Peristiwa U-2 1960
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Peristiwa U-2 1960 berlaku semasa Perang Dingin pada 1 Mei, 1960, semasa pemerintahan Presiden Dwight D. Eisenhower dan kepemimpinan Nikita Khrushchev, apabila sebuah pesawat mengintip U-2 milik Amerika Syarikat telah ditembak jatuh di ruang udara Kesatuan Soviet. Pada awalnya kerajaan Amerika telah menafikan tujuan dan misi pesawat ini, namun kemudian terpaksa mengaku peranannya sebagai sebuah pesawat mengintip apabila kerajaan Soviet menunjukkan bangkai (yang masih sempurna) dan juruterbang yang ditangkap, Francis Gary Powers. Kejadian ini berlaku hanya dua minggu sebelum persidangan Timur-Barat yang dijadualkan di Paris. Peristiwa ini menyebabkan Amerika Syarikat malu besar[1] dan menjejaskan hubungannya dengan Kesatuan Soviet.
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Walsh, Kenneth T. (2008-06-06). "Presidential Lies and Deceptions". US News and World Report. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
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Bacaan lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Michael R. Beschloss. May-Day: Eisenhower, Khrushchev, and the U-2 Affair. New York: Harper & Row. 1986. ISBN 978-0-06-015565-0.
- Sergei N. Khrushchev. Nikita Khrushchev and the Creation of a Superpower. State College, PA: Penn State Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-271-01927-7.
- Jay Miller Lockheed U-2; Aerograph 3. Aerofax Inc., 1983 (paperback) ISBN 0-942548-04-3.
- Oleg Penkovsky. The Penkovsky Papers: The Russian Who Spied for the West, London: Collins, 1966. OCLC 2714427
- Chris Pocock. Dragon Lady; The History of the U-2 Spyplane. Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 1989 (paperback). ISBN 978-0-87938-393-0.
- Chris Pocock. The U-2 Spyplane; Toward the Unknown. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2000. ISBN 978-0-7643-1113-0.
- Chris Pocock. 50 Years of the U-2; The Complete Illustrated History of the "Dragon Lady". Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2005. ISBN 978-0-7643-2346-1.
- Francis Gary Powers, Curt Gentry, Operation Overflight. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1971 (hard cover) ISBN 978-0-340-14823-5. Potomac Book, 2002 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-57488-422-7.
- Phil Taubman. Secret Empire: Eisenhower, the CIA, and the Hidden Story of America’s Space Espionage. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003. ISBN 0-684-85699-9.
- Nigel West, Seven Spies Who Changed the World. London: Secker & Warburg, 1991 (hard cover). ISBN 978-0-436-56603-5. London: Mandarin, 1992 (paperback). ISBN 978-0-7493-0620-5.
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- The U-2 airplane incident, according to the U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian
- 1962 Russia frees US spy plane pilot
- Chelyabinsk-65/Ozersk
- The U-2 Spy Plane Incident - slideshow by Life magazine
- Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library & Museum - contains a number of artifacts and documents relating to the U-2 incident
- "The CIA and the U-2 Program" (1998) - Central Intelligence Agency
- Central Museum of the Armed Forces in Moscow Diarkibkan 2009-07-27 di Wayback Machine