-701F20 YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60Do91PdN978llIsvjKW0au Overview of calorimeter concepts. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu Support OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.
published: 24 Jun 2021 -
Particle Track Reconstruction: Joining the Dots at the LHC
To explore the fundamental particles that make up our Universe, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN collides protons at close to the speed of light, converting this energy to showers of subatomic particles. These short-lived particles can only be observed by the marks they leave in silicon layers when passing through the LHC detectors surrounding the collision sites. Complex algorithms are required to quickly and efficiently reconstruct particle tracks from these 3D points left in the detectors. The LHC produces hundreds of millions of collisions every second. Track reconstruction must occur within a fraction of a second to allow the most promising collision events to be selected and stored for downstream analysis tasks. The complexity of the problem has attracted more and more researc...
published: 25 Mar 2023 -
Tracking (particle physics) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracking_(particle_physics) Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone...
published: 04 May 2019 -
Particle Detectors Subatomic Bomb Squad
The manner in which particle physicists investigate collisions in particle accelerators is a puzzling process. Using vaguely-defined “detectors,” scientists are able to somehow reconstruct the collisions and convert that information into physics measurements. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln sheds light on this mysterious technique. In a surprising analogy, he draws a parallel between experimental particle physics and bomb squad investigators and uses an explosive example to illustrate his points. Be sure to watch this video… it’s totally the bomb.
published: 29 Aug 2014 -
3D Detector Geometry Recreation. Kaggle TrackML Particle Tracking Challenge.
TrackML Particle Tracking Challenge. 3D Detector Geometry Recreation
published: 30 Jul 2018 -
2 Experimental Particle Physics
published: 02 Jun 2022 -
[CFD] Lagrangian Particle Tracking
A brief introduction to Lagrangian Particle Tracking, which is used to track the motion of solids through a moving fluid. It is often also called the Eulerian-Lagrangian Approach to solids transport. The following topics are covered: 1) 4:10 How are Lagrangian Particle Tracks different to streamlines? 2) 11:51 How is the particle motion affected by Buoyancy and Drag? 3) 20:56 How does ANSYS simplify the particle force balance? #lagrangianParticleTracking #eulerLagrange #fluidmechanics101 NOTE: There is a slight error in one of the slides. The volume of a sphere is pi d^3/6 and not pi d^3/8. ================================= Some useful references: 1) ANSYS Fluent Theory Guide 15.2.1 Equations of Motion for Particles https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/th/n...
published: 24 Apr 2020 -
Exploring the Universe, Planets, and Astronomy | Space Documentary 2024
Subscribe → https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9PtgopmjLrQJ6dkmkR_iQ Discover the mysteries of the universe, explore the fascinating planets in our solar system, and delve into the wonders of astronomy. From the majestic rings of Saturn to the fiery surface of the Sun, this documentary provides an in-depth look at the celestial bodies that captivate our imagination. #SpaceDocumentary2024 #Astronomy #Universe #Planets #SpaceExploration #Cosmos #NASA #Astrophysics #Science #SpaceScience #SolarSystem #Stars #Galaxies #AstronomyLovers #SpaceFacts #SpaceVideos #Documentary #Educational #ScienceDocumentary #SpaceEnthusiasts #exploringtheuniverse
published: 03 Oct 2024 -
Lesson 8 - Radioactive Particle Tracking-I
published: 18 Feb 2018
developed with YouTube
17:42
What We REALLY See at Particle Detectors
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:42
- Uploaded Date: 16 Apr 2023
- views: 6195
Since the era of particle colliders, physicists claim to have discovered many different types of elementary particles and with the latest discovery of the Higgs...
Since the era of particle colliders, physicists claim to have discovered many different types of elementary particles and with the latest discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) the standard model of particle physics is complete. The lifespan of such exotic particles however is in the order of 10^(-25) seconds which is a much smaller time interval humanity measured so far. What gives the physicists the right to claim they have discovered such particles? In this video, I am going to talk about how such particles are detected and what it truly means when physicists say they detected a new particle.
