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. 2024 Nov 13:2024:7652217.
doi: 10.1155/2024/7652217. eCollection 2024.

Water Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Alter Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells

Agian Jeffilano Barinda  1   2 , Wawaimuli Arozal  1 , Harri Hardi  1 , Yulia Ratna Dewi  3 , Muhamad Sadam Safutra  3   4 , Hee Jae Lee  5
Affiliations

Water Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Alter Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells

Agian Jeffilano Barinda et al. ScientificWorldJournal. .

Abstract

Moringa oleifera (MO) has been an important plant for food and traditional medicine in Asian countries, including Indonesia. The leaves of these plants are reported to be rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and micronutrients and have been proven to have nootropic properties. Therefore, we investigated whether MO could provide protective effects on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to H2O2. In this study, we observed cotreating water-extracted MO leaves on the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that this treatment enhanced the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. In addition, it suppressed the mRNA expression levels of apoptotic gene-related genes, specifically Bcl-2 associated protein X (BAX) and caspase 3. Furthermore, it promoted neuroplasticity by increasing the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in SH-SY5Y cells. The protein expression of phosphorylated-Akt and phosphorylated-CREB, essential genes in neuroplasticity, was also increased in cells treated with H2O2 and MO. Therefore, the neuroprotective effects of MO against oxidative stress are attributed to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, as well as its ability to modify the neuronal signaling pathway.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera; SH-SY5Y cells; antioxidant; apoptotic; neuroplasticity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cell viability assays in SH-SY5Y cells with Moringa oleifera (MO) extract and/or H2O2 treatment. (a) The effect of MO extract alone, ranging from 1 to 100 μg/mL, on cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells. (b) The effect of H2O2 alone, ranging from 0.1 to 50 mM, on cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells. (c) The effect of H2O2 concentration at 1 mM and MO extract from 1 to 100 μg/mL on cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells. ns: not significant, ⁣∗: p < 0.05, ⁣∗∗: p < 0.01, ⁣∗∗∗: p < 0.001.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) extract with/without H2O2 treatment on cell morphology in SH-SY5Y cells, with vehicle at 10x magnification (a) and 20x magnification (d), with H2O2 1 mM at 10x magnification (b) and 20x magnification (e), and with H2O2 1 mM and MO extract 25 μg/mL at 10x magnification (c) and 20x magnification (f).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) extract on the mRNA expressions of GPx1 (a), catalase (b), and SOD1 (c). Each bar represents the mean relative mRNA expression ± SEM of four samples. Data analysis was performed using one way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multicomparison test. ns: not significant, ⁣∗: p < 0.05.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) extract on the mRNA expressions of Bax (a) and caspase 3 (b). Each bar represents the mean relative mRNA expression ± SEM of four samples. Data analysis was performed using one way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multicomparison test. ns: not significant, ⁣∗: p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) extract on the mRNA expressions of BDNF (a). The representative immunoblotting image in the SH-SY5Y cells of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), total AKT (AKT), phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), and total CREB (CREB) (b). Quantified band analysis of p-AKT protein expression and normalized to AKT protein expression (c). Quantified band analysis of p-CREB protein expression and normalized to CREB protein expression (d). Each bar represents the mean relative mRNA expression ± SEM of four samples. Data analysis was performed using one way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multicomparison test. ns: not significant, ⁣∗: p < 0.05.
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