Venezuela Is Quietly Ramping Up Oil Production

As difficult as it may seem to put forward any forecasts for Venezuela in 2020, there exist several factors that would seem to augur a more favorable environment for Nicolás Maduro. First of all, the Maduro government has managed to slow down the exorbitant hyperinflation spiral, with the year-end inflation level for 2019 settling around 7-8 000 percent, a palpable difference compared to the 2018 level of 130 000 percent (the IMF anticipated hyperinflation at 10 million percent in 2019). This has been primarily attained by means of an informal dollarization of the Venezuelan economy, whereby the American currency serves as the de facto price reference for goods. As PDVSA pays off its Rosneft debt and exports an increasing amount of crude to Asia, there should be an ever-increasing number of greenbacks in Venezuela. Related: Why The Saudis Suddenly Agreed To This Mega Oil Deal

Given that the Venezuelan Central Bank only holds hard currency to an estimated amount of $7.5 billion and that the economy is still some 90 percent dependent on oil income, Maduro’s primordial goal is to make sure that the crude exports are not cut short. As stated earlier, the upcoming National Assembly ballot on the future of Juan Guaidó (which will take place January 05, 2020) might jeopardize this goal – if the opposition leader is to keep or fortify his standing within the Venezuelan parliamentary system, despite arbitrary detainment of several opposition lawmakers, the current legal limbo might continue. Yet should Maduro gain the upper hand, the White House will surely ratchet up pressure on PDVSA and all its international partners.

Graph 3. Venezuela’s Refinery Runs in 2017-2019 (thousand barrels per day).

Source: OilX.

In the meantime, PDVSA still faces an upward battle to keep the company afloat – one need not look any further than the NOC’s desolate downstream segment, completely irresponsive to the relative rebound in Venezuela’s economic stature. After a year mired with blackouts and electricity shortages, following which much of the country’s downstream capacity has been rendered unusable (the 310kbpd Cardon refinery, part of the Paraguana Refinery Complex, remains offline up to the present day), refinery runs are still at 0.21-0.22mbpd, i.e. some 17 percent of PDVSA’s aggregate refining capacity (see Graph 3). PDVSA has tried to attract Indian investors for the task of revamping its decrepit refineries, signing a 5-year deal with an Indian consortium this November yet the actual results thereof are still to be seen.

As 2020 approaches President Maduro, the ultimate survival artist of our generation, is bound to confront a new set of challenges. He has managed to clear several roadblocks in the past twelve months – easing inflation (effectively renouncing on his previous economic policy), boosting exports and paying pack debt wherever it is due. PDVSA cargoes are moving to China and India, with Singapore and Togo ship-to-ship transfers ending up in the same region complementing direct sales, moreover PDVSA and Rosneft have found a modus operandi with crude shippers. Still, the landscape is murky for Maduro – the refinery segment is struggling for life, upstream’s long-term prospects are void without Chinese, Indian and Russian help, moreover further US sanctions might be slapped on him anytime.

By Viktor Katona for Oilprice.com

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