Satoshiã注ææ·±ãè¨å®ããä¸çã®å¢çç·
ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã·ã¹ãã ã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®åæç¥è
2度ã®ã¤ã³ã·ãã³ãã示ãå®å ¨ãªã·ã¹ãã ã¸ã®ç解ä¸è¶³
å¤åãªå½æ°æ§ãæã¡ãã·ã¹ãã ã®éç¨ãè¡ãããã°ç¢ºå®ã«ä»äºãããªããã¨ã§ä¸ççã«ãç¥ããã¦ããæ¥æ¬ã«ããã¦ãMt. Goxäºä»¶ã«ç¶ãã2åç®ã®åå¼æã«ããã大ããªã¤ã³ã·ãã³ããçºçãããçè ã¯ã以åãããæ¥çµIT Proã®é£è¼ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã¯æ¬å½ã«ä¸çãå¤ããã®ããï¼å¤§å¹ å çããã¦æ¸ç±ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³æè¡ã®æªè§£æ±ºåé¡ãã¨ãã¦åºçï¼ã«ããã¦ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ãç¨ããã·ã¹ãã ã«ãããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ç¢ºä¿ã®é£ããã解説ããã¹ã¿ã³ãã©ã¼ã大å¦ã§è¡ããããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã«é¢ãããããã®ä¼è°ã§ããBlockchain Protocol Analysis and Security Engineering 2017 (BPASE 2017)ãIEEE Security & Pricvacy on the Blockhcain(IEEE S&B) 2017ãWorkshop on Privacy, Security, Trust & Blockchain, 1st Scaling Bitcoin 2015 Montrealãå½¢å¼æ¤è¨¼ã§èåãªå¦ä¼ã§ããMEMOCODE/FMCAD2017ãªã©ã§ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ãç¨ããã·ã¹ãã ã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ç¢ºä¿ã®ããã®çºè¡¨ãæå¾ ãã¥ã¼ããªã¢ã«ãè¡ã£ã¦ããã
ä»åã®ã³ã¤ã³ãã§ãã¯äºä»¶ã®çºçã¡ã«ããºã ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ã¾ã 解æããã¦ããªãããéµç®¡çãå«ãæå·ã·ã¹ãã ã®éç¨ã§ã¯åºæ¬çãªã¨ããã«ççµããã£ãã¨ããã¦ãããããããæ¬è³ªçã«ã¯ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³äºæ¥è ã®ä¸ã«ããããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®æè¡ãä½ãå®ç¾ãããã¨ãã¦ãã¦ãä½ãå®ç¾ã§ãã¦ããªãã®ããã¨ããã·ã¹ãã ã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãèããä¸ã§ã®åææ¡ä»¶ã«é¢ããç解ãæ¬ å¦ãã¦ããä¼ç¤¾ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããã¨èãããããã¾ããå©ç¨è å´ã«ããããæ å ±ãä¸ãããããã¨ããªããããã«ãããããããå®å ¨æ§ã謳ãåºåãåå¨ããã¨ããã¨ãããèªèº«ããããããã¸ãã¹ãè¡ãã®ã«ä¸é©æ ¼ã§ããã¨ããããããã§ãæ¬ç¨¿ã§ã¯ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã«å¯¾ããç解ãæ·±ããããã«ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ãéæãããã¨ãã¦ãããã¨ã¯ä½ã§ãã¹ã³ã¼ãå¤ãªã®ã¯ã©ããªã®ããã¨ããç¹ãè¿°ã¹ãã
Satoshi Paperã主張ãã¦ãããã¨ã¨ãæ¸ããã¦ããªããã¨
ä¸ã®ä¸ã®å¤ãã®ãããªãã¯ã»ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ï¼ä»¥ä¸ãæ¬ç¨¿ã§ã¯ãããªãã¯ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®ã¿ã対象ã¨ããï¼ããã¼ã¹ã¨ããããã¸ã§ã¯ãã¯ã2008å¹´ã«Satoshi Nakamotoãå ¬éããBitcoinã®paperã§ç¤ºããããã¸ãã¯ã¨ã¢ã«ã´ãªãºã ãèµ·ç¹ã«ãªã£ã¦ããããã®paperã«ããã¦ææ¡ãã¦ããæè¡ã®ãã¨ããæ¬æä¸ã§ã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®ããã«è¨è¿°ããã¦ããã
An electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of trust, allowing any two willing parties to transact directly with each other without the need for a trusted third party.
ï¼æ¥æ¬èªè¨³ï¼åæãã¦ããäºè ãä¿¡é ¼ã§ãã第ä¸è ãå¿ è¦ã¨ãããç´æ¥åå¼ãå¯è½ãªããã©ã¹ãã®ä»£ããã«æå·ç証æã«ä¾æ ããé»åæ¯æãã·ã¹ãã
In this paper, we propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer distributed timestamp server to generate computational proof of the chronological order of transactions.