Special thanks to
https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/world-science-day-arrangement-with-microscope_18773860.htm#query=microscope&position=1&from_view=search&track=sph
Image by Freepik -microscope
https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/diagram-atom-structure_25592671.htm#query=diagram-atom-structure&position=1&from_view=search&track=sph
Image by brgfx on Freepik
Cloudylabs, CC BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
By David J Morgan from Cambridge, UK - Tecnai 12 Electron Microscope, CC BY-SA 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21456519 - cloud chamber
Image from Gordon Fraser/CERN, cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/28742 CC BY 4.0 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Trajectories-in-a-Cloud-Chamber-the-core-evidence-for-the-local-particle-nature-of_fig2_329220318 - magnetic field cloud chamber
https://wn.com/What_We_Really_See_At_Particle_Detectors
Since the era of particle colliders, physicists claim to have discovered many different types of elementary particles and with the latest discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) the standard model of particle physics is complete. The lifespan of such exotic particles however is in the order of 10^(-25) seconds which is a much smaller time interval humanity measured so far. What gives the physicists the right to claim they have discovered such particles? In this video, I am going to talk about how such particles are detected and what it truly means when physicists say they detected a new particle.
Special thanks to
https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/world-science-day-arrangement-with-microscope_18773860.htm#query=microscope&position=1&from_view=search&track=sph
Image by Freepik -microscope
https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/diagram-atom-structure_25592671.htm#query=diagram-atom-structure&position=1&from_view=search&track=sph
Image by brgfx on Freepik
Cloudylabs, CC BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
By David J Morgan from Cambridge, UK - Tecnai 12 Electron Microscope, CC BY-SA 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21456519 - cloud chamber
Image from Gordon Fraser/CERN, cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/28742 CC BY 4.0 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Trajectories-in-a-Cloud-Chamber-the-core-evidence-for-the-local-particle-nature-of_fig2_329220318 - magnetic field cloud chamber
9:27
L10.2 Instrumentation: Tracking Detectors
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Uploaded Date: 24 Jun 2021
- views: 2065
MIT 8.701 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Fall 2020
Instructor: Markus Klute
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/8-701F20
YouTube Playl...
MIT 8.701 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Fall 2020
Instructor: Markus Klute
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/8-701F20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60Do91PdN978llIsvjKW0au
Overview of calorimeter concepts.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
Support OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ
We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.
https://wn.com/L10.2_Instrumentation_Tracking_Detectors
MIT 8.701 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Fall 2020
Instructor: Markus Klute
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/8-701F20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60Do91PdN978llIsvjKW0au
Overview of calorimeter concepts.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
Support OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ
We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.
- published: 24 Jun 2021
- views: 2065
47:25
Particle Track Reconstruction: Joining the Dots at the LHC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:25
- Uploaded Date: 25 Mar 2023
- views: 728
To explore the fundamental particles that make up our Universe, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN collides protons at close to the speed of light, convert...
To explore the fundamental particles that make up our Universe, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN collides protons at close to the speed of light, converting this energy to showers of subatomic particles. These short-lived particles can only be observed by the marks they leave in silicon layers when passing through the LHC detectors surrounding the collision sites. Complex algorithms are required to quickly and efficiently reconstruct particle tracks from these 3D points left in the detectors. The LHC produces hundreds of millions of collisions every second. Track reconstruction must occur within a fraction of a second to allow the most promising collision events to be selected and stored for downstream analysis tasks. The complexity of the problem has attracted more and more research in recent years into smarter algorithms and various machine learning approaches for the multiple stages of turning detector hits into particle tracks at the LHC.
#ai #ml #cern #lhc #physics #quantumphysics
https://wn.com/Particle_Track_Reconstruction_Joining_The_Dots_At_The_Lhc
To explore the fundamental particles that make up our Universe, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN collides protons at close to the speed of light, converting this energy to showers of subatomic particles. These short-lived particles can only be observed by the marks they leave in silicon layers when passing through the LHC detectors surrounding the collision sites. Complex algorithms are required to quickly and efficiently reconstruct particle tracks from these 3D points left in the detectors. The LHC produces hundreds of millions of collisions every second. Track reconstruction must occur within a fraction of a second to allow the most promising collision events to be selected and stored for downstream analysis tasks. The complexity of the problem has attracted more and more research in recent years into smarter algorithms and various machine learning approaches for the multiple stages of turning detector hits into particle tracks at the LHC.
