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This is the Record of John

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"This is the Record of John"
Verse anthem by Orlando Gibbons
Portrait of Orlando Gibbons
PeriodTudor
GenreAnglican church music
FormMotet
Written1600s: England
TextJohn 1:19–23
LanguageEarly Modern English
Based onGospel of John

"This is the Record of John" is a verse anthem written by the English composer Orlando Gibbons (1583–1625). It is based on a text from the Gospel of John in the Geneva Bible and is a characteristic Anglican-style composition of its time. "John" (whose record is being told) refers to John the Baptist.

Structure and scoring

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The piece is divided into three sections, each beginning with a verse for solo contratenor (more like a modern tenor, but often now sung by a countertenor[1]) followed by a full section (consort of voices), echoing words of the verse.

The singers are often accompanied by an organ, as in David Hill´s recording with the Winchester Cathedral Choir. However, as well as a 17th-century organ part there are viol parts, so accompaniment by a viol consort is another possibility. It is debatable how frequently viols would have been used in Jacobean services,[2] but some recordings take the option of performing This is the Record of John as a "consort anthem".[3]

History

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This 'verse-anthem' was written at the request of William Laud, who was president of St John's College, Oxford, from 1611 to 1621; the St John to whom college is dedicated is John the Baptist. It was written for the college chapel, and presumably received its first performance there.[4] The text forms one of the readings for Advent.

The chapel of St John's College

According to Morris,[5] the earliest known extant manuscripts of the anthem date from the 1630s, a decade after Gibbons' death. They are located at major English cathedrals and chapels, as far from Oxford as Durham, suggesting that the anthem enjoyed wide use when first written. It is included in a number of modern publications, including The Oxford Book of Tudor Anthems (OUP, 1978).[5]

Sources

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The text comes from John 1:19–23. It concerns the prophecy of John the Baptist foretelling the coming of Jesus.

Gibbons uses the text of the Geneva Bible; it is very similar to that found in the Authorized Version, which was published about the time the anthem was composed. To give an example of a difference, AV has "one crying" in the third stanza, where the Geneva Bible (and Gibbons) have "him that crieth".

Most recordings use Received Pronunciation. An exception is Red Byrd's version which uses a regional accent on the basis that Gibbons' singers would not have used Received Pronunciation.

Verses

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  1. This is the record of John,
    when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him,
    Who art thou?
    And he confessed and denied not, and said plainly,
    I am not the Christ.
    Chorus
  2. And they asked him, What art thou then? Art thou Elias?
    And he said, I am not.
    Art thou the prophet?
    And he answered, No.
    Chorus
  3. Then said they unto him,
    What art thou? that we may give an answer unto them that sent us.
    What sayest thou of thyself?
    And he said, I am the voice of him that crieth in the wilderness,
    Make straight the way of the Lord.
    Chorus
— John 1:19–23

Discography

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References

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  1. ^ Gramophone´s obituarist thought that the countertenor John Whitworth had a voice well-suited to the music. (Examples of a tenor singing it are to be found on the Red Byrd and Signum recordings). Smith (2013). "Obituary: John Whitworth, countertenor". Gramophone. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  2. ^ Morehen (1978). "The English Consort and Verse Anthems". Early Music. 6 (3): 381–385. doi:10.1093/earlyj/6.3.381. JSTOR 3125808. (subscription required)
  3. ^ For example, in the 1980s Martin Neary recorded the anthem with Winchester Cathedral Choir and the viols of the Consort of Musicke, more recently the Orlando Gibbons Project has recorded verse anthems with Fretwork and His Majestys Sagbutts and Cornetts ("Critics Choice - Gibbons 'In Chains of Gold: The English Pre-Restoration Verse Anthem, Vol 1'". Gramophone. 2017.)
  4. ^ "History". St John's College Oxford. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  5. ^ a b Morris, Christopher (1978). The Oxford book of Tudor anthems: 34 Anthems for Mixed Voices. Oxford: Music Department, Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0193533257. This publication uses a broad definition of Tudor and includes music from the reign of James I.
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