ï¼æ¥æ¬èªè¨³ï¼åæ£ããããã¢ã»ãã¼ã»ãã¢ã®ã¿ã¤ã ã¹ã¿ã³ããµã¼ãã¼ã使ã£ã¦ããã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®æéçé åºã®è¨ç®æ©ç証æãçæãããã¨ã«ãããäºéæ¯æãåé¡ã解決ããã·ã¹ãã
ï¼è±èªã¯Satoshi Nakamoto, âBitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash Systemâããå¼ç¨ãæ¥æ¬èªè¨³ã¯æ¾å°¾ã»ãããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³æè¡ã®æªè§£æ±ºåé¡ããããå´æå¤å½¦æ°ã®ç¿»è¨³ãå¼ç¨ï¼
Satoshi Paperã§ã¯ãæ§ã ãªæè¡çå®ç¾æ¹æ³ã¨ãã®èªå·±è©ä¾¡ãæ¸ããã¦ããããåºæ¬çã«ã¯ä¸è¨ã®è¡¨ç¾ãè¶ ãããã¨ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ãä½ã主張ãã¦ããªããã¤ã¾ããBitcoinã¯ãTrusted Third Partyã®åå¨ãä»®å®ããªãäºéæ¯æããé²æ¢ããPaymentï¼æ¯æãï¼ã·ã¹ãã ã ããã以ä¸ã§ãããã以ä¸ã§ããªãããã®è¡¨ç¾ã¯ã極ãã¦æ³¨ææ·±ãé¸ã°ãã¦ãããææ¡æè¡ã説æããåèªã¨ãã¦ããªãPaymentã¨ããåèªãé¸ã°ãã¦ãããã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ãå¾è¿°ããã
Satoshi Paperã«ã¯ããããã交ææããããã¯è²©å£²æã®ãããªã¹ãã¼ã¯ãã«ãã¼ã®åå¨ã¯è¨è¿°ããã¦ããªããã¤ã¾ããããã¾ã§Bitcoinã®ããã¨ãã ãã§å ¨ã¦ãå®çµãããã¨ããä¸çã«ããã¦ã®ã¿ããã®ä»çµã¿ãäºéæ¯æãã®ãªãPaymentã¨ãã¦æ©è½ãããã¨ãã主張ãããã¦ããªãããã以å¤ã®ãã¨ã¯æ¸ããã¦ããªããè¨ãæ¹ãå¤ããã°ã交ææã販売æãéãã¦ãã£ã¢ããé貨ã«äº¤æã§ããä¸çã¯ãæ³å®å¤ã§ããããã®ãããªé©ç¨ãããéã®æè¡ã®ç¢ºããã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ãä½ãè¨åãã¦ããªããã¤ã¾ãããã®ãããªè¨å®ã«Bitcoinã®ãããã³ã«ãé©ç¨ããå ´åããªã¹ã¯ãã©ã®ãããããã®ãã示ãã¦ããªãã®ã§ããã
ã¾ãããããSatoshi Paperã«æ示çã«ã¯æ¸ããã¦ããªãããéµç®¡çã¯å½ç¶æ£ããå人ã«ãã£ã¦è¡ãããã¨ããåæãç½®ãã¦ãããç§ãã¡ã®ãããªæå·ãããã³ã«ã®è¨è¨ã¨å®å ¨æ§è©ä¾¡ã®ç 究ãè¡ã人ãã¡ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã¯ãéµç®¡çãæ£ããè¡ããããã¨ã¯åæã§ããããã®ãã¨ãè«æã«ã¯æ¢ãã¦æ¸ããªãããã ãããããããã¡ãªãã¨ã§ãããããã®ãããªæé»ã®èæ¯ãç¥ããªã人ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã¯ãæ¸ããã¦ããªããããã®ä»çµã¿ãå®è£ ããªããã¨ãããã¨ã¯çºçãå¾ããSSL/TLSã§èµ·ãã¦ããå¤ãã®å®è£ ããããèå¼±æ§ããIETFã®RFCã®è¨è¿°ã®ææ§ãããæ¥ããã¨ãããããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«ããã¦ã¯ãæå·æè¡ãç¨ããæå·éµï¼ç§å¯éµï¼ãç¨ãã¦ããã®ã§ãå½ç¶ååãªéµç®¡çãããå¿ è¦ãããããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«ããã¦ã©ã®ãããªéµç®¡çãå¿ è¦ãã¨ããæ¨æºã¯ç¾æç¹ã§ã¯åå¨ããªãããNIST SP800â57ã«æ¸ããã¦ããä¸è¬çãªéµç®¡çã®èãæ¹ãéµã®ã©ã¤ããµã¤ã¯ã«ããã¸ã¡ã³ããéç¨ãæè¡ãªã©ã¯ãç¾æç¹ã§ãç©´ãããã»ã©èªãã§ããå¿ è¦ã¯ããããã¼ãã¦ã¨ã¢ã®ã¦ã©ã¬ããã使ãã«ãã¦ããæå·å¦çãã§ãããã¼ãã¦ã¨ã¢ã®èªè¨¼å¶åº¦ããããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯JCMVPã¨å¼ã°ãããã®ã