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. 2024 Sep 2;62(5):1-7.
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.12667984.

[Obstetric-gynecological and social factors for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia]

[Article in Spanish]
Affiliations

[Obstetric-gynecological and social factors for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia]

[Article in Spanish]
José Alfredo Villanueva-Duque et al. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. .

Abstract

Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) precedes cervical cancer and it is associated with risk factors that can be identified in the population, which contribute to timely diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To identify associated risk factors for the development of CIN in women attended at the first level of care.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted in women in the 2020-2022 period. Frequencies and means were obtained. For the differences, chi-squared and Student's t were used. Odds ratios (OR) were obtained to assess the risk.

Results: ORs were determined in the group of women with CIN II/CIN III, obtaining risks of almost twice the risk factors analyzed compared to the CIN I group, which had the same factors. When analyzed by age groups < or > 40 years, significant associations were determined in the factors of parity, first cytology in life and positive for smoking. In the group < 40 years and with CIN II/III significant risks were determined in age at first pregnancy < 18 (OR 8.33), first cytology in life (OR 3.77), positive for smoking (OR 3.0), sexual intercourse initiation (SII) before 18 years of age (OR 3.1) and parity (OR 1.3).

Conclusions: According to the results obtained, sexual and reproductive behavioral factors are of high risk for the development of CIN.

Introducción: las neoplasias intraepiteliales cervicales (NIC) anteceden al cáncer cervicouterino y se asocian a factores de riesgo que pueden estar presentes en la población, lo que contribuye a que se lleven a cabo el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos.

Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados para el desarrollo de NIC en mujeres atendidas en el primer nivel de atención médica.

Material y métodos: se hizo un estudio transversal y retrospectivo en mujeres en el periodo 2020-2022. Se obtuvieron frecuencias y medias. Para las diferencias se usaron chi cuadrada y t de Student. Para evaluar el riesgo se obtuvieron razones de momios (RM).

Resultados: se determinaron las RM en el grupo de mujeres con NIC II/NIC III y se obtuvieron riesgos de casi 2 veces de los factores analizados en comparación con el grupo de NIC I, que tuvieron los mismos factores. Al analizar la población por grupos de edad < o > 40 años, se determinaron asociaciones significativas en los factores de paridad, primera citología en la vida y tabaquismo positivo. En el grupo de menores de 40 años y con lesión de NIC II/NIC III se determinaron riesgos importantes en edad al primer embarazo < 18 (RM 8.33), primera citología en la vida (RM 3.77), tabaquismo positivo (RM 3.0), inicio de la vida sexual activa (IVSA) antes de los 18 años (RM 3.1) y paridad (RM 1.3).

Conclusiones: de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, los factores de conducta sexual y reproductiva son de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de las NIC.

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