- published: 14 Feb 2020
- views: 178174
2009 flu pandemic
The 2009 flu pandemic or swine flu was an influenza pandemic, and the second of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the first of them being the 1918 flu pandemic), albeit in a new version. First described in April 2009, the virus appeared to be a new strain of H1N1 which resulted when a previous triple reassortment of bird, swine and human flu viruses further combined with a Eurasian pig flu virus, leading to the term "swine flu". Unlike most strains of influenza, H1N1 does not disproportionately infect adults older than 60 years; this was an unusual and characteristic feature of the H1N1 pandemic. Even in the case of previously very healthy people, a small percentage will develop pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This manifests itself as increased breathing difficulty and typically occurs 3–6 days after initial onset of flu symptoms. The pneumonia caused by flu can be either direct viral pneumonia or a secondary bacterial pneumonia. In fact, a November 2009 New England Journal of Medicine article recommends that flu patients whose chest X-ray indicates pneumonia receive both antivirals and antibiotics. In particular, it is a warning sign if a child (and presumably an adult) seems to be getting better and then relapses with high fever, as this relapse may be bacterial pneumonia.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/2009_flu_pandemic
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A look back at the H1N1 outbreak
The H1N1 outbreak that started in 2009 and wound down 10 months later was Singapore's last major infectious disease emergency. Subscribe to our channel here: https://cna.asia/youtubesub Subscribe to our news service on Telegram: https://cna.asia/telegram Follow us: CNA: https://cna.asia CNA Lifestyle: http://www.cnalifestyle.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/channelnewsasia Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/channelnewsasia Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/channelnewsasia
published: 14 Feb 2020 -
Swine Flu Outbreak: The Facts
Inside a village that may be ground zero for the swine flu in Mexico.
published: 29 Apr 2009 -
WHO declares H1N1 official flu pandemic - 11 Jun 09
Subscribe to our channel http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe The H1N1 flu virus has officially become the world's first flu pandemic in more than 40 years, but doctors say there is no need to panic. Officials stress that a pandemic refers to geographical reach, not severity. The World Health Organisation has raised the alert level from five to six after 30,000 cases have been diagnosed around the world. Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri reports on how the flu has spread.
published: 11 Jun 2009 -
U.S. H1N1 Death Toll
The CDC has released a report indicating that at least 4,000 people have died as a result of the H1N1 flu virus. CBS News chief medical correspondent Dr. Jon LaPook reports.
published: 13 Nov 2009 -
Swine Flu Declared a 'Pandemic'
The World Health Organization declared a swine flu pandemic Thursday, as infections in the United States, Europe, Australia, South America and elsewhere climbed to nearly 30,000 cases. (June 11)
published: 11 Jun 2009 -
Emergence of the 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza Pandemic | Big Think
Emergence of the 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza Pandemic New videos DAILY: https://bigth.ink/youtube Join Big Think Edge for exclusive videos: https://bigth.ink/Edge ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TRANSCRIPT: Paul Hoffman: Our next presenter is Michael Worobey. He’s an ecologist and an evolutionary biologist at the University of Arizona. He is part of a team of researchers that have a very important paper published just last month in “Nature,” about the evolution of the swine flu virus. And what he basically found was that it has circulated undetected in swine for perhaps up to a decade. Michael Worobey. Michael Worobey: Thanks, Paul. I’m going to talk about the emergence of the swine flu epidemic. But I thought first I put it in the b...
published: 24 Apr 2012 -
Swine Flu Declared a National Emergency
Health Secretary Kathleen Sebelius discusses the H1N1 vaccine shortage.
published: 26 Oct 2009 -
2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Is the pandemic all we thought it would be?
A year later, Dr. Shult looks at the trends and effects of the H1N1 influenza.
published: 19 Nov 2009 -
H1N1 Virus (2009): What is a Flu Pandemic? Learn The Facts
Learn the facts about swine influenza
published: 30 Apr 2009 -
Dr. Anthony Fauci: New virus in China has traits of 2009 swine flu and 1918 pandemic flu
White House coronavirus advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said Tuesday that U.S. health officials are keeping an eye on a new strain of flu carried by pigs in China that has characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 virus and 1918 pandemic flu. The virus, which scientists are calling "G4 EA H1N1," has not yet been shown to infect humans but it is exhibiting "reassortment capabilities," Fauci told the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee during a hearing. For access to live and exclusive video from CNBC subscribe to CNBC PRO: https://cnb.cx/2NGeIvi White House coronavirus advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said Tuesday that U.S. health officials are keeping an eye on a new strain of flu carried by pigs in China that has characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 virus and 1918 pandemic flu. The virus, whic...
published: 30 Jun 2020
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A look back at the H1N1 outbreak
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- Uploaded Date: 14 Feb 2020
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The H1N1 outbreak that started in 2009 and wound down 10 months later was Singapore's last major infectious disease emergency.