ãåã«ãããã¦ã©ã¬ããã¨ã³ã¼ã«ãã¦ã©ã¬ããã®ä½¿ãåããããã¼ãã¦ã©ã¬ãããããã«ãã·ã°ã¨ããåå¥ã®æè¡ã ããã£ã¦ããã°ããã¨ããè°è«ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã§ã«åå¨ããä½ç³»ãå ã«éµç®¡çå ¨ä½ã®èãæ¹ã®æ´çãå¿ è¦ã ãããã§ãªãã¨ãåå¥ã®æè¡ã ããã£ã¦ããã¯ããã¨ããç®å°åãã話ã«ãªããããªãããã®æå³ã§ãå°ãªãã¨ãããããã£ãæ¢åã®åºæºãå©ç¨ãã¦ãããã¨ã¯å¿ è¦ã ããã®ä¸ã§ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«ç¹åãã¦è¿½å ã§å¿ è¦ãªè¦ä»¶ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ãæ¹ãã¦æ¨æºãèããå¿ è¦ãããã ããã
注æãã¹ãã¯ãéµç®¡çãå¿ è¦ã ã¨ãããã¨ã¯ã管ç対象ã®ãã·ã³ãããã¤ã¹ããµã¤ãã¼æ»æã«æãããã¨ãã¦ãèããããããã«ãã¦ãããã¨ãããã¨ã«ç¸å½ããããã¯åå¼æã販売æã§ãã£ã¦ããæå ã®PCã§ãã£ã¦ãåãã ãã¤ã¾ããæ¬æ¥ã®Satoshiã®ææ³ãå®ç¾ããéã«ãèªå·±ã®ç§å¯éµãæå ã«ããã®ã§ããã°ããã®ããã¤ã¹ã«ã¤ãã¦ãµã¤ãã¼ã»ãã¥ãªãã£å¯¾çãããã¦èå¼±æ§ãæã£ãã½ããã¦ã¨ã¢ãã¤ã³ã¹ãã¼ã«ããã¦ããªãããã«ãããªã©ã®å¯¾çãå«ãã¦ãå³éãªå¯¾çãä¸è¬å¸æ°ã«ãæ±ãããããã¨ãããã¨ãæå³ããããã®ã³ã¹ãã¨è² æ ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯Satoshi Paperã«ã¯æ¸ããã¦ããªãããå¿ ãèªèããå¿ è¦ãããã
Paymentã¨Settlement
Satoshi Paperãææ¡ãã¦ãããã®ã¯ãPaymentï¼æ¯æãï¼Systemã«éããªãã¨æ¸ãããããã§ãPaymentï¼æ¯æãï¼ã¨Settlementï¼æ±ºæ¸ï¼ã®éãã«ã¤ãã¦å°ãèãããããã®2ã¤ã¯æ³¨ææ·±ããªãã¨æ··åãããã¡ã ããå¾®å¦ã«éããä¹±æ´ãªè¡¨ç¾ã«ãªãããPaymentã¯ä¾¡å¤ã®ç§»åã«é¢ããæ示ã®ãã¨ã§ããããã®ä¾¡å¤ã®ç§»åãå®äºãããè¡çºãSettlementã§ãããç¾éãããåãããå ´åã«ã¯ãPaymentã¨Settlmentã¯åæã«çºçããããéè¡ãéãã¦ééãè¡ãå ´åã«ã¯ãééã®æ示ãæ¯è¾¼ä¾é ¼ã¨ããå½¢ã§è¡ãããã®å®è¡ãéè¡éã®ãããã¯ã¼ã¯ã§è¡ãã
Bitcoinã®ãããã³ã«ã注ææ·±ãã¿ãã¨ããããã¯ã«æ¸ãããæ å ±ã¯åã«æ¯æãæ示ã®æ å ±ããæéã®é åºã«æ²¿ã£ã¦èç©ããã¦ããã«ãããªããããããSatoshiããPayment Systemã¨ããåèªãé¸ãã çç±ã§ããã¨èãããããããä¸çã®å ¨ã¦ã®ããã¨ããBitcoinã®äº¤æã ãã§ããã¨ãã§ããã®ã§ããã°ãæ¯æãæ示ã®æç³»åçèç©ã ãã§ãã£ã¦ãããããå¾ããè¦ãå¯è½æ§ãã»ã¨ãã©ãªããªãã°Settleããã®ã¨åãå¹æãããã¨ããèªèãæã¤ãã¨ã¯å¯è½ã§ããããã ããç¾å¨ã®ã¨ãããç¾å®ã®ä¾¡å¤ã®ããã¨ããBitcoinã ãã§å ¨ã¦å®çµããããã¨ã¯ã§ãããã©ããã¦ãç¾å®ä¸çã§ä½¿ã£ã¦ããåããã«ã®ãã£ã¢ããé貨ã¨ã®æ¥ç¹ãæããªãã¨ãããªããããããå¤ãã®äººãå½å®¶ã¯ããã£ã¢ããé貨ã«æ»ãå½¢ã§ã®Settlementãäºå®ä¸å¿ è¦ã¨ãã¦ãããããããBitcoinãããã³ã«ã«ã¯ããã£ã¢ããé貨ã§ã®Settlementã®æ©è½ã¯åå¨ããªããããå¿ ç¶çã«Bitcoinã®ä¸çã®å¤å´ã«Settlementã®æ©è½ã追å ã§æã¤å¿ è¦ãããããããã交ææã販売æã®æ£ä½ã§ããã