#ai #ml #cern #lhc #physics #quantumphysics
- published: 25 Mar 2023
- views: 728
2:20
Tracking (particle physics) | Wikipedia audio article
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Uploaded Date: 04 May 2019
- views: 8
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracking_(particle_physics)
Listening is a more natural way of lear...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracking_(particle_physics)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.9500572280128121
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
In particle physics, tracking is the process of reconstructing the trajectory (or track) of electrically charged particles in a particle detector known as a tracker. The particles entering such a tracker leave a precise record of their passage through the device, by interaction with suitably constructed components and materials. The presence of a calibrated magnetic field, in all or part of the tracker, allows the local momentum of the charged particle to be directly determined from the reconstructed local curvature of the trajectory for known (or assumed) electric charge of the particle.
Generally, track reconstruction is divided int two stages: First track finding needs to be performed where a cluster of detector hits believed to originate from the same track are grouped together. Second, a track fitting is performed. Track fitting is the procedure of mathematically fitting a curve to the found hits and from this fit the momentum is obtained.Identification and reconstruction of trajectories from the digitised output of a modern tracker can, in the simplest cases, in the absence of a magnetic field and absorbing/scattering material, be achieved via straight-line segment fits. A simple helical model, to determine momentum in the presence of a magnetic field, might be sufficient in less simple cases, through to a complete (e.g.) Kalman Filter process, to provide a detailed reconstructed local model throughout the complete track in the most complex cases.This reconstruction of trajectory plus momentum allows projection to/through other detectors, which measure other important properties of the particle such as energy or particle type (Calorimeter, Cherenkov Detector). These reconstructed charged particles can be used to identify and reconstruct secondary decays, including those arising from 'unseen' neutral particles, as can be done for B-tagging (in experiments like CDF or at the LHC) and to fully reconstruct events (as in many current particle physics experiments, such as ATLAS, BaBar, Belle and CMS).
In particle physics there have been many devices used for tracking. These include cloud chambers (1920–1950), nuclear emulsion plates (1937–), bubble chambers (1952–) , spark chambers (1954-), multi wire proportional chambers (1968–) and drift chambers (1971–), including time projection chambers (1974–). With the advent of semiconductors plus modern photolithography, solid state trackers, also called silicon trackers (1980–), are used in experiments requiring compact, high-precision, fast-readout tracking; for example, close to the primary interaction point in a collider like the LHC.
https://wn.com/Tracking_(Particle_Physics)_|_Wikipedia_Audio_Article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracking_(particle_physics)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.9500572280128121
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
In particle physics, tracking is the process of reconstructing the trajectory (or track) of electrically charged particles in a particle detector known as a tracker. The particles entering such a tracker leave a precise record of their passage through the device, by interaction with suitably constructed components and materials. The presence of a calibrated magnetic field, in all or part of the tracker, allows the local momentum of the charged particle to be directly determined from the reconstructed local curvature of the trajectory for known (or assumed) electric charge of the particle.
Generally, track reconstruction is divided int two stages: First track finding needs to be performed where a cluster of detector hits believed to originate from the same track are grouped together. Second, a track fitting is performed. Track fitting is the procedure of mathematically fitting a curve to the found hits and from this fit the momentum is obtained.Identification and reconstruction of trajectories from the digitised output of a modern tracker can, in the simplest cases, in the absence of a magnetic field and absorbing/scattering material, be achieved via straight-line segment fits. A simple helical model, to determine momentum in the presence of a magnetic field, might be sufficient in less simple cases, through to a complete (e.g.) Kalman Filter process, to provide a detailed reconstructed local model throughout the complete track in the most complex cases.This reconstruction of trajectory plus momentum allows projection to/through other detectors, which measure other important properties of the particle such as energy or particle type (Calorimeter, Cherenkov Detector). These reconstructed charged particles can be used to identify and reconstruct secondary decays, including those arising from 'unseen' neutral particles, as can be done for B-tagging (in experiments like CDF or at the LHC) and to fully reconstruct events (as in many current particle physics experiments, such as ATLAS, BaBar, Belle and CMS).
In particle physics there have been many devices used for tracking. These include cloud chambers (1920–1950), nuclear emulsion plates (1937–), bubble chambers (1952–) , spark chambers (1954-), multi wire proportional chambers (1968–) and drift chambers (1971–), including time projection chambers (1974–). With the advent of semiconductors plus modern photolithography, solid state trackers, also called silicon trackers (1980–), are used in experiments requiring compact, high-precision, fast-readout tracking; for example, close to the primary interaction point in a collider like the LHC.
