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. 2018 Jun;86(3):508-521.
doi: 10.1111/jopy.12332. Epub 2017 Jul 29.

Personality change across the life span: Insights from a cross-cultural, longitudinal study

William J Chopik  1 , Shinobu Kitayama  2
Affiliations

Personality change across the life span: Insights from a cross-cultural, longitudinal study

William J Chopik et al. J Pers. 2018 Jun.

Abstract

Objective: Personality traits are characterized by both stability and change across the life span. Many of the mechanisms hypothesized to cause personality change (e.g., the timing of various social roles, physical health, and cultural values) differ considerably across culture. Moreover, personality consistency is valued highly in Western societies, but less so in non-Western societies. Few studies have examined how personality changes differently across cultures.

Method: We employed a multilevel modeling approach to examine age-related changes in Big Five personality traits in two large panel studies of Americans (n = 6,259; Mage = 46.85; 52.5% female) and Japanese (n = 1,021; Mage = 54.28; 50.9% female). Participants filled out personality measures twice, over either a 9-year interval (for Americans) or a 4-year period (for Japanese).

Results: Changes in Agreeableness and Openness to Experience did not systematically vary across cultures; changes in Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness did vary across cultures. Further, Japanese show significantly greater fluctuation in the level of all the traits tested over time than Americans.

Conclusions: The culture-specific social, ecological, and life-course factors that are associated with personality change are discussed.

Keywords: Big Five personality; MIDJA; MIDUS; culture; life span development.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age-related changes in extraversion in U.S. and Japan Note. The model-implied regression slope for the relevant age effects across all age observations is plotted. The shorter, faded lines represent the patterns of cohort change over the two assessments within each culture.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age-related changes in agreeableness in U.S. and Japan Note. The model-implied regression slope for the relevant age effects across all age observations is plotted. The shorter, faded lines represent the patterns of cohort change over the two assessments within each culture.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age-related changes in neuroticism in U.S. and Japan Note. The model-implied regression slope for the relevant age effects across all age observations is plotted. The shorter, faded lines represent the patterns of cohort change over the two assessments within each culture.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Age-related changes in conscientiousness in U.S. and Japan Note. The model-implied regression slope for the relevant age effects across all age observations is plotted. The shorter, faded lines represent the patterns of cohort change over the two assessments within each culture.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Age-related changes in openness to experience in U.S. and Japan Note. The model-implied regression slope for the relevant age effects across all age observations is plotted. The shorter, faded lines represent the patterns of cohort change over the two assessments within each culture.
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