Bitcoinã®ãããã³ã«ä»æ§ä¸ããããã¯ã®åæãè¦ã確çã0%ã«åæãããã¨ã¯ãªããããããããªç¢ºçã§ãå¾ã§è¦ãå¯è½æ§ããããã¾ããæå·æè¡ãã®ãã®ããéµç®¡çã®åé¡ã§ããPaymentã®é¨åã§åé¡ãçããå¯è½æ§ããããåè¿°ã®éããå ¨ã¦ã®åå è ã«éç¨ã³ã¹ããããããããã§ããPaymentã®é¨åã§ãTrusted Third Partyããªããã¦ãå ¬éæ¤è¨¼ã§ããããã«ã§ãããã¨ãBitcoinã®ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã主張ãã¦ãããã¨ã ããã®æå³ã§ãSatoshiãPaymentã¨ããç¹ã«æ³¨ææ·±ãéä¸ãããã¨ã¯ãæ·±ãèªèãã¹ããã¨ã§ããã
ãªããPaperã®ä¸ã«ææ¡æè¡ã説æããåèªã¨ãã¦Currencyã¯ä½¿ããã¦ããªããã¤ã¾ããBitcoinãCryptocurrencyããããã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ä¸é¨ã§ä½¿ããã¦ããVirtual Currencyã¨ãã¦ç´¹ä»ããã®ã¯ãå ã®Satoshi Paperã®è¶£æ¨ã«ã¯åè´ããªããä¸æ¹ã§ãPaperã®ã¿ã¤ãã«ã«Cashã¨ããåèªã使ããã¦ãããããããå¤ãã®äººãSatoshi Paperã§ä¸»å¼µãã¦ãããã¨ä»¥ä¸ãæå¾ ããã¨ãã誤解ãæ±ããã¦ããåå ã«ã¯ãªã£ã¦ããã¨èãããããããããSatoshi Paperã®ãã©ã¹ãã¢ãã«ãèããæãå ¨ã¦ã®ããã¨ããBitcoinã®ã¿ã§è¡ããããã¤ã¾ããã®ç³»ã®ä¸ã§å ¨ã¦ã®ç©äºãå ¨ã¦å®çµããã®ã§ããã°ãCashã¨ãã¦èãã¦ãããã¨ããææ³ãå°ãã«ãã¿åºã¦ããã¨è¨ããããã ãããã®ç¹ã«ã¤ãã¦ããåããã«ãªã©ã®ãã£ã¢ããé貨ã¨ã®äº¤æã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ããã¯ãå°ãã主張ããã¦ããªããã¨ã«ã¯æ³¨æãå¿ è¦ã§ããã
Without Trusted Third Partyãä¿ãããå¢çç·
Satoshi Paperã示ãããã®ãããå°ãæ·±ãèããããããã¯ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®å¤§ããªã¡ãªããã¨ãã¦å§ä¼ããã¦ãããéä¸å¤®é権ããSatoshiã®è¡¨ç¾ãåããã¨Without Trusted Third Partyã®é¨åã§ããããã¡ãããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«é åãæãã¦ãã人ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã¯ãéè¦ãªæ§è³ªã ãããããç©äºãã©ãã¾ã§éä¸å¤®é権çã«ã§ããããã¨ãã主張ã¨ãã¦ãSatoshiã示ããä¸çã®å¢çç·ãèãããã¨ã¯éè¦ã ã
ã¤ã¾ããSatoshiã®Paperã¯ãäºéæ¯æãã®é²æ¢ã¨Paymentã®ç¯å²ã§ããã°ãWithout Trusted Third Partyã§ããã¾ãåããã¨ããä¸çã®å¢çç·ã主張ãã¦ãããããããããããä¸æ©è¶³ãè¸ã¿åºãããã©ããªãããã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ä½ã主張ãã¦ããªããããã¯å¤§ããªãã¤ã³ãã ãå ã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ã交ææã販売æã¯ãæããã«Satoshiã®ä¸çã®ããã«å¤å´ã ãã¾ããSatoshiã®Paperã主張ãã¦ãããã¨ã¯ããPaymentã®è¨é²ã®å¸³ç°¿ãæ´æ°ãããã¨ãã¨ãããã¸ãã¹ãã¸ãã¯ã«éå®ããã°ãWithout Trusted Third Partyã§ããã¾ãããã¨ãããã¨ã«ãããªããã¤ã¾ãããã以å¤ã®ãã¸ãã¹ãã¸ãã¯ã¯ããã¯ãSatoshiã®ä¸çã®å¤å´ã§ãããSatoshiã示ããã®ã¯ãPaymentã®ãã¼ã¿ã®èç©ãæ£ããæ´æ°ãããã¨ããæ¼ç®ã«å¯¾ããTrustã§ããããã以å¤ã®ããã»ã¹ã ã£ããããã¸ãã¹ãæ£ããéè¡ãããã¨ããæå³ã§ã®Trustã¨Creditï¼Trustã¨ã®å¾®å¦ãªãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ã®éããããï¼ã¯ä½ãä¿è¨¼ã¯ãªãã