- published: 04 May 2019
- views: 8
9:48
Particle Detectors Subatomic Bomb Squad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:48
- Uploaded Date: 29 Aug 2014
- views: 56358
The manner in which particle physicists investigate collisions in particle accelerators is a puzzling process. Using vaguely-defined “detectors,” scientists are...
The manner in which particle physicists investigate collisions in particle accelerators is a puzzling process. Using vaguely-defined “detectors,” scientists are able to somehow reconstruct the collisions and convert that information into physics measurements. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln sheds light on this mysterious technique. In a surprising analogy, he draws a parallel between experimental particle physics and bomb squad investigators and uses an explosive example to illustrate his points. Be sure to watch this video… it’s totally the bomb.
https://wn.com/Particle_Detectors_Subatomic_Bomb_Squad
The manner in which particle physicists investigate collisions in particle accelerators is a puzzling process. Using vaguely-defined “detectors,” scientists are able to somehow reconstruct the collisions and convert that information into physics measurements. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln sheds light on this mysterious technique. In a surprising analogy, he draws a parallel between experimental particle physics and bomb squad investigators and uses an explosive example to illustrate his points. Be sure to watch this video… it’s totally the bomb.
- published: 29 Aug 2014
- views: 56358
1:50
3D Detector Geometry Recreation. Kaggle TrackML Particle Tracking Challenge.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:50
- Uploaded Date: 30 Jul 2018
- views: 6533
TrackML Particle Tracking Challenge.
3D Detector Geometry Recreation
TrackML Particle Tracking Challenge.
3D Detector Geometry Recreation
https://wn.com/3D_Detector_Geometry_Recreation._Kaggle_Trackml_Particle_Tracking_Challenge.
TrackML Particle Tracking Challenge.
3D Detector Geometry Recreation
- published: 30 Jul 2018
- views: 6533
13:05
2 Experimental Particle Physics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:05
- Uploaded Date: 02 Jun 2022
- views: 223
- published: 02 Jun 2022
- views: 223
29:44
[CFD] Lagrangian Particle Tracking
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:44
- Uploaded Date: 24 Apr 2020
- views: 27042
A brief introduction to Lagrangian Particle Tracking, which is used to track the motion of solids through a moving fluid. It is often also called the Eulerian-L...
A brief introduction to Lagrangian Particle Tracking, which is used to track the motion of solids through a moving fluid. It is often also called the Eulerian-Lagrangian Approach to solids transport. The following topics are covered:
1) 4:10 How are Lagrangian Particle Tracks different to streamlines?
2) 11:51 How is the particle motion affected by Buoyancy and Drag?
3) 20:56 How does ANSYS simplify the particle force balance?
#lagrangianParticleTracking #eulerLagrange #fluidmechanics101
NOTE: There is a slight error in one of the slides. The volume of a sphere is
pi d^3/6 and not pi d^3/8.
=================================
Some useful references:
1) ANSYS Fluent Theory Guide
15.2.1 Equations of Motion for Particles
https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/th/node241.htm
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Disclaimer
==================================
The methods, algorithms, equations, formulae, diagrams and explanations in this talk are for educational and demonstrative purposes only. They should never be used to analyse, design, accredit or validate real scientific / engineering / mathematical structures and flow systems. For such applications, appropriate trained, qualified and accredited (SQEP) engineers / scientists should be consulted along with the appropriate documentation, procedures and engineering standards. Furthermore, the information contained within this talk has not been verified, peer reviewed or checked in any way and is likely to contain several errors. It is therefore not appropriate to use this talk itself (or any of the algorithms, equations, formulae, diagrams and explanations contained within this talk) as an academic or technical reference. The reader should consult the original references and follow the verification and validation processes adopted by your company / institution when carrying out engineering calculations and analyses. Fluid Mechanics 101 and Dr. Aidan Wimshurst are not accountable or liable in any form for the use or misuse of the information contained in this talk beyond the specific educational and demonstrative purposes for which it was intended.
https://wn.com/Cfd_Lagrangian_Particle_Tracking
A brief introduction to Lagrangian Particle Tracking, which is used to track the motion of solids through a moving fluid. It is often also called the Eulerian-Lagrangian Approach to solids transport. The following topics are covered:
1) 4:10 How are Lagrangian Particle Tracks different to streamlines?