Subscribe to our channel here: h...
The H1N1 outbreak that started in 2009 and wound down 10 months later was Singapore's last major infectious disease emergency.
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https://wn.com/A_Look_Back_At_The_H1N1_Outbreak
The H1N1 outbreak that started in 2009 and wound down 10 months later was Singapore's last major infectious disease emergency.
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6:04
Swine Flu Outbreak: The Facts
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- Duration: 6:04
- Uploaded Date: 29 Apr 2009
- views: 33777
Inside a village that may be ground zero for the swine flu in Mexico.
Inside a village that may be ground zero for the swine flu in Mexico.
https://wn.com/Swine_Flu_Outbreak_The_Facts
Inside a village that may be ground zero for the swine flu in Mexico.
- published: 29 Apr 2009
- views: 33777
3:17
WHO declares H1N1 official flu pandemic - 11 Jun 09
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- Duration: 3:17
- Uploaded Date: 11 Jun 2009
- views: 59532
Subscribe to our channel http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe
The H1N1 flu virus has officially become the world's first flu pandemic in more than 40 years, but doctors ...
Subscribe to our channel http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe
The H1N1 flu virus has officially become the world's first flu pandemic in more than 40 years, but doctors say there is no need to panic. Officials stress that a pandemic refers to geographical reach, not severity.
The World Health Organisation has raised the alert level from five to six after 30,000 cases have been diagnosed around the world.
Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri reports on how the flu has spread.
https://wn.com/Who_Declares_H1N1_Official_Flu_Pandemic_11_Jun_09
Subscribe to our channel http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe
The H1N1 flu virus has officially become the world's first flu pandemic in more than 40 years, but doctors say there is no need to panic. Officials stress that a pandemic refers to geographical reach, not severity.
The World Health Organisation has raised the alert level from five to six after 30,000 cases have been diagnosed around the world.
Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri reports on how the flu has spread.
- published: 11 Jun 2009
- views: 59532
1:25
U.S. H1N1 Death Toll
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- Duration: 1:25
- Uploaded Date: 13 Nov 2009
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The CDC has released a report indicating that at least 4,000 people have died as a result of the H1N1 flu virus. CBS News chief medical correspondent Dr. Jon L...
The CDC has released a report indicating that at least 4,000 people have died as a result of the H1N1 flu virus. CBS News chief medical correspondent Dr. Jon LaPook reports.
https://wn.com/U.S._H1N1_Death_Toll
The CDC has released a report indicating that at least 4,000 people have died as a result of the H1N1 flu virus. CBS News chief medical correspondent Dr. Jon LaPook reports.
- published: 13 Nov 2009
- views: 58903
1:27
Swine Flu Declared a 'Pandemic'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Uploaded Date: 11 Jun 2009
- views: 26261
The World Health Organization declared a swine flu pandemic Thursday, as infections in the United States, Europe, Australia, South America and elsewhere climbed...
The World Health Organization declared a swine flu pandemic Thursday, as infections in the United States, Europe, Australia, South America and elsewhere climbed to nearly 30,000 cases. (June 11)
https://wn.com/Swine_Flu_Declared_A_'Pandemic'
The World Health Organization declared a swine flu pandemic Thursday, as infections in the United States, Europe, Australia, South America and elsewhere climbed to nearly 30,000 cases. (June 11)
- published: 11 Jun 2009
- views: 26261
9:24
Emergence of the 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza Pandemic | Big Think
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:24
- Uploaded Date: 24 Apr 2012
- views: 1209
Emergence of the 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza Pandemic
New videos DAILY: https://bigth.ink/youtube
Join Big Think Edge for exclusive videos: https://bigth.ink/Ed...
Emergence of the 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza Pandemic
New videos DAILY: https://bigth.ink/youtube
Join Big Think Edge for exclusive videos: https://bigth.ink/Edge
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TRANSCRIPT:
Paul Hoffman: Our next presenter is Michael Worobey. He’s an ecologist and an evolutionary biologist at the University of Arizona. He is part of a team of researchers that have a very important paper published just last month in “Nature,” about the evolution of the swine flu virus. And what he basically found was that it has circulated undetected in swine for perhaps up to a decade. Michael Worobey.
Michael Worobey: Thanks, Paul.
