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Multicenter Study
. 2021 Nov;148(5):e2021053427.
doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-053427. Epub 2021 Aug 13.

COVID-19 Vaccination-Associated Myocarditis in Adolescents

Supriya S Jain  1 , Jeremy M Steele  2 , Brian Fonseca  3 , Sihong Huang  4 , Sanket Shah  5 , Shiraz A Maskatia  6 , Sujatha Buddhe  7 , Nilanjana Misra  8 , Preeti Ramachandran  9 , Lasya Gaur  10 , Parham Eshtehardi  11 , Shafkat Anwar  12 , Neeru Kaushik  13 , Frank Han  14 , Nita Ray Chaudhuri  15 , Lars Grosse-Wortmann  16
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

COVID-19 Vaccination-Associated Myocarditis in Adolescents

Supriya S Jain et al. Pediatrics. 2021 Nov.

Abstract

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to characterize the clinical presentation, short-term prognosis, and myocardial tissue changes as noted on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) or cardiac MRI in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination-associated myocarditis (C-VAM).

Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study across 16 US hospitals, patients <21 years of age with a diagnosis of C-VAM were included and compared with a cohort with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Younger children with C-VAM were compared with older adolescents.

Results: Sixty-three patients with a mean age of 15.6 years were included; 92% were male. All had received a messenger RNA vaccine and, except for one, presented after the second dose. Four patients had significant dysrhythmia; 14% had mild left ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography, which resolved on discharge; 88% met the diagnostic CMR Lake Louise criteria for myocarditis. Myocardial injury as evidenced by late gadolinium enhancement on CMR was more prevalent in comparison with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. None of the patients required inotropic, mechanical, or circulatory support. There were no deaths. Follow-up data obtained in 86% of patients at a mean of 35 days revealed resolution of symptoms, arrhythmias, and ventricular dysfunction.

Conclusions: Clinical characteristics and early outcomes are similar between the different pediatric age groups in C-VAM. The hospital course is mild, with quick clinical recovery and excellent short-term outcomes. Myocardial injury and edema are noted on CMR. Close follow-up and further studies are needed to understand the long-term implications and mechanism of these myocardial tissue changes.

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Conflict of interest statement

POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

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