2) 11:51 How is the particle motion affected by Buoyancy and Drag?
3) 20:56 How does ANSYS simplify the particle force balance?
#lagrangianParticleTracking #eulerLagrange #fluidmechanics101
NOTE: There is a slight error in one of the slides. The volume of a sphere is
pi d^3/6 and not pi d^3/8.
=================================
Some useful references:
1) ANSYS Fluent Theory Guide
15.2.1 Equations of Motion for Particles
https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/th/node241.htm
============================================
Want to learn more?
============================================
Grab a copy of my CFD Fundamentals Course (for beginners):
https://www.udemy.com/course/computational-fluid-dynamics-fundamentals-course/?referralCode=F9CF2DFFCA224E93834E
Learn how to write your own CFD code in MATLAB and python (for intermediates):
https://dr-aidan-wimshurst-s-school.teachable.com/p/the-simple-algorithm
Learn how I draw my figures and diagrams in Inkscape (for everyone):
https://dr-aidan-wimshurst-s-school.teachable.com/p/inkscape-for-scientists-and-engineers
============================================
Did you like the video?
============================================
Download the lecture slides from my website:
https://www.fluidmechanics101.com/pages/lectures.html
Buy me a coffee to say thanks:
https://www.buymeacoffee.com/NKEZrhvg0
Support the channel on Patreon (and get useful extras for your CFD studies):
https://www.patreon.com/fluidmechanics101
============================================
Donations:
============================================
1) PayPal
https://www.paypal.me/fluidmechanics101
==================================
Disclaimer
==================================
The methods, algorithms, equations, formulae, diagrams and explanations in this talk are for educational and demonstrative purposes only. They should never be used to analyse, design, accredit or validate real scientific / engineering / mathematical structures and flow systems. For such applications, appropriate trained, qualified and accredited (SQEP) engineers / scientists should be consulted along with the appropriate documentation, procedures and engineering standards. Furthermore, the information contained within this talk has not been verified, peer reviewed or checked in any way and is likely to contain several errors. It is therefore not appropriate to use this talk itself (or any of the algorithms, equations, formulae, diagrams and explanations contained within this talk) as an academic or technical reference. The reader should consult the original references and follow the verification and validation processes adopted by your company / institution when carrying out engineering calculations and analyses. Fluid Mechanics 101 and Dr. Aidan Wimshurst are not accountable or liable in any form for the use or misuse of the information contained in this talk beyond the specific educational and demonstrative purposes for which it was intended.
- published: 24 Apr 2020
- views: 27042
2:59:45
Exploring the Universe, Planets, and Astronomy | Space Documentary 2024
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59:45
- Uploaded Date: 03 Oct 2024
- views: 367
Subscribe → https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9PtgopmjLrQJ6dkmkR_iQ
Discover the mysteries of the universe, explore the fascinating planets in our solar syste...
Subscribe → https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9PtgopmjLrQJ6dkmkR_iQ
Discover the mysteries of the universe, explore the fascinating planets in our solar system, and delve into the wonders of astronomy. From the majestic rings of Saturn to the fiery surface of the Sun, this documentary provides an in-depth look at the celestial bodies that captivate our imagination.
#SpaceDocumentary2024 #Astronomy #Universe #Planets #SpaceExploration #Cosmos #NASA #Astrophysics #Science #SpaceScience #SolarSystem #Stars #Galaxies #AstronomyLovers #SpaceFacts #SpaceVideos #Documentary #Educational #ScienceDocumentary #SpaceEnthusiasts #exploringtheuniverse
https://wn.com/Exploring_The_Universe,_Planets,_And_Astronomy_|_Space_Documentary_2024
Subscribe → https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9PtgopmjLrQJ6dkmkR_iQ
Discover the mysteries of the universe, explore the fascinating planets in our solar system, and delve into the wonders of astronomy. From the majestic rings of Saturn to the fiery surface of the Sun, this documentary provides an in-depth look at the celestial bodies that captivate our imagination.
