'+pages+''); $('.stream > div:odd').addClass('bgr_color'); updateHeight('#history'); }); window.activateTabArea = ensure(function(tab, areas){ var parsed = false; var parts = (areas || '').split('/'); window.fsonload = $.inArray('fs', parts) >= 0; if(fsonload){ parts.splice(parts.indexOf('fs'), 1); } var replayMode = false; if($.inArray('replay', parts)>=0){ replayMode = 'replay'; } var noSoundMode = false; if($.inArray('nosound', parts)>=0){ noSoundMode = 'nosound'; } if($.inArray('ns', parts)>=0){ noSoundMode = 'ns'; } var previewMode = null; if($.inArray('p', parts)>=0){ previewMode = 'p'; } if($.inArray('preview', parts)>=0){ previewMode = 'preview'; } if($.inArray('repeat', parts)>=0){ replayMode = 'repeat'; } if($.inArray('r', parts)>=0 || $.inArray('ro', parts)>=0){ replayMode = 'r'; } if(replayMode){ parts.splice(parts.indexOf(replayMode), 1); } if(noSoundMode){ parts.splice(parts.indexOf(noSoundMode), 1); } if(previewMode){ parts.splice(parts.indexOf(previewMode), 1); } if(previewMode){ if(!parts.length){ parts = ['1-14', '999:59']; } } var area = parts[0]; if(tab == 'history' && false){ var page = parseInt(area || '1') || 1; $.ajax({ url: 'https://login.wn.com/recent/json/?pp='+history_pp+'&skip='+history_pp*(page-1), dataType: 'jsonp', success: function(response){ $ensure(function(){ renderHistory(response, page); }); } }); return true; } if(tab == 'global_history' && false){ var page = parseInt(area || '1') || 1; globalHistory.fetchStream(page, '', function(){ updateHeight('#global_history'); }); return true; } if(tab == 'my_playlists' && false){ var page = parseInt(area || '1') || 1; myPlaylists.fetchStream(page, '', function(){ updateHeight('#my_playlists'); }); return true; } if(tab == 'my_videos' && false){ var page = parseInt(area || '1') || 1; myVideos.fetchStream(page, '', function(){ updateHeight('#my_videos'); }); return true; } if(tab == 'related_sites' && areas && matchPosition(areas)){ var seconds = parsePosition(areas); scrollRelated(seconds); return false; } if(matchPosition(area) || matchAction(area)){ parts.unshift('1'); area = parts[0]; } if(tab == 'expand' && area && area.match(/\d+/)) { var num = parseInt(area); if(num < 100){ //FIX ME. 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if(vp.getCurrentVideo() == playQueue[playQueuePosition].video){ playQueueAdvancePosition(); }else{ playShouldStart = null; } } }, 500); vp.playerContainer.bind('videoplayer.player.statechange', function(e, state){ if(state == 'ended'){ // advance to the next video playQueueAdvancePosition(); } }); vp.playerContainer.bind('videoplayer.player.readychange', function(e, state){ if(state){ updateVolumeState(); if(playShouldStart !== null){ vp.seekTo(playShouldStart); playShouldStart = null; }else{ playShouldStop = null; // someone started other video, stop playing from playQueue } } if(fsonload) { triggerFullscreen(playerId); fsonload = false; } }); } } else if(tab.match(/^wiki\d+$/)){ if(firstTimeActivate){ load_wiki($('#'+tab), function(){ if(area){ var areaNode = $('#'+area); if(areaNode.length>0){ $('html, body').scrollTop(areaNode.offset().top + 10); return true; } } }); } } return parsed; }) window.activateTab = ensure(function(tab, area){ window.activeArea = null; if(tab == 'import_videos'){ if(area){ import_videos(area); 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Electron paramagnetic resonance

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a technique for studying materials with unpaired electrons. The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but it is electron spins that are excited instead of the spins of atomic nuclei. EPR spectroscopy is particularly useful for studying metal complexes or organic radicals. EPR was first observed in Kazan State University by Soviet physicist Yevgeny Zavoisky in 1944, and was developed independently at the same time by Brebis Bleaney at the University of Oxford.

