Lead batteries for utility energy storage: A review
Abstract
Electrical energy storage with lead batteries is well established and is being successfully applied to utility energy storage. Improvements to lead battery technology have increased cycle life both in deep and shallow cycle applications. Li-ion and other battery types used for energy storage will be discussed to show that lead batteries are technically and economically effective. The sustainability of lead batteries is superior to other battery types.
- Publication:
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Journal of Energy Storage
- Pub Date:
- February 2018
- DOI:
- Bibcode:
- 2018JEnSt..15..145M
- Keywords:
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- Energy storage system;
- Lead–acid batteries;
- Renewable energy storage;
- Utility storage systems;
- Electricity networks