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Jongno District

Coordinates: 37°35′58″N 126°58′29″E / 37.59944°N 126.97472°E / 37.59944; 126.97472
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Jongno
종로구
Autonomous district
종로구 · 鐘路區
View of Gyeongbokgung and the mountain Bugaksan
View of Gyeongbokgung and the mountain Bugaksan
Flag of Jongno
Flag
Official seal of Jongno
Seal
Location of Jongno District in Seoul
Location of Jongno District in Seoul
Coordinates: 37°35′58″N 126°58′29″E / 37.59944°N 126.97472°E / 37.59944; 126.97472
CountrySouth Korea
RegionSudogwon
Special CitySeoul
Administrative dong19
Government
 • BodyJongno-gu Council
 • MayorChung Moon-heon (People Power)
 • MNAChoi Jae-hyung (People Power)
Area
 • Total
23.92 km2 (9.24 sq mi)
Population
 (September 2024[1])
 • Total
138,879
 • Density5,800/km2 (15,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Korea Standard Time)
Postal code
03000~03299
Area code02-300,700
WebsiteJongno District official website
Map
Bosingak bell pavilion

Jongno District (Korean: 종로구; RR: Jongno-gu) is a district (gu) in Seoul, South Korea. It is the historic center of Seoul that contains Gyeongbokgung, the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty, and the Blue House, the former presidential residence.

Etymology

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In Korean, the name 'Jongno' means Bell Street.[2] The Jongno District is named after the Jongno Road, which is a major trunk road running through the center of the district. The bell in question refers to Bosingak belfry, which sits at Jonggak intersection, on Jongno Road.[3]

Description

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Gwanghwamun Plaza

Jongno has been the center of the city for 600 years since it was where the Joseon dynasty established its capital. The district is commonly referred to as the face and heart of Korea because of its important roles in politics, economics, culture, and history as the capital city.[4] The district is home to palaces in which the kings used to reside and work, such as Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, and Unhyeongung. The South Korean president's former residence, the Blue House, is also located in the Jongno District.[4]

Jongno is a popular tourist destination with attractions that include the restored Cheonggyecheon stream, the traditional neighborhood of Insa-dong, the Confucian Jongmyo shrine, and Jogyesa, the chief temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. The district is also home to the Gwanghwamun Plaza which includes the statue of Admiral Yi Sun-sin and a statue of King Sejong.[5][6][7] The district has a number of museums including Art Center Nabi and Gahoe Museum and is home to the main campuses of Sungkyunkwan University and Baewha Women's University.

History

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Hanyang

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Donggwoldo, the landscape painting depicting the two royal palaces in Jongno.

Jongno was historically the center of Joseon and, later, the Korean Empire. It retained its prominence in the modern era after the establishment of South Korea. Hanyang, the capital of Joseon, included Jongno and the Jung District. In October 1394, King Taejo moved his capital from Gaegyeong to Hanyang.[8] The capital of Goryeo, Gaegyeong, had a strong base of traditional forces against King Taejo. In addition, the topography divination theory states that the new dynasty was unlucky due to its failure, and that it also moved to Hanyang with regard to water transport of rice and military geographical conditions. Following the relocation of the capital city, the Joseon government pushed for the construction of Hanyang, starting with the construction of Jongmyo, Gyeongbok Palace, and Changdeok Palace. In 1395, it was renamed as Hanyang Department. In 1399, the first year of King Jeongjong's reign, the capital was moved to Gagyeong as a result of the Prince's rebellion. In 1405, the fifth year of King Taejong's reign, the capital was changed back to Hanyang. By King Sejong's time, the city grew into a large city with about 200,000 people.

Economy

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Jongno business district

As the traditional heart of Seoul, Jongno's central location continues to attract both local and foreign businesses and remains an important business district. Notable companies based in Jongno include Kumho Asiana Group, Kyobo Life, Lotte Group, SK Group, Hyundai Engineering & Construction, Daewoo E&C, Daelim Group, and East Asia Daily. The district also features numerous major business centers and office buildings as well as diplomatic missions.