å¤ãã®ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®ããã¸ã§ã¯ãã¯ãSatoshiã®ä¸çã®ä¸ã§ã¯ä½ãéæãããã¾ããã®ä¸çã®ä¸ãå®å ¨ã«ä¿ã¤ã®ã«ã¯ã©ã®ãããªåªåãå¿ è¦ã§ãããããã«Satoshiã®ä¸çã®å¤å´ã¯å ¨ãæã£ã¦ä½ã®æ¤è¨¼ããªãå±éºæ¥µã¾ããªãä¸çã§ãããã¨ããåºå¥ãã¤ãã¦ããªãããã«è¦ããããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ãå©ç¨ãã¦ãããããªã¤ããã¼ã·ã§ã³ãèµ·ãããã¨ãæå¾ ãã¦ãæ¥ã ç 究ãè¡ã£ã¦ããããä¸æ¹ã§ã確èªããã¦ããå¢çç·ã¯ã©ãã§ãèªåã¯ãã®å£ã®å å´ã«ããã®ããå¤å´ã«ããã®ããå¤å´ã«ããã¨ããã¨ãSatoshiãè¨ã£ã¦ããªãã£ãé¨åã«ã¤ãã¦ããã£ããå®å ¨æ§ãæ ä¿ã§ãã¦ããã®ãã«ã¤ãã¦ã常ã«ã極ãã¦æ³¨ææ·±ããªãå¿ è¦ãããã
ãã©ã¹ãã¢ãã«ã®åµé ã¸ã®ææ¦
ãä»åã®åé¡ã¯åå¼æã®åé¡ã§ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®å®å ¨æ§ã¨ã¯é¢ä¿ãªããã¨ãã主張ãé »ç¹ã«ç®ã«ãããæè¡çã«ã¿ãã°ããã®ã¹ãã¼ãã¡ã³ãã¯ããæå³æ£ãããããã®ããã«ã¹ãã¼ã¯ãã«ãã¼ãççµåã«ãããã¨ã«ã¯å¤å¤§ãªã¡ãªãããããã®ã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯æ§ã ãªç 究ã¨æ¨æºåã«æãã§ããããããããã¸ãã¹ã絡ããã¨ããã®ä¸»å¼µã«ã¯ç義ãçãããããã¯ãBitcoinã®ãããªãã¯ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ãããã³ã«ã¯Paymentã®æ å ±ãæ£ããå¦çããããã¨ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ããç¨åº¦ã®ç¢ºãããããæä¾ãã¦ãããã®ã®ãç¾å®ã®ä¸çã®Settlementãããã«ã¯ãåå¼æãªã©ã®Settlementã®æ©è½ããã¤å¤é¨æ©é¢ãå¿ è¦ã¨ãã¦ããããã§ãããã¾ããå¤ãã®ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ããã¸ã§ã¯ãã¯ãäºå®ä¸åå¼æãåå¨ãããã¨ã§ãããã¿ã¤ãºããã¸ãã¹ã¨ãã¦æç«ãã¦ãããéã«åå¼æãåå¨ããªãä¸çã ã¨ãç¾å¨ã®ãããªå¤ãã®ããã¸ã§ã¯ãã¯ããããã¹ã¿ã¼ãããªããããããªãããããç¾å®ã®ä¸çã¨ã®ã¤ã³ã¿ãã§ã¼ã¹ãæã¡ãªãããã¸ãã¹ã¨ã³ã·ã¹ãã ãä½ãããã®ã§ããã°ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã¨ã³ã·ã¹ãã ã®å®å ¨æ§ã®è°è«ã¨ãã¦ä¸ä½ã¨ãã¦èããªãã¨ãããªããããã¿ã¤ãºã®è¦³ç¹ã§ããç¾å¨ã®ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã¯åç¬ã§ã¯çããããªãã®ã ãç¾æç¹ã§ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®è¦³ç¹ã§ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ãåãé¢ãããã®ã§ããã°ãåå¼æç¡ãã«å ¨ã¦ã®æ´»åï¼ç¨éãããè¦å¯ãèªè¡éã®çµè²»ãå ¨ã¦ã®å ¬çæ´»åãªã©ãã¨ã³ã·ã¹ãã ãç¶æããå ¨ã¦ã®è²»ç¨ï¼ãããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã§ç®¡çãããã®æå·é貨ã§è³ãå¿ è¦ããããå°æ¥çã«ã¯ãããããæ¥ã¯æ¥ãå¯è½æ§ã¯ããããç¾å¨ã®æè¡ã¨ãã©ã¹ãã¢ãã«ã®è¨è¨ã§ã¯ãããªã£ã¦ããªãã
