The term Ajami (Arabic:عجميʿaǧamī ), or Ajamiyya (Arabic:عجميةʿaǧamiyyah), which comes from the Arabic root for "foreign" or "stranger," has been applied to Arabic alphabets used for writing African languages, especially those of Hausa and Swahili, although many other African languages were written using the script. It is considered an Arabic derived African writing system. Since African languages involve phonetic sounds and systems different from the Arabic language, there have often been adaptations of the Arabic script to transcribe them—a process not unlike what has been done with the Arabic script in non-Arabic speaking countries of the Middle East, and with the Latin script in Africa or with the Vietnamese alphabet.
The West African Hausa is an example of a language written using Ajami, especially during the pre-colonial period when Qur'anic schools taught Muslim children Arabic, and by extension, Ajami. When Western colonizers adopted a Latin orthography for Hausa, Ajami went into decline, and today is employed less frequently than the Latin standard orthography. However, Hausa Ajami is still in widespread use, especially in Islamic circles.
An alphabet is a standard set of letters (basic written symbols or graphemes) which is used to write one or more languages based on the general principle that the letters represent phonemes (basic significant sounds) of the spoken language. This is in contrast to other types of writing systems, such as syllabaries (in which each character represents a syllable) and logographies (in which each character represents a word, morpheme, or semantic unit).
The Proto-Canaanite script, later known as the Phoenician alphabet, is the first fully phonemic script. Thus the Phoenician alphabet is considered to be the first alphabet. The Phoenician alphabet is the ancestor of most modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin, Cyrillic, Hebrew, and possibly Brahmic. According to terminology introduced by Peter T. Daniels, an "alphabet" is a script that represents both vowels and consonants as letters equally. In this narrow sense of the word the first "true" alphabet was the Greek alphabet, which was developed on the basis of the earlier Phoenician alphabet. In other alphabetic scripts such as the original Phoenician, Hebrew or Arabic, letters predominantly or exclusively represent consonants; such a script is also called an abjad. A third type, called abugida or alphasyllabary, is one where vowels are shown by diacritics or modifications of consonantal base letters, as in Devanagari and other South Asian scripts.
Alphabet Inc. (commonly known as Alphabet, and frequently informally referred to as Google) is an American multinational conglomerate created in 2015 as the parent company of Google and several other companies previously owned by or tied to Google. The company is based in California and headed by Google's co-founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, with Page serving as CEO and Brin as President. The reorganization of Google into Alphabet was completed on October 2, 2015. Alphabet's portfolio encompasses several industries, including technology, life sciences, investment capital, and research. Some of its subsidiaries include Google, Calico, GV, Google Capital, X, Google Fiber and Nest Labs. Some of the subsidiaries of Alphabet have altered their names since leaving Google - Google Ventures becoming GV, Google Life Sciences becoming Verily and Google X becoming just X. Following the restructuring Page became CEO of Alphabet while Sundar Pichai took his position as CEO of Google. Shares of Google's stock have been converted into Alphabet stock, which trade under Google's former ticker symbols of "GOOG" and "GOOGL".
In formal language theory, a string is defined as a finite sequence of members of an underlying base set; this set is called the alphabet of a string or collection of strings. The members of the set are called symbols, and are typically thought of as representing letters, characters, or digits. For example, a common alphabet is {0,1}, the binary alphabet, and a binary string is a string drawn from the alphabet {0,1}. An infinite sequence of letters may be constructed from elements of an alphabet as well.
Given an alphabet , the set of all strings over the alphabet of length is indicated by . The set of all finite strings (regardless of their length) is indicated by the Kleene star operator as , and is also called the Kleene closure of . The notation indicates the set of all infinite sequences over the alphabet , and indicates the set of all finite or infinite sequences.
For example, using the binary alphabet {0,1}, the strings ε, 0, 1, 00, 01, 10, 11, 000, etc. are all in the Kleene closure of the alphabet (where ε represents the empty string).
Ajam is a word used in Persian and Arabic literature, but with different meanings.
