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. 2023 Jan 28;13(1):1586.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28758-y.

Laterality of blood perfusion in the lower extremities after drinking saline at different temperatures

Shuyong Jia #  1 , Qizhen Wang #  2 , Hongyan Li  1 , Xiaojing Song  1 , Shuyou Wang  1 , Weibo Zhang  1 , Guangjun Wang  3
Affiliations

Laterality of blood perfusion in the lower extremities after drinking saline at different temperatures

Shuyong Jia et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Skin blood flux (SkBF) changes caused by drinking cold water are generally associated with vagal tone and osmotic factors in the digestive system. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on whether there are left and right differences in these SkBF change. In the current study, a total of 60 subjects were recruited. Skin blood perfusion of the bilateral lower extremities was recorded simultaneously before and after drinking saline of different temperatures saline by using Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The electrogastrogram (EGG) was also monitored, and the dominant frequency of the EGG and heart rate variability were analyzed. The results indicated that after drinking saline, the laterality index of SkBF at the lower extremities was different and the laterality index changes of SkBF were mainly reflected in the frequency interval V (0.4-1.6 Hz). There was a weak negative correlation between the laterality index of endothelial NO-dependent component and change rate of root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) after drinking 4 °C saline. However, after drinking 30 °C saline, there was a weak positive correlation between neurogenic component and RMSSD The distribution and regulation of bilateral blood flow are not symmetrical but exhibit a certain laterality.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experiment design and process of signal recording and analysis. EGG, electrogastrogram; DF, dominant frequency; HRV, heart rate variability.
Figure 2
Figure 2
EGG power spectra changes. (A) Cutaneous electrode position; (B) raw data of EGG; (C) power spectra of EGG; (D) EGG peak frequency before and after stimulation. Pcorr < 0.01 (4 °C); Pcorr < 0.01 (10 °C); Pcorr = 0.24 (30 °C); Pcorr: corrected P value. EGG, electrogastrogram.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Change in HRV. (A) ECG signal from channel 1; (B) RR intervals of ECG; (C) Change rate of mean RR, F(2,57) = 8.73, P = 0.0005; **Pcorr < 0.01; ##Pcorr < 0.01; (D) Change rate of RMSSD; F(2,57) = 3.75, P = 0.029; *Pcorr < 0.05; Pcorr: corrected P value. All values are reported as the mean ± standard error. ECG, electrocardiogram; RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences; HRV, heart rate variability.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Blood perfusion on both sides. (A) Recording position at ST36. (B) Raw data of blood flux on both sides; (C) Laterality index of blood perfusion. *Pcorr < 0.05, **Pcorr < 0.01 (4 °C vs. 30 °C); #Pcorr < 0.05; ##Pcorr < 0.01 (10 °C vs. 30 °C); Pcorr: corrected P value. All values are reported as the mean ± standard error.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Laterality index for different components at different frequency intervals. (A) Wavelet analysis of blood flux; (B) Endothelial component (0.0095–0.02 Hz); (C) Neurogenic component (0.02–0.06 Hz); (D) Myogenic component (0.06–0.15 Hz); (E) Respiration component (0.15–0.4 Hz); (F) Cardiac component (0.4–1.6 Hz). Main effect of stimuli: F(2,57) = 6.085, P = 0.00403; main effect of time: F(3,171) = 3.159, P = 0.0261; interaction effect: F(6,171) = 5.1, P < 0.001. Power > 0.95. Post hoc analysis reveals a significant increase for 30 °C from the first session. *Pcorr < 0.05; **Pcorr < 0.01 (4 °C vs. 30 °C); #Pcorr < 0.05; ##Pcorr < 0.01 (10 °C vs. 30 °C); Pcorr: corrected P value. All values are reported as the mean ± standard error.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Relationship between laterality index of different frequency intervals and change rate of RMSSD. (A)–(C) Endothelial NO-independent; (D)–(F) Endothelial NO-dependent; (G)–(I) Neurogenic component; (J)–(L) Myogenic component; (M)–(O) Respiration component; (P)–(R) Cardiac component. ρ, Spearman’s correlation coefficient; Pcorr, corrected P value. RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences.
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