Theory

Origin of an EPR signal

Every electron has a magnetic moment and spin quantum number  s = \tfrac{1}{2} , with magnetic components  m_\mathrm{s} = + \tfrac{1}{2} and  m_\mathrm{s} = - \tfrac{1}{2} . In the presence of an external magnetic field with strength  B_\mathrm{0} , the electron's magnetic moment aligns itself either parallel ( m_\mathrm{s} = - \tfrac{1}{2} ) or antiparallel ( m_\mathrm{s} = + \tfrac{1}{2} ) to the field, each alignment having a specific energy due to the Zeeman effect:

where

  •  g_e is the electron's so-called g-factor (see also the Landé g-factor),  g_\mathrm{e} = 2.0023 for the free electron,
  • Magnetic resonance

    Magnetic resonance can mean:

  • Nuclear magnetic resonance, a physical phenomenon
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Electron paramagnetic resonance
  • Medicine

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a medical imaging technique
  • Magnetic resonance (quantum mechanics)

    Magnetic resonance is a phenomenon that affects a Magnetic dipole when placed in a uniform static magnetic field. Its energy is split into a finite number of energy levels, depending on the value of quantum number of angular momentum. This is similar to energy quantization for atoms, say e in H atom; in this case the atom, in interaction to an external electric field, transitions between different energy levels by absorbing or emitting photons. Similarly if a magnetic dipole is perturbed with electromagnetic field of proper frequency(E/{{h}}\,), it can transit between its energy eigenstates, but as the separation between energy eigenvalues is small, the frequency of the photon will be the microwave or radio frequency range. If the dipole is tickled with a field of another frequency, it is unlikely to transition. This phenomenon is similar to that, when a system is acted on by a periodic force of frequency equal to its natural frequency.

    Quantum mechanical explanation

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    MRI physics overview | MRI Physics Course | Radiology Physics Course #1
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    MRI physics overview | MRI Physics Course | Radiology Physics Course #1

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    *High yield radiology physics past paper questions with video answers* Perfect for testing yourself prior to your radiology physics exam 👇 ➡️ X-RAY, ULTRASOUND AND MRI BUNDLE (SAVE over 25%): https://www.radiologytuts.com/bundles/x-ray-ultrasound-and-mri-question-banks ➡️ X-RAY QUESTION BANK: https://www.radiologytuts.com/courses/xray-physics-question-bank ➡️ ULTRASOUND QUESTION BANK: https://www.radiologytuts.com/courses/ultrasound-physics-question-bank ➡️ MRI QUESTION BANK: https://www.radiologytuts.com/courses/mri-physics-question-bank ========================= *I have also created two RADIOPAEDIA LEARNING PATHWAYS* https://bit.ly/radiopaediaphysics (👈 25% OFF DISCOUNT LINK) WHAT’S INCLUDED? ✅This YouTube series Ad free ✅Constantly updated Radiopaedia articles ✅Summary slides ✅Key take home bullet points throughout ✅Multiple review quizzes ✅Short answer review questions ✅Official Radiopaedia course completion certificate ✅AMA PRA Category 1 Credits ™️ 25% discount using this link: https://bit.ly/radiopaediaphysics ========================= SIGN UP TO MY MONTHLY EMAIL NEWSLETTER 👉 https://bit.ly/3ruLh3d *Not sure if the question banks are for you?* If you're here, you're likely studying for a radiology physics exam. I've spent the last few months collating past papers from multiple different countries selecting the most commonly asked questions. You'll be surprised how often questions repeat themselves! The types of questions asked in FRCR, RANZCR AIT, ARRT, FC Rad Diag (SA), ABR qualifying Core Physics and MICR part 1 are surprisingly similar and the key concepts remain the same throughout. I've taken the most high-yield questions and answered them in video format so that I can take you through why certain answers are correct and others are not. Happy studying, Michael #radiology #radres #FOAMrad #FOAMed
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    What to Expect: Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MRE) Scans
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    What to Expect: Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MRE) Scans

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    Do you have an upcoming MRE scan scheduled at St. Louis Children’s Hospital? Watch this video to learn what to expect during your visit.
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    Electron paramagnetic resonance

    Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a technique for studying materials with unpaired electrons. The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but it is electron spins that are excited instead of the spins of atomic nuclei. EPR spectroscopy is particularly useful for studying metal complexes or organic radicals. EPR was first observed in Kazan State University by Soviet physicist Yevgeny Zavoisky in 1944, and was developed independently at the same time by Brebis Bleaney at the University of Oxford.

    Theory

    Origin of an EPR signal

    Every electron has a magnetic moment and spin quantum number  s = \tfrac{1}{2} , with magnetic components  m_\mathrm{s} = + \tfrac{1}{2} and  m_\mathrm{s} = - \tfrac{1}{2} . In the presence of an external magnetic field with strength  B_\mathrm{0} , the electron's magnetic moment aligns itself either parallel ( m_\mathrm{s} = - \tfrac{1}{2} ) or antiparallel ( m_\mathrm{s} = + \tfrac{1}{2} ) to the field, each alignment having a specific energy due to the Zeeman effect:

    where

  •  g_e is the electron's so-called g-factor (see also the Landé g-factor),  g_\mathrm{e} = 2.0023 for the free electron,
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