I’m going to talk about the emergence of the swine flu epidemic. But I thought first I put it in the bigger context of the emergence of influenza virus in general.
So here is the kind of tool that I used. It’s an evolutionary tree and all I want you to notice is for this H1 variant here, there is a nice human lineage, the Spanish flu is on that. There is a swine lineage, and there is a bird lineage. And these are the major players in the emergence of human influenza.
And most of the genes, as Peter [Palese] said, of this new variant come from pigs.
So here is a picture from the paper that we published. And just in case this doesn’t mean much to you, all these lines and dots, I want to take you through what we found here.
So coming from British Columbia, I’d like to use the saguaro as the teaching tool. I actually work in Arizona now, so it makes some sense.
With viruses, they evolve so quickly that you can actually see evolution happen, not just on the time frame of years, but in this instance, in the time frame of weeks. And this was a bit of surprise with just a few weeks of sequences that were produced as this pandemic was unfolding, we were able to calibrate the molecular clock.
So let me just use this analogy, if you want to find out how old your saguaro was, you might not be able to do it just by counting tree rings or something. But if you have a photo from 1999 of this cactus in your yard, and you were able to compare it to how much it has grown in the ten years since that time. You start to have a grasp on how quickly this thing grows. And you can make some estimates from the different branches of the percent of that centimeter per year of growth rate, and that can allow you to work back to when the thing originated.
So we do the same thing with viruses. If you have a small observation window like this, you can often make really robust differences about things much deeper in time. Okay now as an analogy, I just want to show you an evolution tree that you are more probably familiar with here. So we do the same sort of things for primates, and if you did an evolutionary tree of primates, you will have a human branch on the tree, or more closely related species, or chimpanzees and bonobos, and then you have the more distantly related species here.
And you can place the date on the most recent common ancestors of all humans and that might be around a hundred years ago. You could also ask, what’s the most recent common ancestor of humans? And whatever is most closely related to them, and that’s all the way back here, around 5 million years ago. So for this swine origin flu pandemic we did exactly the same thing.
So two questions: What is the timing on that ancestor of the virus once it jumped into humans? So when that jumped take place and if you go gene by gene and asked what’s the most closely related species for each gene? It’s actually a pig virus. So we also ask for each gene, when that broke off from the rest of the sample of pig viruses. Okay, so now we’re back to this, and what you see for each gene is the human sequences go less quite recently in time, but nowhere near the March and April [2009] timeline that this thing first emerged, to our knowledge. And for each of the genes, the most closely related sequences are from pigs. Now Peter [Palese] mentioned that some of them ultimately are of avian origin, and some are human origin. What you see when you go gene by gene is that, even for the ones that are ultimately an avian or human origin, they traveled through pigs. And in each case, we find that there’s been a timeline of about 10 years where this virus has been in pigs but has gone totally unnoticed--which says something about our surveillance.
And for the human outbreak, what you see is a timeline of about somewhere around October to December of last year [2008] that the virus was probably in humans. So it took several months to actually spread to the point where the tip of the iceberg became apparent to us.
Read the full transcript at https://bigthink.com/videos/emergence-of-the-2009-swine-origin-influenza-pandemic/
https://wn.com/Emergence_Of_The_2009_Swine_Origin_Influenza_Pandemic_|_Big_Think
Emergence of the 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza Pandemic
New videos DAILY: https://bigth.ink/youtube
Join Big Think Edge for exclusive videos: https://bigth.ink/Edge
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TRANSCRIPT:
Paul Hoffman: Our next presenter is Michael Worobey. He’s an ecologist and an evolutionary biologist at the University of Arizona. He is part of a team of researchers that have a very important paper published just last month in “Nature,” about the evolution of the swine flu virus. And what he basically found was that it has circulated undetected in swine for perhaps up to a decade. Michael Worobey.
Michael Worobey: Thanks, Paul.
I’m going to talk about the emergence of the swine flu epidemic. But I thought first I put it in the bigger context of the emergence of influenza virus in general.
So here is the kind of tool that I used. It’s an evolutionary tree and all I want you to notice is for this H1 variant here, there is a nice human lineage, the Spanish flu is on that. There is a swine lineage, and there is a bird lineage. And these are the major players in the emergence of human influenza.
And most of the genes, as Peter [Palese] said, of this new variant come from pigs.
So here is a picture from the paper that we published. And just in case this doesn’t mean much to you, all these lines and dots, I want to take you through what we found here.
So coming from British Columbia, I’d like to use the saguaro as the teaching tool. I actually work in Arizona now, so it makes some sense.