ã¤ã¾ãã¯ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã§ããã¿ã¤ãºããã¸ãã¹ãããã«ã¯ãå¢çç·ã®å å´ã¨å¤å´ã®ä¸¡æ¹ã§ãã·ã¹ãã ã«é¢ãã£ã¦ãã人ãã¡ã®ãã¡ãAããã¯æ£ç´ã«è¡åãããã¨ãä»®å®ãã¦ãBããã¯æªããã¨ãããå¯è½æ§ãããã¨ããæ³å®ãä½ããã¨ãã¤ã¾ããã©ã¹ãã¢ãã«ã®è°è«ãæåã«èµ·ãããªãã¨ãããªããããã§ãªãã¨ãã·ã¹ãã ã«åå ããç»å ´äººç©ã¨ãããã³ã«ãè¦å®ã§ãããã©ã®ãããªã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãå¿ è¦ãããã®è¨è¨ããããã¨ãã§ããªããå ã«ãBitcoinã示ããWithout Trusted Third Partyã®ä¸çã®è©±ãæ¸ããããSatoshiã¯ãBitcoinã®Paperã«ããã¦ããã®ä¸çã®å¤å´ã§èµ·ãããã¨ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ä½ã主張ãã¦ããªããã¤ã¾ãããã®å¢çç·ãè¸ã¿å¤ããç¬éã«ããã®è©¦ã¿ã®æ£å½æ§ã主張ããç®çã§Satoshiã®Paperãç«èç¹ã«ãããã¨ã¯ã§ããªããªããåèã«ãããã¨ã¯ã§ãããããããªãããã¾ã£ããæ°ãããã©ã¹ãã¢ãã«ã®è°è«ãå§ããå¿ è¦ãããã
æçµçã«ã¯ãSatoshiã®Paperã示ãçæ³ãé²ããPKIã«ãããèªè¨¼å±ã®ããã«èª°ããæ£ããéç¨ããã¦ãããã¨ã«ç«èããªãã¨ã·ã¹ãã å ¨ä½ããã©ã¹ãã§ããªãã¨ããã¢ããªã±ã¼ã·ã§ã³é åãæ¸ããåä¸é害ç¹ããªããããªWithout Trusted Third Partyã§ãããã©ã¹ãã¢ãã«ã§è¡¨ç¾ã§ãã対象ãPaymentããããåºç¯ã«ãªãããã®çµæã¨ãã¦æ§ã ãªã¢ããªã±ã¼ã·ã§ã³ã§åå¼æã®ãããªçµç¹ã«ä¿¡é ¼ã®ä»®å®ãç½®ããªãã¦ãè¯ãä¸çã«ç§»è¡ãããã¨ãããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®ã¨ã³ã·ã¹ãã ã®ç®æãã¨ããã ããã®ããã«å¢çç·ãã注ææ·±ããå¾ã ã«åºããå¿ è¦ããããç¾å®ã«ã¯ãã¢ããªã±ã¼ã·ã§ã³ã«ãã£ã¦ãã©ãã¾ã§Without Trusted Third Partyã®ä¸çã§å¦çãè¡ããã¨ãã§ãã¦ãã©ã®ä¸»ä½ã«ã¯ãã種ã®trustãä»®å®ããããã¨ããè²åããã¾ã¡ã¾ã¡ã ããã®ããããããªãã¯ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«ãã£ã¦ããããããã¤ããã¼ã·ã§ã³ã®æ°ä¸»åãèããã¨ããæ§ã ãªãã©ã¹ãã¢ãã«ã«å¯¾å¿ã§ããããã«ãããªãã¯ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®ã¬ã¤ã¤ã¼ãè¨è¨ããªããã2008å¹´ã«Satoshiã示ãããã©ã¹ãã¢ãã«ã®å¢çç·ããæ°å¦çã«æ³¨ææ·±ãåºãã¦ããã¨ãã試ã¿ããã¦ããå¿ è¦ãããã2016å¹´ã«èµ·ããThe DAOäºä»¶ã¯ãEthereumä¸ã®ãã©ãããã©ã¼ã ã§ããThe DAOããå¢çç·ãåºããéã«æ³¨æã足ãã¦ããªããã¨ããèµ·ããã50åå以ä¸ãæµåºãã寸åã¾ã§è¡ã£ããåå¼æã販売æãããç¾å¨ã®Bitcoinãå¤ãã®æå·é貨ã¯ãããããSatoshiã®ä¸çã®å¢çç·ãé¸è±ãã¦ããããã®ä¸ã§ãããããªæ°ããªã¤ããã¼ã·ã§ã³ã®æ³åããã¦ãã注ææ·±ãå¢çç·ãåºãããã¨ã«ã¯ãªã£ã¦ããªããããããå¿ è¦ãªã®ã¯ããã©ã¹ãã¢ãã«ã¨ãã¦ã注ææ·±ããã¤ãå°ããã¤å¢çç·ãåºãã¦ããã¨ããä½æ¥ã§ãããEthereumã®ãã¼ã ããã®åªåããã¦ããããBPASE2018ã§ã¯Bitcoinã®ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«ããã¦ãå®å ¨ã«å¢çç·ãåºããããã®å¦çç°å¢ã«é¢ããçºè¡¨ãè¡ããã¦ããã
ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ ã¨ã³ã·ã¹ãã ãèããã¨ãã«èã«å½ããªãã¨ãããªããã¨
ãã®ãã¨ã¯ãã¾ãç¥ããã¦ããªãããSatoshiã®Paperã¯ããããããã¢ã¬ãã¥ã¼ï¼æ»èªï¼ã®ããã»ã¹ãçµã¦ããªããã¤ã¾ãããã®æ£å½æ§ã«ã¤ãã¦æ¤è¨¼ãçµãä¸ã§å ¬éããã¦ããããã§ã¯ãªããä¸çä¸ã®ç 究è ãå¾è¿½ãã§ããã®Paperãæå³ãã¦ããã¨ãããæ¤è¨¼ãã¦ããã¨ããã ãç¾å®ã«ã¯ãSatoshiã®Paperã®æè¡å 容ãæ¬å½ã«å®å ¨ã§ãããã©ããã®æ¤è¨¼ã¯æ¸ãã§ããªããããã¯ãSatoshiã®ä¸çã®å å´ã®è©±ã ã
