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. 2003 Jun 21;361(9375):2152-4.
doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13695-1.

Is Candida albicans a trigger in the onset of coeliac disease?

W F Nieuwenhuizen  1 , R H H Pieters, L M J Knippels, M C J F Jansen, S J Koppelman
Affiliations

Is Candida albicans a trigger in the onset of coeliac disease?

W F Nieuwenhuizen et al. Lancet. .

Abstract

Coeliac disease is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the small intestine that is induced by ingestion of gluten proteins from wheat, barley, or rye. We postulate that Candida albicans is a trigger in the onset of coeliac disease. The virulence factor of C albicans-hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1)-contains aminoacid sequences that are identical or highly homologous to known coeliac disease-related alpha-gliadin and gamma-gliadin T-cell epitopes. HWP1 is a transglutaminase substrate, and is used by C albicans to adhere to the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, tissue transglutaminase and endomysium components could become covalently linked to the yeast. Subsequently, C albicans might function as an adjuvant that stimulates antibody formation against HWP1 and gluten, and formation of autoreactive antibodies against tissue transglutaminase and endomysium.

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