In Arabic, Ajam (عجم) has two meanings: "non-Arab", and "Persian". Literally it has the meaning "one who is illiterate in language", "silent", or "mute", and refers to non-Arabs in general. In the former sense it is a neutral term meaning "stranger" or "foreign".
Etymology
Origin
Ajam has one primary meaning in Arabic: "non-Arab".
according to a traditional etymology The word `ajam comes from the Semitic root `-j-m. Related forms of the same root include, but are not limited to:
`ajama / 'a'jama / `ajjama: to dot - in particular, to add the dots that distinguish between various Arabic letters to a text (and hence make it easier for a non-native Arabic speaker to read). Now an obsolete term, since all modern Arabic texts are dotted. This may also be linked to `ajaam / `ajam: pit/seed (e.g. of a date or grape).
The film contains five story lines, each of which is presented in a non-chronological fashion. Some events are shown multiple times from varying perspectives. A young Israeli Arab boy, Nasri, who lives in the Ajami neighborhood of Jaffa, narrates the film.
In the first story, Nasri's neighbor—a teenage boy—is shot to death by a well-known Bedouin clan in a drive-by shooting while working on his car. Nasri explains that the intended target was his older brother Omar, who had previously sold the car to the neighbor. The botched hit was revenge for a loss of one of Bedouin clan members, who was shot and paralyzed by Nasri's uncle in a dispute. Nasri and his younger sister are sent to Jerusalem, while Omar, his mother, and grandfather stay behind. Fearing for his family's safety, Omar seeks protection and guidance from Abu Elias, an affluent restaurant owner, and well known and respected member of the Jaffa community. Abu Elias arranges for a three day cease fire, and hires a lawyer to represent Omar in tribal court. During this time, Nasri and his sister return home. At the conclusion of the court session, the judge declares that Omar must pay tens of thousands of dinars—the equivalent of tens of thousands of US dollars—so peace can be restored. Omar is given three weeks to make good on his payment. Omar and his friend Shaata attempt petty crime in order to come up with the finances, but are unsuccessful at bringing in enough money. Omar's mother attempts to persuade him to escape with the family, but Omar refuses to leave, believing that there is no place to run to.
Apprendre l'aphabet pulaar écris en Ajami c'est à dire avec les lettres arabes complétés. Avec des exemples de mots traduits en français.
published: 31 Oct 2018
Ajami Hausa Alphabet Lore Song
Sorry for Ki:/
published: 10 Aug 2023
L'alphabet wolof Ajami
Apprendre l'aphabet wolof écris en Ajami c'est à dire avec les lettres arabes complétés. Avec des exemples de mots traduits en français.
published: 31 Oct 2018
Hausa Alphabet Song
wow matematix makes an alphabet song real
published: 13 May 2023
Ajami: The Kanji of Africa
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published: 09 Nov 2021
The World: Africa's Ajami writing system
When Sub-Saharan Africans converted to Islam more than a thousand years ago, they did so using a modified Arabic text known as Ajami. Today, Ajami is a whole writing system used by many Africans to conduct business transactions, to keep family histories, and to write poetry. The World's Katy Clark tells us about how scholars are only now coming to understand and appreciate the value of Ajami writings.
published: 17 Sep 2010
Lebanese Alphabet Song
published: 03 Mar 2023
Sanzhi Alphabet Song
sanzhi is my conlang
lyrics: aminah
music, vocal: orion (@OrionStudiosOfficial)
poses: finn (@finnkite) and aminah
published: 14 May 2023
ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা A_Z উচ্চারণ শিখি | english alphabet | english children education | learning english
দ্রত আপনার বাচ্চাকে ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা উচ্চারণ শেখান, ইংরেজি শিক্ষা, এ টু জেড ইংলিশ, learning english, capital letters, english alphabet, education video, children english learning, english capital letters, english alphabets, #learn_english #english_alphabet #english #bornomala
ENGLISH CAPITAL LETTERS :
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z .
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Source: #54
When Sub-Saharan Africans converted to Islam more than a thousand years ago, they did so using a modified Arabic text known as Ajami. Today, Ajami is a whole wr...