ãã®ä¸ã§ãç¾å®ã®ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®ãã¸ãã¹ãã¨ã³ã·ã¹ãã ã®ã»ã¨ãã©ã¯ã確èªããã¦ããå¢çç·ã®å¤å´ã«è¶³ãè¸ã¿åºãã¦ãããããããããä¸è¬å¸æ°ã®ãéããå¯ä»ã«ããå®é¨ã§ã¯ãªãããã¸ãã¹ã¨ãã¦1åã§ãæ±ããããªã·ã¹ãã ãä½ãããã®ã§ããã°ãå¢çç·ãã¯ã¿åºãé¨åã«ã¤ãã¦ã®æ³¨ææ·±ãæ¤è¨¼ãä¸å¯æ¬ ã ãããã¯ãæè¡ã ãã§ãªããçç·´ããã¨ã³ã¸ãã¢ã¨ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®ããã®ãã¼ã ã«ããéç¨ãå¿ è¦ã§ãããããã¦ããã®çç·´ããæè½ãæã£ã¦ãã人ã¯éããã¦ãã¦ãé«å¾ éã§ãè¦ã¤ãããã©ããããããªããã¨ã«ã注æãå¿ è¦ã ã
æè¡é¢ã ããèãã¦ãããã¸ãã¹ã¢ã¤ãã£ã¢ãææ³ãããã¦æ ç±ã§ã¯å®å ¨æ§ã¯æ ä¿ã§ããªãããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ä¸ã®ãã¸ãã¹ã¯ããã°ã©ã ã³ã¼ãã¨ãã¦å®è¡ããã以ä¸ãæçµçã«ã¯æ å ±æ°å¦ã®è°è«ã«ç«èããªãã¨ãããªããããã¦ãã®è°è«ã¯é常ã«é«åº¦ã§ãããå¾æ¥ã®Webç³»ã®éçºã¨ã¯å ¨ãç°ãªããã¨ã¸ã®æ·±ãç解ãå¿ è¦ã ãæå·ã¨ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã¨ãéãæ±ãã·ã¹ãã ã¸ã®è¦æãå¿ è¦ã§ããã
ç§ãä½ãã§ããã·ãªã³ã³ãã¬ã¼ãä¸å¿ã«ãFail Fastã¨ããæ©ã失æããã¦ãããè¯ããµã¼ãã¹ãè¦ã¤ãã¦ããã¨ããæåããããããã¯ã¤ããã¼ã·ã§ã³ã«ã¯é常ã«æå¹ãªæ段ã§ãããç¹ã«ã¦ã¼ã¶ã¼ä½é¨ï¼UXï¼ãåä¸ãããã®ã«é常ã«é©ããæ¹æ³ã ããããããéã絡ãã ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«é¢ãã¦ã¯ããã®ãããªãã ãã§ã¯å¤±æããå¯è½æ§ã¯é«ããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®ã¨ãã¹ãã¼ããå ããæè¡ãä¿è¨¼ãã¦ããé¨åã¨ãä¿è¨¼ãã¦ããªãé¨åã«æ·±ã注æãæãã¹ãã ããããã§ããªãã®ã§ããã°ãå¯ä»ã«ããå®é¨ã«ã¨ã©ããã¹ãã§ããã
ãæå·é貨ï¼ä»®æ³é貨ï¼ã¯çµãããããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã¯ãä»å¾æè¡éçºãé²ã¿ææã ãã¨ãã主張ãè¦ãããããã®ä¸»å¼µãæ£ãããã¯ããããªãããçè ã¯æå·é貨ãã¯ããã¨ãããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®å°æ¥ã®ããã«ä»äºããã¦ãããããä»å¾æè¡éçºãé²ã¿ãã®é¨åã¯ãããã¾ã§è¿°ã¹ãããã«æ¥µãã¦å°éã§æéããããç 究éçºã§ããããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã¹ã¿ã¼ãã¢ããã«ä¿¡ããããªãé¡ã®æè³ãéã¾ãä¸æ¹ã§ããã®ãããªå°éãªä½æ¥ãè¡ã人ã«è³éãã»ã¨ãã©è¡ã£ã¦ããªãã®ãç¾ç¶ã ããã®ãããªå°éãªç 究ããã人ã¯ãå ´åã«ãã£ã¦ã¯ï¼éä¸å¤®é権ã®ææ³ã¨ã¯ããããããããªãï¼å ¬çãªè³éã§éããã大å¦ã®æå¡ãç 究è ã§ãããããã®äººãã¡ã«ä»å¾ã®ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®å°æ¥ãè¨ããã¦ããå²ã«ãé²å±ããæè¡ã¯ã©ããããç¡æã§æ¹§ãã¦ããããã«èãã¦ãã人ãã»ã¨ãã©ã ã¨ããã¨ããããããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ãæ¬å½ã«ç¤¾ä¼åºç¤ã¨ãªããã¨ã¯ãªãã ãããåé ã«ç´¹ä»ããBPASEã®2018å¹´ã®ä¼è°ã§çè ã¯ããã°ã©ã