tokio-cron-scheduler

Use cron-like scheduling in an async tokio environment. Also, schedule tasks instantly or repeat them at a fixed duration. Task data can optionally be persisted using PostgreSQL or Nats.

Inspired by https://github.com/lholden/job_scheduler

Usage

Please see the Documentation for more details.

Be sure to add the job_scheduler crate to your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
tokio-cron-scheduler = "*"

Creating a schedule for a job is done using any ToString impl, leveraging the Cron type of the croner library.

The scheduling format is as follows:

sec   min   hour   day of month   month   day of week   year
*     *     *      *              *       *             *

Time is specified for UTC and not your local timezone. Note that the year may be omitted. If you want for your timezone, append _tz to the job creation calls (for instance Job::new_async vs Job::new_async_tz).

Comma-separated values such as 5,8,10 represent more than one time value. So for example, a schedule of 0 2,14,26 * * * * would execute on the 2nd, 14th, and 26th minute of every hour.

Ranges can be specified with a dash. A schedule of 0 0 * 5-10 * * would execute once per hour but only on days 5 through 10 of the month.

The day of the week can be specified as an abbreviation or the full name. A schedule of 0 0 6 * * Sun,Sat would execute at 6 am on Sunday and Saturday.

Per job, you can be notified when the jobs were started, stopped and removed. Because these notifications are scheduled using tokio::spawn, the order of these are not guaranteed if the task finishes quickly.

A simple usage example:

use std::time::Duration;
use tokio_cron_scheduler::{Job, JobScheduler, JobSchedulerError};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), JobSchedulerError> {
    let mut sched = JobScheduler::new().await?;

    // Add basic cron job
    sched.add(
        Job::new("1/10 * * * * *", |_uuid, _l| {
            println!("I run every 10 seconds");
        })?
    ).await?;

    // Add async job
    sched.add(
        Job::new_async("1/7 * * * * *", |uuid, mut l| {
            Box::pin(async move {
                println!("I run async every 7 seconds");

                // Query the next execution time for this job
                let next_tick = l.next_tick_for_job(uuid).await;
                match next_tick {
                    Ok(Some(ts)) => println!("Next time for 7s job is {:?}", ts),
                    _ => println!("Could not get next tick for 7s job"),
                }
            })
        })?
    ).await?;

    // Needs the `english` feature enabled
    sched.add(
        Job::new_async("every 4 seconds", |uuid, mut l| {
            Box::pin(async move {
                println!("I run async every 4 seconds");

                // Query the next execution time for this job
                let next_tick = l.next_tick_for_job(uuid).await;
                match next_tick {
                    Ok(Some(ts)) => println!("Next time for 4s job is {:?}", ts),
                    _ => println!("Could not get next tick for 4s job"),
                }
            })
        })?
    );

    // Add one-shot job with given duration
    sched.add(
        Job::new_one_shot(Duration::from_secs(18), |_uuid, _l| {
            println!("I only run once");
        })?
    ).await?;

    // Create repeated job with given duration, make it mutable to edit it afterwards
    let mut jj = Job::new_repeated(Duration::from_secs(8), |_uuid, _l| {
        println!("I run repeatedly every 8 seconds");
    })?;

    // Add actions to be executed when the jobs starts/stop etc.
    jj.on_start_notification_add(&sched, Box::new(|job_id, notification_id, type_of_notification| {
        Box::pin(async move {
            println!("Job {:?} was started, notification {:?} ran ({:?})", job_id, notification_id, type_of_notification);
        })
    })).await?;

    jj.on_stop_notification_add(&sched, Box::new(|job_id, notification_id, type_of_notification| {
        Box::pin(async move {
            println!("Job {:?} was completed, notification {:?} ran ({:?})", job_id, notification_id, type_of_notification);
        })
    })).await?;

    jj.on_removed_notification_add(&sched, Box::new(|job_id, notification_id, type_of_notification| {
        Box::pin(async move {
            println!("Job {:?} was removed, notification {:?} ran ({:?})", job_id, notification_id, type_of_notification);
        })
    })).await?;
    sched.add(jj).await?;