#SpaceDocumentary2024 #Astronomy #Universe #Planets #SpaceExploration #Cosmos #NASA #Astrophysics #Science #SpaceScience #SolarSystem #Stars #Galaxies #AstronomyLovers #SpaceFacts #SpaceVideos #Documentary #Educational #ScienceDocumentary #SpaceEnthusiasts #exploringtheuniverse
- published: 03 Oct 2024
- views: 367
56:38
Lesson 8 - Radioactive Particle Tracking-I
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 56:38
- Uploaded Date: 18 Feb 2018
- views: 967
- published: 18 Feb 2018
- views: 967
17:42
What We REALLY See at Particle Detectors
Since the era of particle colliders, physicists claim to have discovered many different ty...
published: 16 Apr 2023
What We REALLY See at Particle Detectors
What We REALLY See at Particle Detectors
- Report rights infringement
- published: 16 Apr 2023
- views: 6195
Since the era of particle colliders, physicists claim to have discovered many different types of elementary particles and with the latest discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) the standard model of particle physics is complete. The lifespan of such exotic particles however is in the order of 10^(-25) seconds which is a much smaller time interval humanity measured so far. What gives the physicists the right to claim they have discovered such particles? In this video, I am going to talk about how such particles are detected and what it truly means when physicists say they detected a new particle.
Special thanks to
https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/world-science-day-arrangement-with-microscope_18773860.htm#query=microscope&position=1&from_view=search&track=sph
Image by Freepik -microscope
https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/diagram-atom-structure_25592671.htm#query=diagram-atom-structure&position=1&from_view=search&track=sph
Image by brgfx on Freepik
Cloudylabs, CC BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
By David J Morgan from Cambridge, UK - Tecnai 12 Electron Microscope, CC BY-SA 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21456519 - cloud chamber
Image from Gordon Fraser/CERN, cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/28742 CC BY 4.0 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Trajectories-in-a-Cloud-Chamber-the-core-evidence-for-the-local-particle-nature-of_fig2_329220318 - magnetic field cloud chamber
9:27
L10.2 Instrumentation: Tracking Detectors
MIT 8.701 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Fall 2020
Instructor: Markus Klute...
published: 24 Jun 2021
L10.2 Instrumentation: Tracking Detectors
L10.2 Instrumentation: Tracking Detectors
- Report rights infringement
- published: 24 Jun 2021
- views: 2065
MIT 8.701 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Fall 2020
Instructor: Markus Klute
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/8-701F20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60Do91PdN978llIsvjKW0au
Overview of calorimeter concepts.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
Support OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ
We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.
47:25
Particle Track Reconstruction: Joining the Dots at the LHC
To explore the fundamental particles that make up our Universe, the Large Hadron Collider ...
published: 25 Mar 2023
Particle Track Reconstruction: Joining the Dots at the LHC
Particle Track Reconstruction: Joining the Dots at the LHC
- Report rights infringement
- published: 25 Mar 2023
- views: 728
To explore the fundamental particles that make up our Universe, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN collides protons at close to the speed of light, converting this energy to showers of subatomic particles. These short-lived particles can only be observed by the marks they leave in silicon layers when passing through the LHC detectors surrounding the collision sites. Complex algorithms are required to quickly and efficiently reconstruct particle tracks from these 3D points left in the detectors. The LHC produces hundreds of millions of collisions every second. Track reconstruction must occur within a fraction of a second to allow the most promising collision events to be selected and stored for downstream analysis tasks. The complexity of the problem has attracted more and more research in recent years into smarter algorithms and various machine learning approaches for the multiple stages of turning detector hits into particle tracks at the LHC.
#ai #ml #cern #lhc #physics #quantumphysics
2:20
Tracking (particle physics) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracking...
published: 04 May 2019
Tracking (particle physics) | Wikipedia audio article
Tracking (particle physics) | Wikipedia audio article
- Report rights infringement
- published: 04 May 2019
- views: 8
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracking_(particle_physics)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.9500572280128121
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
In particle physics, tracking is the process of reconstructing the trajectory (or track) of electrically charged particles in a particle detector known as a tracker. The particles entering such a tracker leave a precise record of their passage through the device, by interaction with suitably constructed components and materials. The presence of a calibrated magnetic field, in all or part of the tracker, allows the local momentum of the charged particle to be directly determined from the reconstructed local curvature of the trajectory for known (or assumed) electric charge of the particle.
