Leptin (hormon)

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Leptin
Leptin
	Struktura proteina leptin-E100.
Identifikatori
Simbol	Leptin
Pfam	PF02024
Pfam klan	CL0053
InterPro	IPR000065
SCOP	1ax8
SUPERFAMILY	1ax8
Pfam
Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

leptin
leptin
	PDB prikaz baziran na 1ax8.
Dostupne strukture
	1ax8
Identifikatori
Simboli	LEP; FLJ94114; OBS; OB
Vanjski ID	OMIM: 164160 MGI: 104663 HomoloGene: 193 GeneCards: LEP Gene
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• vezivanje peptidnog hormonskog receptora; • aktivnost faktora rasta; • proteinsko vezivanje; • hormonska aktivnost;
Celularna komponenta	• ekstracelularni prostor; • ekstracelularni region;
Biološki proces	• hormonski metabolički proces; • holesterolni metabolički proces; • regulacija glukonogeneze; • respons na dijetarni višak; • sekrecija insulina; • regulacija sekrecije insulina; • metabolički proces energetske rezerve; • leptinom posredovani signalni put; • negativna regulacija metaboličkog procesa; • intracelularna signalna kaskada; • glukozni metabolički proces; • regulacija intestinalne apsorpcije holesterola; • prenos signala; • navike unosa hrane; • respons na insulinski stimulus; • razvoj neurona centralnog nervnog sistema; • regulacija procesa steroidne biosinteze; • pozitivna regulacija diferencijacije mijeloidnih ćelija; • negativna regulacija apetita; • regulacija metaboličkih procesa; • ovulacija iz folikula jajnika; • navike ishrane kod odraslih; • pozitivna regulacija MAPKKK kaskade; • katabolički proces masnih kiselina; • metabolički proces žučne kiseline; • lipidni metabolički proces;
Pregled RNK izražavanja
	podaci
Ortolozi
Vrsta	Čovek
Entrez	3952
Ensembl	ENSG00000174697
UniProt	P41159
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000230
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000221
Lokacija (UCSC)	Chr 7:; 127.67 - 127.68 Mb
PubMed pretraga	[1]

Leptin (grč. leptos - tanak) je proteinski hormon saa 16 kDa. On učestvuje u regulaciji unosa i potrošnje energije, putem uvećavanja apetita i metabolizma. On je jedan od najvažnijih hormona adipoznog porekla.^[2] Gen Ob(Lep) (Ob za engl. obese - gojazan) je lociran na hromozomu 7 kod čoveka.^[3]

Otkriće

Efekti leptina su proučavani 1950-tih putem studiranja mutiranih gojaznih miševa, koji se nasumično javljaju u kolonijama miševa u Džeksonovoj laboratoriji.^[4] Ti miševi su bili izuzetno gojazni i preterano alavi. Ultimatno, za više sojeva laboratorijskih miševa je utvrđeno da su homozigotni za jednu gensku-mutaciju koja je uzrokovala njihovu izuzetnu gojaznost. Oni se svrstavaju u dve klase:

„ob/ob“, oni sa mutacijama gena za proteinski hormon leptin, i
„db/db“, oni sa mutacijama gena za receptor leptina.

Kad su ob/ob miševi tretirani injekcijama leptina, oni su izgubili njihovo suvišnu masnoću i vratili se na normalnu telesnu težinu.

Leptin je otkrio 1994. Džefri M. Fridman sa saradnicima na Rokfelerovom univerzitetu putem studija takvih miševa.^[5]

Vidi još

Literatura

^ Zhang F; Basinski MB; Beals JM; et al. (1997). „Crystal structure of the obese protein leptin-E100”. Nature. 387 (6629): 206—9. PMID 9144295. doi:10.1038/387206a0.
^ Brennan AM, Mantzoros CS (2006). „Drug Insight: the role of leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology--emerging clinical applications”. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2 (6): 318—27. PMID 16932309. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0196.
^ GreGreen ED, Maffei M, Braden VV, Proenca R, DeSilva U, Zhang Y, Chua SC Jr, Leibel RL, Weissenbach J, Friedman JM (1995). „The human obese (OB) gene: RNA expression pattern and mapping on the physical, cytogenetic, and genetic maps of chromosome 7”. Genome Res. 5 (1): 5—12. PMID 8717050. doi:10.1101/gr.5.1.5.
^ Ingalls AM, Dickie MM, Snell GD (1950). „Obese, a new mutation in the house mouse”. J. Hered. 41 (12): 317—8. PMID 14824537.
^ Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM (1994). „Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue”. Nature. 372 (6505): 425—32. PMID 7984236. doi:10.1038/372425a0.