å§å¡ãåããããå¥ãããã³ã¤ã³ãã§ãã¯äºä»¶ãèµ·ããåãã¿ã¤ãã³ã°ã§ã¹ã¿ã³ãã©ã¼ã大å¦ã§è¡ãããã300人ã®ä¼å ´ã«600人ã®ç³ãè¾¼ã¿ãããã»ã©ã®çå£ãã§ä¸çä¸ãããããã®æè¡è ã¨ç 究è ãéã¾ããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®åé¡ãæ´»çºã«è°è«ãããããæ¥æ¬äººã§åå ããã®ã¯ç§ãå«ãã¦3人ã§ãæ¥æ¬ã§ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³äºæ¥ãè¡ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£ä¸è²¬ä»»ãããä¼æ¥ããã®åå ã¯å ¨ããªãã¨ãããå¯ããããããã¿ã¤ãã³ã°ãèããã¨ç®èãªç¶æ³ã ã£ããå°éã ããä»å¾ããã«æ¬è³ªçãªã¤ã³ãã©æ´åã¨ç¶æã«é¢ããå ¨ã¦ã®äººã«æçãªã¨ã³ã·ã¹ãã ãä½ãããããã³ã¤ã³ãã§ãã¯ã®ã¤ã³ã·ãã³ããçºçããä»ããèããã¹ãæãªã®ã§ã¯ãªãã ãããã
è¬è¾
æ¬è¨äºã®å·çã«ãããã³ã¡ã³ãããã ãããä¸åå²å¤ªéæ§ãå´æå¤å½¦æ§ãé´æ¨èåæ§ã«æè¬ãããã¾ãã
èè
æ¾å°¾çä¸éï¼Shinâichiro Matsuoï¼
Georgetown University, Department of Computer Science, Research Professor. Blockchain Technology and Ecosystem Design (B-TED) Research Center, Director.
ã·ãªã³ã³ãã¬ã¼ãæ ç¹ã¨ãã¦æ´»åããæå·ã¨æ å ±ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®ç 究è ã ã¢ã«ããã¢ã®ç«å ´ãããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³æè¡ãæçãããæ´»åãè¡ãããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«é¢ããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãä¸å¿ã¨ããç 究ææãçºè¡¨ãã¦ãããã¸ã§ã¼ã¸ã¿ã¦ã³å¤§å¦Department of Computer Scienceã®ç 究ææã¨ãã¦ãBlockchain Technology and Ecosytem Designï¼B-TEDï¼ç 究ã»ã³ã¿ã¼ã®Directorãåãã¦ãããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãæ±äº¬å¤§å¦ãæ ¶æ義塾大å¦ãä¸å¿ã¨ãããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«é¢ããä¸ç«ãªç£å¦é£æºã®ããã®BASEã¢ã©ã¤ã¢ã³ã¹ãç«ã¡ä¸ããæ±äº¬å¤§å¦çç£æè¡ç 究æã»ãªãµã¼ããã§ãã¼ãæ ¶æ義塾大å¦å¤§å¦é¢æ¿çã»ã¡ãã£ã¢ç 究ç§ç¹ä»»ææã¨ãã¦ãæ´»åä¸ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³å°éå¦è¡èªLEDGERèªã¨ãã£ã¿ãIEEE, ACM, W3C, BPASEçã®ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³å¦è¡ä¼è°ãScaling Bitcoinã®ããã°ã©ã å§å¡ãåããã2018å¹´10æ6æ¥ã7æ¥ã«æ±äº¬ã§è¡ãããScaling Bitcoin 2018 Tokyoã®å ±åããã°ã©ã å§å¡é·ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®ä¸ç«ãªå¦è¡ç 究å½éãããã¯ã¼ã¯BSafe.networkããã¸ã§ã¯ãå ±åè¨ç«è ãISO TC307ã«ãããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã«é¢ããTechnical Reportããã¸ã§ã¯ãã®ãªã¼ãã¼ã»ã¨ãã£ã¿ãã¾ãããã³ã»ãã¥ãªãã£åéã®å½éãªã¨ã¾ã³ãåãããéå»ã«ã¯ISO/IEC JTC1ã«ãããæå·æè¡ã®æ¨æºåã®æ¥æ¬National Bodyã®ä»£è¡¨ãé»åæ¿åºæ¨å¥¨æå·ãå®ããæå·æè¡æ¤è¨ä¼æ§æå¡ãæ´ä»»ã