Auricular fistula: a review of its clinical manifestations, genetics, and treatments

doi:10.1007/s00109-023-02343-2

Review

. 2023 Sep;101(9):1041-1058.

doi: 10.1007/s00109-023-02343-2. Epub 2023 Jul 17.

Auricular fistula: a review of its clinical manifestations, genetics, and treatments

Lamei Yuan^#^{1

2

3

4}, Ruikang Yang^#^{1

2

3}, Hao Deng^{5

6

7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
² Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
³ Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
⁴ Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
⁵ Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. [email protected].
⁶ Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. [email protected].
⁷ Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. [email protected].
⁸ Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. [email protected].

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 37458758
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02343-2

Review

Auricular fistula: a review of its clinical manifestations, genetics, and treatments

Lamei Yuan et al. J Mol Med (Berl). 2023 Sep.

. 2023 Sep;101(9):1041-1058.

doi: 10.1007/s00109-023-02343-2. Epub 2023 Jul 17.

Authors

Lamei Yuan^#^{1

2

3

4}, Ruikang Yang^#^{1

2

3}, Hao Deng^{5

6

7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
² Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
³ Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
⁴ Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
⁵ Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. [email protected].
⁶ Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. [email protected].
⁷ Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. [email protected].
⁸ Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. [email protected].

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 37458758
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02343-2

Abstract

Auricular fistula is a common congenital auricular malformation, characterized as a small opening in the skin and a subcutaneous cyst. It can be classified in different ways according to positions of pits and directions of fistula tracts. The term preauricular fistula and variant type of preauricular fistula (postauricular fistula) are used. Auricular fistula prevalence varies in countries and populations, and its actual prevalence is presently unknown. The most accepted and widely cited theory of auricular fistula etiopathogenesis is an incorrect or incomplete fusion of six auricular hillocks that are mesenchymal proliferations. Auricular fistula can occur either sporadically or genetically. The pattern in inherited cases is thought to be incomplete autosomal dominant, with variable expressions, reduced penetrance, and inapparent gender differences. Auricular fistula has several forms and is reported as being a component of many syndromes. In the field of genetics, currently, there is no related review to comprehensively summarize the genetic basis of auricular fistula and related disorders. This article provides a comprehensive review of auricular fistula, especially congenital preauricular fistula, which accounts for the majority of auricular fistula, by summarizing the clinical manifestations, histological and embryological development, genetics, examinations, and treatments, as well as syndromes with auricular fistula.

Keywords: Auricular fistula; Genetics; Postauricular fistula; Preauricular fistula; Syndrome.

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References

1. Matev B, Lyutfi E, Stoyanov GS, Sapundzhiev NR (2020) Preauricular sinus: a tale of forgetful rediscovery. Cureus 12:e8885. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8885
1. Pang J, Xiong H, Liao Q, Xu Y, Huang Q, Ou Y (2019) The diagnosis and treatment of a variant type of auricular sinus: postauricular sinus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276:1961–1967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-019-05431-7 - DOI - PubMed
1. Chang PH, Wu CM (2005) An insidious preauricular sinus presenting as an infected postauricular cyst. Int J Clin Pract 59:370–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2005.00437.x - DOI - PubMed
1. Kuwahara K, Murakami M, Hyakusoku H, Tosa M (2014) Congenital auricular fistula involving the lobule with caudal extension of an abscess. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 67:1749–1750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2014.07.025 - DOI - PubMed
1. Esa R, Solahuddin M (1993) Auricular sinus. Med J Malaysia 48:286–292 - PubMed

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[1] Matev B, Lyutfi E, Stoyanov GS, Sapundzhiev NR (2020) Preauricular sinus: a tale of forgetful rediscovery. Cureus 12:e8885. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8885

[2] Matev B, Lyutfi E, Stoyanov GS, Sapundzhiev NR (2020) Preauricular sinus: a tale of forgetful rediscovery. Cureus 12:e8885. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8885

[3] Pang J, Xiong H, Liao Q, Xu Y, Huang Q, Ou Y (2019) The diagnosis and treatment of a variant type of auricular sinus: postauricular sinus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276:1961–1967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-019-05431-7 - DOI - PubMed

[4] Pang J, Xiong H, Liao Q, Xu Y, Huang Q, Ou Y (2019) The diagnosis and treatment of a variant type of auricular sinus: postauricular sinus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276:1961–1967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-019-05431-7 - DOI - PubMed

[5] Chang PH, Wu CM (2005) An insidious preauricular sinus presenting as an infected postauricular cyst. Int J Clin Pract 59:370–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2005.00437.x - DOI - PubMed

[6] Chang PH, Wu CM (2005) An insidious preauricular sinus presenting as an infected postauricular cyst. Int J Clin Pract 59:370–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2005.00437.x - DOI - PubMed

[7] Kuwahara K, Murakami M, Hyakusoku H, Tosa M (2014) Congenital auricular fistula involving the lobule with caudal extension of an abscess. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 67:1749–1750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2014.07.025 - DOI - PubMed

[8] Kuwahara K, Murakami M, Hyakusoku H, Tosa M (2014) Congenital auricular fistula involving the lobule with caudal extension of an abscess. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 67:1749–1750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2014.07.025 - DOI - PubMed

[9] Esa R, Solahuddin M (1993) Auricular sinus. Med J Malaysia 48:286–292 - PubMed

[10] Esa R, Solahuddin M (1993) Auricular sinus. Med J Malaysia 48:286–292 - PubMed

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Auricular fistula: a review of its clinical manifestations, genetics, and treatments

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Auricular fistula: a review of its clinical manifestations, genetics, and treatments

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