The headquarters of South Korean skincare retailer, The Face Shop, is located in the LG Gwanghwamun Building on Sinmunno 2-ga.[9]

The head office of Air Seoul is in the Kumho Asiana Main Tower on Sinmunno 1-ga.[10]

Culture and tourism

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Tourism plays a major role in Jongno's economy. Several of the most well-known attractions are located in the district, as is Gwanghwamun Plaza which attracts huge numbers of tourists every year given its central location. In addition, the tourist areas of Insa-Dong and Bukchon Hanok Village also attract huge numbers of visitors. Another popular tourist destination is Gwangjang Market, previously called Dongdaemun Market. It is one of the oldest traditional markets in the country and is visited by approximately 65,000 each day.[11][12]

Politics and government

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Central Government Complex main building.

Jongno is considered the most important district in South Korean politics as it is located in the heart of Seoul, and thus in the heart of South Korea.[13][14] The district was the home to the Blue House (Cheongwadae), the official residence of the president of South Korea, until 2022. It is also home to two of the three largest plazas in Seoul, the first being Gwanghwamun Plaza and the other being Cheonggye Plaza, making the district the first constituency to appear in the National Election Commission's election statistics and exit polls for every nationwide election. Because of the district's political significance, every political party carefully selects its own candidate to run in every election and even most minor parties nominate their candidates to run in the district while they choose not to nominate candidates for other constituencies in Seoul.

Jongno has elected three presidents to represent it in the National Assembly: Yun Posun, Roh Moo-hyun and Lee Myung-bak. Although Jongno is a district, its residents are entitled to elect their own mayor and form their own district council, as 25 districts in Seoul——including Jongno——have city-equivalent status. The City of Seoul has province-equivalent status and its mayor is regarded as a cabinet-minister-level position. The mayorship is regarded as a higher position than all other provincial governors as these positions are regarded as deputy minister level positions.[15]

The district has been traditionally regarded as a conservative stronghold in Seoul as Seoul natives and wealthy people used to form a majority in terms of resident numbers in towns such as Pyeongchang, Samcheong-dong, Sajik-dong, Jongro 1, and Jongro 4. However, as Democrats began to gradually gain power in the Sudogwon region in the 2010s and eventually made the region their stronghold, the party also gained power in the district due to the votes of Sungkyunkwan University students in Hyehwa-dong and residents of relatively lower income in towns such as Changsin-dong and Sungin-dong.

As of June 2020, the district was regarded as Democratic stronghold, as are many other constituencies in Seoul.[16] The district was represented by Lee Nak-yon, a Democrat, former Prime Minister and leader of his party, who resigned his office to run for the Korean presidency; the city government was led by Kim Yeong-jong, a Democrat three-term mayor who served from July 2010 to November 2021.

The conservative People Power Party made a comeback in the district when Choi Jae-hyung was elected as National Assembly member for Jongno in the March 2022 by-elections. In the subsequent local elections in June, Chung Moon-heon, a member of the same party, was elected mayor.

Cheongwadae

The headquarters of the Ministry of Security and Public Administration is located in the Seoul Government Complex in Jongno District.[17] The third and fourth floors of the same building house the Ministry of Unification.[18]

The headquarters of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is located in the MOFA Building in Jongno District.[19]

Previously, the Ministry of Education had its headquarters in the Central Government Complex in Jongno District.[20] The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism also had its headquarters in Jongno District.[21] The Ministry of Health and Welfare had its headquarters in the Hyundai Building.[22] The offices of those ministries have moved to Sejong City. Before it merged into another ministry in 2008, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries was also located in Jongro-gu.[23] It was re-established in Sejong City.

Diplomatic missions

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Being at the center of the city, the district hosts the following foreign embassies.[24]

District Council

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The District Council serves administrative functions such as Foreign Seal Registration, International Marriage, Adoption, Acknowledgement reports and Alien Registration Certificates for foreigners residing in Jongno District. In 2022, the current mayor is Chung Moon Hun [ko].[25]

Subdivisions

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Administrative divisions

Those are some of the district administrative dongs (행정동). For a complete list, see here.[26]

Attractions

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Attractions in Jongno District

Education

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Sister cities

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See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jongno-gu.