With viruses, they evolve so quickly that you can actually see evolution happen, not just on the time frame of years, but in this instance, in the time frame of weeks. And this was a bit of surprise with just a few weeks of sequences that were produced as this pandemic was unfolding, we were able to calibrate the molecular clock.
So let me just use this analogy, if you want to find out how old your saguaro was, you might not be able to do it just by counting tree rings or something. But if you have a photo from 1999 of this cactus in your yard, and you were able to compare it to how much it has grown in the ten years since that time. You start to have a grasp on how quickly this thing grows. And you can make some estimates from the different branches of the percent of that centimeter per year of growth rate, and that can allow you to work back to when the thing originated.
So we do the same thing with viruses. If you have a small observation window like this, you can often make really robust differences about things much deeper in time. Okay now as an analogy, I just want to show you an evolution tree that you are more probably familiar with here. So we do the same sort of things for primates, and if you did an evolutionary tree of primates, you will have a human branch on the tree, or more closely related species, or chimpanzees and bonobos, and then you have the more distantly related species here.
And you can place the date on the most recent common ancestors of all humans and that might be around a hundred years ago. You could also ask, what’s the most recent common ancestor of humans? And whatever is most closely related to them, and that’s all the way back here, around 5 million years ago. So for this swine origin flu pandemic we did exactly the same thing.
So two questions: What is the timing on that ancestor of the virus once it jumped into humans? So when that jumped take place and if you go gene by gene and asked what’s the most closely related species for each gene? It’s actually a pig virus. So we also ask for each gene, when that broke off from the rest of the sample of pig viruses. Okay, so now we’re back to this, and what you see for each gene is the human sequences go less quite recently in time, but nowhere near the March and April [2009] timeline that this thing first emerged, to our knowledge. And for each of the genes, the most closely related sequences are from pigs. Now Peter [Palese] mentioned that some of them ultimately are of avian origin, and some are human origin. What you see when you go gene by gene is that, even for the ones that are ultimately an avian or human origin, they traveled through pigs. And in each case, we find that there’s been a timeline of about 10 years where this virus has been in pigs but has gone totally unnoticed--which says something about our surveillance.
And for the human outbreak, what you see is a timeline of about somewhere around October to December of last year [2008] that the virus was probably in humans. So it took several months to actually spread to the point where the tip of the iceberg became apparent to us.
Read the full transcript at https://bigthink.com/videos/emergence-of-the-2009-swine-origin-influenza-pandemic/
- published: 24 Apr 2012
- views: 1209
5:52
Swine Flu Declared a National Emergency
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Uploaded Date: 26 Oct 2009
- views: 19919
Health Secretary Kathleen Sebelius discusses the H1N1 vaccine shortage.
Health Secretary Kathleen Sebelius discusses the H1N1 vaccine shortage.
https://wn.com/Swine_Flu_Declared_A_National_Emergency
Health Secretary Kathleen Sebelius discusses the H1N1 vaccine shortage.
- published: 26 Oct 2009
- views: 19919
58:00
2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Is the pandemic all we thought it would be?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:00
- Uploaded Date: 19 Nov 2009
- views: 9242
A year later, Dr. Shult looks at the trends and effects of the H1N1 influenza.
A year later, Dr. Shult looks at the trends and effects of the H1N1 influenza.
https://wn.com/2009_Influenza_A_(H1N1)_Is_The_Pandemic_All_We_Thought_It_Would_Be
A year later, Dr. Shult looks at the trends and effects of the H1N1 influenza.
- published: 19 Nov 2009
- views: 9242
1:18
H1N1 Virus (2009): What is a Flu Pandemic? Learn The Facts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Uploaded Date: 30 Apr 2009
- views: 10060
Learn the facts about swine influenza
Learn the facts about swine influenza
https://wn.com/H1N1_Virus_(2009)_What_Is_A_Flu_Pandemic_Learn_The_Facts
Learn the facts about swine influenza
- published: 30 Apr 2009
- views: 10060
1:37
Dr. Anthony Fauci: New virus in China has traits of 2009 swine flu and 1918 pandemic flu
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- Duration: 1:37
- Uploaded Date: 30 Jun 2020
- views: 154030
White House coronavirus advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said Tuesday that U.S. health officials are keeping an eye on a new strain of flu carried by pigs in China tha...
White House coronavirus advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said Tuesday that U.S. health officials are keeping an eye on a new strain of flu carried by pigs in China that has characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 virus and 1918 pandemic flu. The virus, which scientists are calling "G4 EA H1N1," has not yet been shown to infect humans but it is exhibiting "reassortment capabilities," Fauci told the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee during a hearing. For access to live and exclusive video from CNBC subscribe to CNBC PRO: https://cnb.cx/2NGeIvi
White House coronavirus advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said Tuesday that U.S. health officials are keeping an eye on a new strain of flu carried by pigs in China that has characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 virus and 1918 pandemic flu.