Generally, track reconstruction is divided int two stages: First track finding needs to be performed where a cluster of detector hits believed to originate from the same track are grouped together. Second, a track fitting is performed. Track fitting is the procedure of mathematically fitting a curve to the found hits and from this fit the momentum is obtained.Identification and reconstruction of trajectories from the digitised output of a modern tracker can, in the simplest cases, in the absence of a magnetic field and absorbing/scattering material, be achieved via straight-line segment fits. A simple helical model, to determine momentum in the presence of a magnetic field, might be sufficient in less simple cases, through to a complete (e.g.) Kalman Filter process, to provide a detailed reconstructed local model throughout the complete track in the most complex cases.This reconstruction of trajectory plus momentum allows projection to/through other detectors, which measure other important properties of the particle such as energy or particle type (Calorimeter, Cherenkov Detector). These reconstructed charged particles can be used to identify and reconstruct secondary decays, including those arising from 'unseen' neutral particles, as can be done for B-tagging (in experiments like CDF or at the LHC) and to fully reconstruct events (as in many current particle physics experiments, such as ATLAS, BaBar, Belle and CMS).
In particle physics there have been many devices used for tracking. These include cloud chambers (1920–1950), nuclear emulsion plates (1937–), bubble chambers (1952–) , spark chambers (1954-), multi wire proportional chambers (1968–) and drift chambers (1971–), including time projection chambers (1974–). With the advent of semiconductors plus modern photolithography, solid state trackers, also called silicon trackers (1980–), are used in experiments requiring compact, high-precision, fast-readout tracking; for example, close to the primary interaction point in a collider like the LHC.
9:48
Particle Detectors Subatomic Bomb Squad
The manner in which particle physicists investigate collisions in particle accelerators is...
published: 29 Aug 2014
Particle Detectors Subatomic Bomb Squad
Particle Detectors Subatomic Bomb Squad
- Report rights infringement
- published: 29 Aug 2014
- views: 56358
The manner in which particle physicists investigate collisions in particle accelerators is a puzzling process. Using vaguely-defined “detectors,” scientists are able to somehow reconstruct the collisions and convert that information into physics measurements. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln sheds light on this mysterious technique. In a surprising analogy, he draws a parallel between experimental particle physics and bomb squad investigators and uses an explosive example to illustrate his points. Be sure to watch this video… it’s totally the bomb.
1:50
3D Detector Geometry Recreation. Kaggle TrackML Particle Tracking Challenge.
TrackML Particle Tracking Challenge.
3D Detector Geometry Recreation
published: 30 Jul 2018
3D Detector Geometry Recreation. Kaggle TrackML Particle Tracking Challenge.
3D Detector Geometry Recreation. Kaggle TrackML Particle Tracking Challenge.
- Report rights infringement
- published: 30 Jul 2018
- views: 6533
TrackML Particle Tracking Challenge.
3D Detector Geometry Recreation
13:05
2 Experimental Particle Physics
published: 02 Jun 2022
2 Experimental Particle Physics
2 Experimental Particle Physics
- Report rights infringement
- published: 02 Jun 2022
- views: 223
29:44
[CFD] Lagrangian Particle Tracking
A brief introduction to Lagrangian Particle Tracking, which is used to track the motion of...
published: 24 Apr 2020
[CFD] Lagrangian Particle Tracking
[CFD] Lagrangian Particle Tracking
- Report rights infringement
- published: 24 Apr 2020
- views: 27042
A brief introduction to Lagrangian Particle Tracking, which is used to track the motion of solids through a moving fluid. It is often also called the Eulerian-Lagrangian Approach to solids transport. The following topics are covered:
1) 4:10 How are Lagrangian Particle Tracks different to streamlines?
2) 11:51 How is the particle motion affected by Buoyancy and Drag?
3) 20:56 How does ANSYS simplify the particle force balance?
#lagrangianParticleTracking #eulerLagrange #fluidmechanics101
NOTE: There is a slight error in one of the slides. The volume of a sphere is
pi d^3/6 and not pi d^3/8.
=================================
Some useful references:
1) ANSYS Fluent Theory Guide
15.2.1 Equations of Motion for Particles
https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/th/node241.htm
============================================
Want to learn more?
============================================
Grab a copy of my CFD Fundamentals Course (for beginners):
https://www.udemy.com/course/computational-fluid-dynamics-fundamentals-course/?referralCode=F9CF2DFFCA224E93834E
Learn how to write your own CFD code in MATLAB and python (for intermediates):
https://dr-aidan-wimshurst-s-school.teachable.com/p/the-simple-algorithm
Learn how I draw my figures and diagrams in Inkscape (for everyone):
https://dr-aidan-wimshurst-s-school.teachable.com/p/inkscape-for-scientists-and-engineers
============================================
Did you like the video?