Dodatna literatura

Torday JS, Sun H, Wang L, Torres E, Sunday ME, Rubin LP (2002). „Leptin mediates the parathyroid hormone-related protein paracrine stimulation of fetal lung maturation”. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 282 (3): L405—10. PMC 2942763 . PMID 11839533.
Torday JS, Rehan VK (2002). „Stretch-stimulated surfactant synthesis is coordinated by the paracrine actions of PTHrP and leptin”. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 283 (1): L130—5. PMID 12060569. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00380.2001.
Dubey L, Hesong Z (2006). „Role of leptin in atherogenesis”. Exp Clin Cardiol. 11 (4): 269—75. PMC 2274849 . PMID 18651016.
Friedman JM, Halaas JL (1998). „Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals.”. Nature. 395 (6704): 763—70. PMID 9796811. doi:10.1038/27376.
Prolo P, Wong ML, Licinio J (1999). „Leptin.”. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 30 (12): 1285—90. PMID 9924798. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(98)00094-6.
Heshka JT, Jones PJ (2001). „A role for dietary fat in leptin receptor, OB-Rb, function.”. Life Sci. 69 (9): 987—1003. PMID 11508653. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01201-2.
Janeckova R (2002). „The role of leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology.”. Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca. 50 (5): 443—59. PMID 11702849.
Lee DW, Leinung MC, Rozhavskaya-Arena M, Grasso P (2002). „Leptin and the treatment of obesity: its current status.”. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 440 (2-3): 129—39. PMID 12007531. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(02)01424-3.
Al-Daghri N, Bartlett WA, Jones AF, Kumar S (2002). „Role of leptin in glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes.”. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 4 (3): 147—55. PMID 12047393. doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2002.00194.x.
Sabath Silva EF (2002). „[Leptin]”. Rev. Invest. Clin. 54 (2): 161—5. PMID 12053815.
Thomas T, Burguera B (2003). „Is leptin the link between fat and bone mass?”. J. Bone Miner. Res. 17 (9): 1563—9. PMID 12211425. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.9.1563.
Kraemer RR, Chu H, Castracane VD (2002). „Leptin and exercise.”. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood). 227 (9): 701—8. PMID 12324651.
Waelput W, Brouckaert P, Broekaert D, Tavernier J (2003). „A role for leptin in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and in immune response.”. Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy. 1 (3): 277—89. PMID 14561193. doi:10.2174/1568010023344634.
Stenvinkel P, Pecoits-Filho R, Lindholm B (2004). „Leptin, ghrelin, and proinflammatory cytokines: compounds with nutritional impact in chronic kidney disease?”. Advances in renal replacement therapy. 10 (4): 332—45. PMID 14681862. doi:10.1053/j.arrt.2003.08.009.
Cohen P, Ntambi JM, Friedman JM (2004). „Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and the metabolic syndrome.”. Curr. Drug Targets Immune Endocr. Metabol. Disord. 3 (4): 271—80. PMID 14683458. doi:10.2174/1568008033340117.
Sahu A (2004). „Leptin signaling in the hypothalamus: emphasis on energy homeostasis and leptin resistance.”. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology. 24 (4): 225—53. PMID 14726256. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2003.10.001.
Elefteriou F, Karsenty G (2004). „[Bone mass regulation by leptin: a hypothalamic control of bone formation]”. Pathol. Biol. 52 (3): 148—53. PMID 15063934. doi:10.1016/j.patbio.2003.05.006.
Blüher S, Mantzoros CS (2004). „The role of leptin in regulating neuroendocrine function in humans.”. J. Nutr. 134 (9): 2469S—2474S. PMID 15333744.
Farooqi S, O'Rahilly S (2007). „Genetics of obesity in humans.”. Endocr. Rev. 27 (7): 710—18. PMID 17122358. doi:10.1210/er.2006-0040.

Spoljašnje veze

[pmid9144295-1] Zhang F; Basinski MB; Beals JM; et al. (1997). „Crystal structure of the obese protein leptin-E100”. Nature. 387 (6629): 206—9. PMID 9144295. doi:10.1038/387206a0.

[pmid16932309-2] Brennan AM, Mantzoros CS (2006). „Drug Insight: the role of leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology--emerging clinical applications”. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2 (6): 318—27. PMID 16932309. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0196.

[pmid8717050-3] GreGreen ED, Maffei M, Braden VV, Proenca R, DeSilva U, Zhang Y, Chua SC Jr, Leibel RL, Weissenbach J, Friedman JM (1995). „The human obese (OB) gene: RNA expression pattern and mapping on the physical, cytogenetic, and genetic maps of chromosome 7”. Genome Res. 5 (1): 5—12. PMID 8717050. doi:10.1101/gr.5.1.5.

[pmid14824537-4] Ingalls AM, Dickie MM, Snell GD (1950). „Obese, a new mutation in the house mouse”. J. Hered. 41 (12): 317—8. PMID 14824537.

[pmid7984236-5] Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM (1994). „Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue”. Nature. 372 (6505): 425—32. PMID 7984236. doi:10.1038/372425a0.

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