The virus, which scientists are calling “G4 EA H1N1,” has not yet been shown to infect humans but it is exhibiting “reassortment capabilities,” Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee during a hearing.
“In other words, when you get a brand new virus that turns out to be a pandemic virus it’s either due to mutations and/or the reassortment or exchanges of genes,” he told lawmakers. “And they’re seeing virus in swine, in pigs now, that have characteristics of the 2009 H1N1, of the original 1918, which many of our flu viruses have remnants of that in it, as well as segments from other hosts, like swine.”
The H1N1 swine flu and 1918 pandemic flu were both considered horrific viruses that spread across the globe.
The H1N1 swine flu emerged in Mexico in April 2009, infecting 60.8 million people in the United States alone and at least 700 million worldwide. An estimated 151,700 to 575,400 people died from the virus across the globe, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is now seen as one of a variety of seasonal flu viruses.
The 1918 flu, which Fauci has often compared to Covid-19, is estimated to have killed between 30 million and 50 million people, according to the CDC. More than 20 million people died in World War I, by comparison.
The new strain that is spreading in pig farms in China has been identified as having “all the essential hallmarks of a candidate pandemic virus,” scientists say.
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https://wn.com/Dr._Anthony_Fauci_New_Virus_In_China_Has_Traits_Of_2009_Swine_Flu_And_1918_Pandemic_Flu
White House coronavirus advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said Tuesday that U.S. health officials are keeping an eye on a new strain of flu carried by pigs in China that has characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 virus and 1918 pandemic flu. The virus, which scientists are calling "G4 EA H1N1," has not yet been shown to infect humans but it is exhibiting "reassortment capabilities," Fauci told the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee during a hearing. For access to live and exclusive video from CNBC subscribe to CNBC PRO: https://cnb.cx/2NGeIvi
White House coronavirus advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said Tuesday that U.S. health officials are keeping an eye on a new strain of flu carried by pigs in China that has characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 virus and 1918 pandemic flu.
The virus, which scientists are calling “G4 EA H1N1,” has not yet been shown to infect humans but it is exhibiting “reassortment capabilities,” Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee during a hearing.
“In other words, when you get a brand new virus that turns out to be a pandemic virus it’s either due to mutations and/or the reassortment or exchanges of genes,” he told lawmakers. “And they’re seeing virus in swine, in pigs now, that have characteristics of the 2009 H1N1, of the original 1918, which many of our flu viruses have remnants of that in it, as well as segments from other hosts, like swine.”
The H1N1 swine flu and 1918 pandemic flu were both considered horrific viruses that spread across the globe.
The H1N1 swine flu emerged in Mexico in April 2009, infecting 60.8 million people in the United States alone and at least 700 million worldwide. An estimated 151,700 to 575,400 people died from the virus across the globe, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is now seen as one of a variety of seasonal flu viruses.
The 1918 flu, which Fauci has often compared to Covid-19, is estimated to have killed between 30 million and 50 million people, according to the CDC. More than 20 million people died in World War I, by comparison.
The new strain that is spreading in pig farms in China has been identified as having “all the essential hallmarks of a candidate pandemic virus,” scientists say.
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- published: 30 Jun 2020
- views: 154030
2:49
A look back at the H1N1 outbreak
The H1N1 outbreak that started in 2009 and wound down 10 months later was Singapore's last...
published: 14 Feb 2020
A look back at the H1N1 outbreak
A look back at the H1N1 outbreak
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The H1N1 outbreak that started in 2009 and wound down 10 months later was Singapore's last major infectious disease emergency.
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6:04
Swine Flu Outbreak: The Facts
Inside a village that may be ground zero for the swine flu in Mexico.
published: 29 Apr 2009
Swine Flu Outbreak: The Facts
Swine Flu Outbreak: The Facts
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- published: 29 Apr 2009
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Inside a village that may be ground zero for the swine flu in Mexico.
3:17
WHO declares H1N1 official flu pandemic - 11 Jun 09
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The H1N1 flu virus has officially bec...
published: 11 Jun 2009
WHO declares H1N1 official flu pandemic - 11 Jun 09
WHO declares H1N1 official flu pandemic - 11 Jun 09
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The H1N1 flu virus has officially become the world's first flu pandemic in more than 40 years, but doctors say there is no need to panic. Officials stress that a pandemic refers to geographical reach, not severity.