When Sub-Saharan Africans converted to Islam more than a thousand years ago, they did so using a modified Arabic text known as Ajami. Today, Ajami is a whole writing system used by many Africans to conduct business transactions, to keep family histories, and to write poetry. The World's Katy Clark tells us about how scholars are only now coming to understand and appreciate the value of Ajami writings.
When Sub-Saharan Africans converted to Islam more than a thousand years ago, they did so using a modified Arabic text known as Ajami. Today, Ajami is a whole writing system used by many Africans to conduct business transactions, to keep family histories, and to write poetry. The World's Katy Clark tells us about how scholars are only now coming to understand and appreciate the value of Ajami writings.
দ্রত আপনার বাচ্চাকে ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা উচ্চারণ শেখান, ইংরেজি শিক্ষা, এ টু জেড ইংলিশ, learning english, capital letters, english alphabet, education video, children...
দ্রত আপনার বাচ্চাকে ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা উচ্চারণ শেখান, ইংরেজি শিক্ষা, এ টু জেড ইংলিশ, learning english, capital letters, english alphabet, education video, children english learning, english capital letters, english alphabets, #learn_english #english_alphabet #english #bornomala
ENGLISH CAPITAL LETTERS :
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z .
ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা A to Z উচ্চারণ শিখি, english alphabets, english education, kids learning english, ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা, A to Z উচ্চারণ শিখি, english alphabets, english, education, kids learning english
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দ্রত আপনার বাচ্চাকে ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা উচ্চারণ শেখান, ইংরেজি শিক্ষা, এ টু জেড ইংলিশ, learning english, capital letters, english alphabet, education video, children english learning, english capital letters, english alphabets, #learn_english #english_alphabet #english #bornomala
ENGLISH CAPITAL LETTERS :
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z .
ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা A to Z উচ্চারণ শিখি, english alphabets, english education, kids learning english, ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা, A to Z উচ্চারণ শিখি, english alphabets, english, education, kids learning english
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The alphabet in Swahili. In Swahili the name of each letter depends on the vowel. In this video the letters are pronounced with an ‘E’ sound
Song by Celestine ...
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Source: #54
When Sub-Saharan Africans converted to Islam more than a thousand years ago, they did so using a modified Arabic text known as Ajami. Today, Ajami is a whole writing system used by many Africans to conduct business transactions, to keep family histories, and to write poetry. The World's Katy Clark tells us about how scholars are only now coming to understand and appreciate the value of Ajami writings.
দ্রত আপনার বাচ্চাকে ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা উচ্চারণ শেখান, ইংরেজি শিক্ষা, এ টু জেড ইংলিশ, learning english, capital letters, english alphabet, education video, children english learning, english capital letters, english alphabets, #learn_english #english_alphabet #english #bornomala
ENGLISH CAPITAL LETTERS :
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z .
ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা A to Z উচ্চারণ শিখি, english alphabets, english education, kids learning english, ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা, A to Z উচ্চারণ শিখি, english alphabets, english, education, kids learning english
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The term Ajami (Arabic:عجميʿaǧamī ), or Ajamiyya (Arabic:عجميةʿaǧamiyyah), which comes from the Arabic root for "foreign" or "stranger," has been applied to Arabic alphabets used for writing African languages, especially those of Hausa and Swahili, although many other African languages were written using the script. It is considered an Arabic derived African writing system. Since African languages involve phonetic sounds and systems different from the Arabic language, there have often been adaptations of the Arabic script to transcribe them—a process not unlike what has been done with the Arabic script in non-Arabic speaking countries of the Middle East, and with the Latin script in Africa or with the Vietnamese alphabet.
The West African Hausa is an example of a language written using Ajami, especially during the pre-colonial period when Qur'anic schools taught Muslim children Arabic, and by extension, Ajami. When Western colonizers adopted a Latin orthography for Hausa, Ajami went into decline, and today is employed less frequently than the Latin standard orthography. However, Hausa Ajami is still in widespread use, especially in Islamic circles.
He lamented that the recent poverty index released where Sokoto was rated higher on poverty did not reflect Qur’anic education as literacy and many citizens in Sokoto state can read Arabic alphabets popularly called Ajami system ... .