References

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  1. ^ "Population statistics". Korea Ministry of the Interior and Safety. 2024.
  2. ^ "Welcome To Jongno". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  3. ^ "Bosingak Belfry (보신각터)". VisitKorea.or.kr. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  4. ^ a b "About Jongno-gu". Jongno-gu Official website. Archived from the original on 5 August 2004. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
  5. ^ "Popular plaza". Korea JoongAng Daily. 3 August 2009. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. ^ Hoh, Kui-Seek (3 August 2009). "The road less travelled, by cars". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  7. ^ "Gwanghwamun Plaza: Let's Try to Turn New Place Into National Symbol". The Korea Times. 2 August 2009. Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  8. ^ 우리역사넷. contents.history.go.kr. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  9. ^ "Company location". The Face Shop official website. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  10. ^ Home. Air Seoul. Retrieved on 1 November 2016. "Kumho Asiana Main Tower,76, SaemunanRo Jongro Gu Seoul" – Korean address: "(우)03185 서울특별시 종로구 새문안로 76 금호아시아나 본관"
  11. ^ Yun Suh-young (14 February 2013). "Gwangjang Market: Seoul's quirky foodie paradise". The Korea Times. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  12. ^ Choi, Won-hyeong (21 July 2012). "Taste of Humanism in the 107-Year-Old Memories of Gwangjang Market". Korea Focus. The Hankyoreh. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  13. ^ "Welcome To Jongno". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  14. ^ "[Newsmaker] Jongno race bellwether of presidential election". The Korea Herald. 9 February 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  15. ^ "Seoul mayor Park Won-soon shakes up S Korean politics". BBC News. 15 November 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  16. ^ "(3rd LD) Ex-PM Lee wins against main rival Hwang in Seoul's Jongno". Yonhap News Agency. 16 April 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  17. ^ "Location." (Archive) Ministry of Security and Public Administration. Retrieved on 1 January 2013. "209 Sejong-daero(Sejong-ro), Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"
  18. ^ "Location & Contact Info." (Archive) Ministry of Unification. Retrieved on 1 January 2013. "Ministry of Unification Address: Government Complex – Seoul, 209 Sejong-daero(Sejong-ro). Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea"
  19. ^ "Location." (Archive) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea). Retrieved on 1 January 2014. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 60, Sajik-ro 8-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea (110–787)"
  20. ^ "Contact Info Archived 2014-01-01 at archive.today." (Archive) The Globe Program. Retrieved on 1 January 2013. "Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development Central Government Complex, 77-6 Sejong-no, Jongno-gu Seoul, 110–760 South Korea"
  21. ^ "Location." (Archive) Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. 23 April 2012. Retrieved on 1 January 2014. "Address: 215 Changgyeonggung-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110–360 Korea"
  22. ^ "Location." (Archive) Ministry of Health and Welfare. Retrieved on 1 January 2014. "Ministry of Health & Welfare Hyundai Building 6~12 F" and "Ministry of Health & Welfare (MW): 75 Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea 110-793, call center 129"
  23. ^ "Home (Archive.org)". Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  24. ^ 주한공관주소록. 외교부. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  25. ^ 종로구, 열린 청장실 (in Korean). Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  26. ^ "Welcome To Jongno". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  27. ^ "Seoul National University Yeongeon Campus". Seoul National University College of Medicine. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  28. ^ "Contact." Lycée International Xavier. Retrieved on 22 May 2014. "23, BIBONG-GIL (151, GUGI-DONG), JONGNO-GU, 110-804 SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA" – Address in Korean: "서울특별시 종로구 비봉길 23 (구기동 151) (우)110-804"
  29. ^ 국제교류현황, 지자체별 (둥청구) (in Korean). Governors association of Korea. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  30. ^ 국제교류현황, 지자체별 (수흐바타르구) (in Korean). Governors association of Korea. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  31. ^ 국제교류현황, 지자체별 (랭카스터시) (in Korean). Governors association of Korea. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  32. ^ 국제교류현황, 지자체별 (산미겔데아옌데시) (in Korean). Governors association of Korea. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  33. ^ 국제교류현황, 지자체별 (프라하1자치구) (in Korean). Governors association of Korea. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
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