The World Health Organisation has raised the alert level from five to six after 30,000 cases have been diagnosed around the world.
Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri reports on how the flu has spread.
1:25
U.S. H1N1 Death Toll
The CDC has released a report indicating that at least 4,000 people have died as a result ...
published: 13 Nov 2009
U.S. H1N1 Death Toll
U.S. H1N1 Death Toll
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- published: 13 Nov 2009
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The CDC has released a report indicating that at least 4,000 people have died as a result of the H1N1 flu virus. CBS News chief medical correspondent Dr. Jon LaPook reports.
1:27
Swine Flu Declared a 'Pandemic'
The World Health Organization declared a swine flu pandemic Thursday, as infections in the...
published: 11 Jun 2009
Swine Flu Declared a 'Pandemic'
Swine Flu Declared a 'Pandemic'
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- published: 11 Jun 2009
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The World Health Organization declared a swine flu pandemic Thursday, as infections in the United States, Europe, Australia, South America and elsewhere climbed to nearly 30,000 cases. (June 11)
9:24
Emergence of the 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza Pandemic | Big Think
Emergence of the 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza Pandemic
New videos DAILY: https://bigth.ink/...
published: 24 Apr 2012
Emergence of the 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza Pandemic | Big Think
Emergence of the 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza Pandemic | Big Think
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Emergence of the 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza Pandemic
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TRANSCRIPT:
Paul Hoffman: Our next presenter is Michael Worobey. He’s an ecologist and an evolutionary biologist at the University of Arizona. He is part of a team of researchers that have a very important paper published just last month in “Nature,” about the evolution of the swine flu virus. And what he basically found was that it has circulated undetected in swine for perhaps up to a decade. Michael Worobey.
Michael Worobey: Thanks, Paul.
I’m going to talk about the emergence of the swine flu epidemic. But I thought first I put it in the bigger context of the emergence of influenza virus in general.
So here is the kind of tool that I used. It’s an evolutionary tree and all I want you to notice is for this H1 variant here, there is a nice human lineage, the Spanish flu is on that. There is a swine lineage, and there is a bird lineage. And these are the major players in the emergence of human influenza.
And most of the genes, as Peter [Palese] said, of this new variant come from pigs.
So here is a picture from the paper that we published. And just in case this doesn’t mean much to you, all these lines and dots, I want to take you through what we found here.
So coming from British Columbia, I’d like to use the saguaro as the teaching tool. I actually work in Arizona now, so it makes some sense.
With viruses, they evolve so quickly that you can actually see evolution happen, not just on the time frame of years, but in this instance, in the time frame of weeks. And this was a bit of surprise with just a few weeks of sequences that were produced as this pandemic was unfolding, we were able to calibrate the molecular clock.
So let me just use this analogy, if you want to find out how old your saguaro was, you might not be able to do it just by counting tree rings or something. But if you have a photo from 1999 of this cactus in your yard, and you were able to compare it to how much it has grown in the ten years since that time. You start to have a grasp on how quickly this thing grows. And you can make some estimates from the different branches of the percent of that centimeter per year of growth rate, and that can allow you to work back to when the thing originated.
So we do the same thing with viruses. If you have a small observation window like this, you can often make really robust differences about things much deeper in time. Okay now as an analogy, I just want to show you an evolution tree that you are more probably familiar with here. So we do the same sort of things for primates, and if you did an evolutionary tree of primates, you will have a human branch on the tree, or more closely related species, or chimpanzees and bonobos, and then you have the more distantly related species here.
And you can place the date on the most recent common ancestors of all humans and that might be around a hundred years ago. You could also ask, what’s the most recent common ancestor of humans? And whatever is most closely related to them, and that’s all the way back here, around 5 million years ago. So for this swine origin flu pandemic we did exactly the same thing.
So two questions: What is the timing on that ancestor of the virus once it jumped into humans? So when that jumped take place and if you go gene by gene and asked what’s the most closely related species for each gene? It’s actually a pig virus. So we also ask for each gene, when that broke off from the rest of the sample of pig viruses. Okay, so now we’re back to this, and what you see for each gene is the human sequences go less quite recently in time, but nowhere near the March and April [2009] timeline that this thing first emerged, to our knowledge. And for each of the genes, the most closely related sequences are from pigs. Now Peter [Palese] mentioned that some of them ultimately are of avian origin, and some are human origin. What you see when you go gene by gene is that, even for the ones that are ultimately an avian or human origin, they traveled through pigs. And in each case, we find that there’s been a timeline of about 10 years where this virus has been in pigs but has gone totally unnoticed--which says something about our surveillance.