============================================
Download the lecture slides from my website:
https://www.fluidmechanics101.com/pages/lectures.html
Buy me a coffee to say thanks:
https://www.buymeacoffee.com/NKEZrhvg0
Support the channel on Patreon (and get useful extras for your CFD studies):
https://www.patreon.com/fluidmechanics101
============================================
Donations:
============================================
1) PayPal
https://www.paypal.me/fluidmechanics101
==================================
Disclaimer
==================================
The methods, algorithms, equations, formulae, diagrams and explanations in this talk are for educational and demonstrative purposes only. They should never be used to analyse, design, accredit or validate real scientific / engineering / mathematical structures and flow systems. For such applications, appropriate trained, qualified and accredited (SQEP) engineers / scientists should be consulted along with the appropriate documentation, procedures and engineering standards. Furthermore, the information contained within this talk has not been verified, peer reviewed or checked in any way and is likely to contain several errors. It is therefore not appropriate to use this talk itself (or any of the algorithms, equations, formulae, diagrams and explanations contained within this talk) as an academic or technical reference. The reader should consult the original references and follow the verification and validation processes adopted by your company / institution when carrying out engineering calculations and analyses. Fluid Mechanics 101 and Dr. Aidan Wimshurst are not accountable or liable in any form for the use or misuse of the information contained in this talk beyond the specific educational and demonstrative purposes for which it was intended.
2:59:45
Exploring the Universe, Planets, and Astronomy | Space Documentary 2024
Subscribe → https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9PtgopmjLrQJ6dkmkR_iQ
Discover the mysteri...
published: 03 Oct 2024
Exploring the Universe, Planets, and Astronomy | Space Documentary 2024
Exploring the Universe, Planets, and Astronomy | Space Documentary 2024
- Report rights infringement
- published: 03 Oct 2024
- views: 367
Subscribe → https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9PtgopmjLrQJ6dkmkR_iQ
Discover the mysteries of the universe, explore the fascinating planets in our solar system, and delve into the wonders of astronomy. From the majestic rings of Saturn to the fiery surface of the Sun, this documentary provides an in-depth look at the celestial bodies that captivate our imagination.
#SpaceDocumentary2024 #Astronomy #Universe #Planets #SpaceExploration #Cosmos #NASA #Astrophysics #Science #SpaceScience #SolarSystem #Stars #Galaxies #AstronomyLovers #SpaceFacts #SpaceVideos #Documentary #Educational #ScienceDocumentary #SpaceEnthusiasts #exploringtheuniverse
56:38
Lesson 8 - Radioactive Particle Tracking-I
published: 18 Feb 2018
Lesson 8 - Radioactive Particle Tracking-I
Lesson 8 - Radioactive Particle Tracking-I
- Report rights infringement
- published: 18 Feb 2018
- views: 967
Tracking (particle physics)
In particle physics, the tracking is the act of measuring the direction and magnitude of charged particles momenta. The particles entering a tracker (the device used for tracking), release part of their energy in the device: the tracker has to be finely segmented in order to be able to reconstruct with good precision where the particle passed. Since the tracking is usually made in a region where a magnetic field is present, it is possible to reconstruct part of the helix made by the particle inside the tracker (that is called track), and from the track parameters, and by knowing the mass of the particle under study (which is known by the use of particle identification), it is possible to reconstruct the actual direction and magnitude of the particle momenta. From these information the tracking of charged particles can be used to reconstruct secondary decays, this can be done for B-tagging (in experiments like CDF or at LHC) or to fully reconstruct events (like in BaBar and Belle).
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Tracking_(particle_physics)
What We REALLY See at Particle Detectors...
L10.2 Instrumentation: Tracking Detectors...
Particle Track Reconstruction: Joining the Dots at...
Tracking (particle physics) | Wikipedia audio arti...
Particle Detectors Subatomic Bomb Squad...
3D Detector Geometry Recreation. Kaggle TrackML Pa...
2 Experimental Particle Physics...
[CFD] Lagrangian Particle Tracking...
Exploring the Universe, Planets, and Astronomy | S...