Meeting at Hendaye
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| Meeting at Hendaye | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Hitler and Franco at Hendaye station | |
| Host country |  Vichy France |
| Date | 23 October 1940 |
| Venue(s) | Hendaye station |
| Cities | Hendaye |
| Participants | |
The Meeting of Hendaye, or Interview of Hendaye, took place between Francisco Franco and Adolf Hitler (then respectively Caudillo of Spain and Führer of Germany)[1] on 23 October 1940 at the railway station in Hendaye, France, near the Spanish–French border. The meeting was also attended by the respective foreign ministers, Ramón Serrano Suñer of Francoist Spain and Joachim von Ribbentrop of Nazi Germany.
The object of the meeting was to attempt to resolve disagreements over the conditions for Spain to join the Axis Powers in their war against the British Empire. However, after seven hours of talks, the Spanish demands still appeared extortionate to Hitler: the handing over of Gibraltar once the British were defeated; the cession of French Morocco and part of French Algeria; the attachment of French Cameroon to the Spanish colony of Guinea; and German supplies of food, petrol and arms to relieve the critical economic and military situation faced by Spain after the Spanish Civil War. Hitler did not wish to disturb his relations with the Vichy French regime.
The only concrete result was the signing of a secret agreement under which Franco was committed to entering the war at a date of his own choosing, and Hitler gave only vague guarantees that Spain would receive "territories in Africa". A few days later in Germany, Hitler famously told Benito Mussolini, "I prefer to have three or four of my own teeth pulled out than to speak to that man again!" It is subject to historical debate whether Franco overplayed his hand by demanding too much from Hitler for Spanish entry into the war, or if he deliberately demanded too much to avoid joining the war.[2]
Francoist Spain maintained close political and economic ties to Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy throughout the period of the Holocaust.[3] Francisco Franco had taken power in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) with military aid from Germany and Italy.[4] He was personally sympathetic to aspects of Nazi ideology including anti-communism and anti-Semitism.[5]
See also
[edit]- Germany–Spain relations
- France–Spain relations
- Spain during World War II
- Spanish occupation of the Tangier International Zone (14 June 1940)
- Military history of Gibraltar during World War II
- Operation Felix
- Visit of Heinrich Himmler to Spain in 1940
References
[edit]- ^ "Hitler and Franco at Hendaye, the Whole Story"". Actually Notes. 8 December 2016. Archived from the original on 1 February 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
- ^ Eder, Richard. "Germany's ambivalent ally". Boston.com.
- ^ Preston Paul (2020), A People Betrayed: A History of Corruption and Social Division in Modern Spain, New York, Liveright Publishing Corporation. P.341
- ^ Thomas Hughes (1986), The Spanosh Civil War (3rd Ed.) Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-014278-0
- ^ Paul Preston (2023), Architects of Terror, Paranoia, Conspiracy, and Anti-Semitism in Franco's Spain, HarperCollins
Further reading
[edit]- Paul Preston, Franco: a biography, Basic Books, 1994. ISBN 978-0465025152.
- Jane Boyar and Burt Boyar, Hitler stopped by Franco, Marbella House, 2001 (review in Conservative Monitor, August 2001). ISBN 978-0971039209.
- Stanley G. Payne, Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany, and World War II, Yale University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0300122824.