And for the human outbreak, what you see is a timeline of about somewhere around October to December of last year [2008] that the virus was probably in humans. So it took several months to actually spread to the point where the tip of the iceberg became apparent to us.
Read the full transcript at https://bigthink.com/videos/emergence-of-the-2009-swine-origin-influenza-pandemic/
5:52
Swine Flu Declared a National Emergency
Health Secretary Kathleen Sebelius discusses the H1N1 vaccine shortage.
published: 26 Oct 2009
Swine Flu Declared a National Emergency
Swine Flu Declared a National Emergency
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- published: 26 Oct 2009
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Health Secretary Kathleen Sebelius discusses the H1N1 vaccine shortage.
58:00
2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Is the pandemic all we thought it would be?
A year later, Dr. Shult looks at the trends and effects of the H1N1 influenza.
published: 19 Nov 2009
2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Is the pandemic all we thought it would be?
2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Is the pandemic all we thought it would be?
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- published: 19 Nov 2009
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A year later, Dr. Shult looks at the trends and effects of the H1N1 influenza.
1:18
H1N1 Virus (2009): What is a Flu Pandemic? Learn The Facts
Learn the facts about swine influenza
published: 30 Apr 2009
H1N1 Virus (2009): What is a Flu Pandemic? Learn The Facts
H1N1 Virus (2009): What is a Flu Pandemic? Learn The Facts
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Learn the facts about swine influenza
1:37
Dr. Anthony Fauci: New virus in China has traits of 2009 swine flu and 1918 pandemic flu
White House coronavirus advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said Tuesday that U.S. health officials ...
published: 30 Jun 2020
Dr. Anthony Fauci: New virus in China has traits of 2009 swine flu and 1918 pandemic flu
Dr. Anthony Fauci: New virus in China has traits of 2009 swine flu and 1918 pandemic flu
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White House coronavirus advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said Tuesday that U.S. health officials are keeping an eye on a new strain of flu carried by pigs in China that has characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 virus and 1918 pandemic flu. The virus, which scientists are calling "G4 EA H1N1," has not yet been shown to infect humans but it is exhibiting "reassortment capabilities," Fauci told the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee during a hearing. For access to live and exclusive video from CNBC subscribe to CNBC PRO: https://cnb.cx/2NGeIvi
White House coronavirus advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said Tuesday that U.S. health officials are keeping an eye on a new strain of flu carried by pigs in China that has characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 virus and 1918 pandemic flu.
The virus, which scientists are calling “G4 EA H1N1,” has not yet been shown to infect humans but it is exhibiting “reassortment capabilities,” Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee during a hearing.
“In other words, when you get a brand new virus that turns out to be a pandemic virus it’s either due to mutations and/or the reassortment or exchanges of genes,” he told lawmakers. “And they’re seeing virus in swine, in pigs now, that have characteristics of the 2009 H1N1, of the original 1918, which many of our flu viruses have remnants of that in it, as well as segments from other hosts, like swine.”
The H1N1 swine flu and 1918 pandemic flu were both considered horrific viruses that spread across the globe.
The H1N1 swine flu emerged in Mexico in April 2009, infecting 60.8 million people in the United States alone and at least 700 million worldwide. An estimated 151,700 to 575,400 people died from the virus across the globe, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is now seen as one of a variety of seasonal flu viruses.
The 1918 flu, which Fauci has often compared to Covid-19, is estimated to have killed between 30 million and 50 million people, according to the CDC. More than 20 million people died in World War I, by comparison.
The new strain that is spreading in pig farms in China has been identified as having “all the essential hallmarks of a candidate pandemic virus,” scientists say.
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2009 flu pandemic
The 2009 flu pandemic or swine flu was an influenza pandemic, and the second of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the first of them being the 1918 flu pandemic), albeit in a new version. First described in April 2009, the virus appeared to be a new strain of H1N1 which resulted when a previous triple reassortment of bird, swine and human flu viruses further combined with a Eurasian pig flu virus, leading to the term "swine flu". Unlike most strains of influenza, H1N1 does not disproportionately infect adults older than 60 years; this was an unusual and characteristic feature of the H1N1 pandemic. Even in the case of previously very healthy people, a small percentage will develop pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This manifests itself as increased breathing difficulty and typically occurs 3–6 days after initial onset of flu symptoms. The pneumonia caused by flu can be either direct viral pneumonia or a secondary bacterial pneumonia. In fact, a November 2009 New England Journal of Medicine article recommends that flu patients whose chest X-ray indicates pneumonia receive both antivirals and antibiotics. In particular, it is a warning sign if a child (and presumably an adult) seems to be getting better and then relapses with high fever, as this relapse may be bacterial pneumonia.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/2009_flu_pandemic
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Dr. Anthony Fauci: New virus in China has traits o...
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7 Days
by: NinaOn my way to see my friends
Who lived a couple blocks away from me (owh)
As I walked through the subway
It must have been about quarter past three
In front of me
Stood a beautiful honey with a beautiful body
She asked me for the time
I said it?d cost her her name
A six digit number & a date with me tomorrow at nine
Did she decline? no
Didn?t she mind? I don?t think so
Was it for real? damn sure
What was the deal? a pretty girl aged 24
So was she keen? she couldn?t wait
Cinnamon queen? let me update
What did she say? she said she?d love to
Rendezvous
She asked me what we were gonna do
Said we?d start with a bottle of moet for two
Chorus
Monday
Took her for a drink on tuesday
We were making love by wednesday
And on thursday & friday & saturday we chilled on sunday
I met this girl on monday
Took her for a drink on tuesday
We were making love by wednesday
And on thursday & friday & saturday we chilled on sunday
Verse 2
Nine was the time
Cos I?ll be getting mine
And she was looking fine
Smooth talker
She told me
She?d love to unfold me all night long
Ooh I loved the way she kicked it
From the front to back she flipped (back she flipped it, ooh the
Way she
Kicked it)
And I oh oh I yeah
Hope that she?d care
Cos I?m a man who?ll always be there
Ooh yeah
I?m not a man to play around baby
Ooh yeah
Cos a one night stand isn?t really fair
From the first impression girl hmm you don?t seem to be like that
Cos there?s no need to chat for there?ll be plenty for that
From the subway to my home
Endless ringing of my phone
When you feeling all alone
All you gotta do
Is just call me call me
Chorus
Monday
Took her for a drink on tuesday
We were making love by wednesday
And on thursday & friday & saturday we chilled on sunday
I met this girl on monday
Took her for a drink on tuesday
We were making love by wednesday
And on thursday & friday & saturday we chilled on sunday
Bridge
(break it down, uh break it down)
Since I met this special lady
Ooh yeah
I can?t get her of my mind
She?s one of a kind
And I ain?t about to deny it
It?s a special kind thing
With you-oh.......
Chorus
Monday
Took her for a drink on tuesday
We were making love by wednesday
And on thursday & friday & saturday we chilled on sunday
I met this girl on monday
Took her for a drink on tuesday
We were making love by wednesday
And on thursday & friday & saturday we chilled on sunday
Latest News for: 2009 h1n1
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First US human death from bird flu is more serious than you may think
One analysis of public sentiment in the wake of the 2009 H1N1 (swine flu) outbreak showed that people were becoming increasingly critical of institutions such as the World Health Organization and wary ...
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No cases of HMPV in Jamaica
Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic strain 2009 is the predominant strain (256 cases in 2024) in circulation in Jamaica, followed by Influenza A (H3N2) (62 cases in 2024) and a few cases of Influenza B (5 cases in 2024) ... .
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After covid, Is world ready for the next pandemic?
GENEVA, Switzerland — An awkward question remains five years after Covid-19 began its deadly rampage. Is the world ready to handle the next pandemic? ... "There's a lot that has improved because of the 2009 (H1N1) flu pandemic but also because of Covid.
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The Worldwide Corona Crisis. Global Coup d’État Against Humanity. Michel Chossudovsky
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Why the United States Should Leave the World Health Organization
Before the current COVID-19 pandemic, there was the H1N1 swine flu scare in 2009 that came and went as a church mouse ... Moreover, the British Medical Journal that the WHO failed to report conflicts of interest in its H1N1 advisory group.
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The Case for Finding Common Ground With RFK
There was a really great piece written in 2009 by Danielle Ofri, who’s a doctor at Bellevue, here in New York. And 2009 was when the H1N1 swine flu outbreak happened.
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H1N1, COVID and Ebola: Retiring Summit health commissioner reflects on health crises
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Why scientists say we are fighting H5N1 bird flu with one hand tied behind our backs
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Trump’s first term brought world-changing vaccine. His second could bring retreat
There's Robert F ... 30 ... Richard Besser, who served as acting CDC director during the initial response to the 2009 H1N1 'swine flu' pandemic and is now president and chief executive of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ... Dr.
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Can the next pandemic come from unpasteurized cow’s milk?
In modern times, the last influenza outbreak was the 2009 A(H1N1) swine flu pandemic which fortunately was a lot less deadly because of modern treatment and the quick deployment of effective vaccines.
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