    // Feature 'signal' must be enabled
    sched.shutdown_on_ctrl_c();

    // Add code to be run during/after shutdown
    sched.set_shutdown_handler(Box::new(|| {
        Box::pin(async move {
            println!("Shut down done");
        })
    }));

    // Start the scheduler
    sched.start().await?;

    // Wait while the jobs run
    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(100)).await;

    Ok(())
}

Timezone changes

You can create a job using a specific timezone using the JobBuilder API. chrono-tz is not included into the dependencies, so you need to add it to your Cargo.toml if you would like to have easy creation of a Timezone struct.

async fn tz_job() {
    let job = JobBuilder::new()
        .with_timezone(chrono_tz::Africa::Johannesburg)
        .with_cron_job_type()
        .with_schedule("*/2 * * * *")
        .unwrap()
        .with_run_async(Box::new(|uuid, mut l| {
            Box::pin(async move {
                info!("JHB run async every 2 seconds id {:?}", uuid);
                let next_tick = l.next_tick_for_job(uuid).await;
                match next_tick {
                    Ok(Some(ts)) => info!("Next time for JHB 2s is {:?}", ts),
                    _ => warn!("Could not get next tick for 2s job"),
                }
            })
        }))
        .build()
        .unwrap();
}

Similar Libraries

• job_scheduler The crate that inspired this one
• croner-rust the cron expression parser we use.
• schedule-rs is a similar rust library that implements its own cron expression parser.

License

TokioCronScheduler is licensed under either of

• Apache License, Version 2.0, (LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
• MIT license (LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)

Custom storage

The MetadataStore and NotificationStore traits can be implemented and be used in the JobScheduler.

A default volatile hashmap-based version is provided by the SimpleMetadataStore and SimpleNotificationStore. A persistent version using Nats is provided with NatsMetadataStore and NatsNotificationStore.

Contributing

Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.

Please see the CONTRIBUTING file for more information.

Features

english

Since 0.13.0

Enables the schedule text to be interpreted in English. This is done using the english-to-cron crate. For instance "every 15 seconds" will be converted in the background to "0/15 * * * * ? *".

has_bytes

Since 0.7

Enables Prost-generated data structures to be used by stores that need to get the bytes of the data structs. The Nats and Postgres stores depend on this feature being enabled.

postgres_storage

Since 0.6

Adds the Postgres metadata store and notification store (PostgresMetadataStore, PostgresNotificationStore). Use a Postgres database to store the metadata and notification data.

See PostgreSQL docs

postgres_native_tls

Since 0.6

Uses postgres-native-tls crate as the TLS provider for the PostgreSQL connection.

postgres_openssl

Since 0.6

Uses the postgres-openssl crate as the TLS provider for the PostgreSQL connection.

nats_storage

Since 0.6

Adds the Nats metadata store and notification store (NatsMetadataStore, NatsNotificationStore). Use a Nats system as a way to store the metadata and notifications.

See Nats docs

signal

Since 0.5

Adds shutdown_on_signal and shutdown_on_ctrl_c to the scheduler. Both shut the system down (stop the scheduler and remove all the tasks) when a signal is received.

As this leverages the signal handling from Tokio, this is only available on Unix systems.

Writing tests

When doing a tokio::test, remember to have it run in a multi-threaded context otherwise, the test will hang on scheduler.add().

For example:

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use tokio_cron_scheduler::{Job, JobScheduler};
    use tracing::{info, Level};
    use tracing_subscriber::FmtSubscriber;

    // Needs multi_thread to test, otherwise it hangs on scheduler.add()
    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
    // #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_schedule() {
        let subscriber = FmtSubscriber::builder()
            .with_max_level(Level::TRACE)
            .finish();
        tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(subscriber)
            .expect("Setting default subscriber failed");

        info!("Create scheduler");
        let scheduler = JobScheduler::new().await.unwrap();
        info!("Add job");
        scheduler
            .add(
                Job::new_async("*/1  * * * * *", |_, _| {
                    Box::pin(async {
                        info!("Run every seconds");
                    })
                })
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .await
            .expect("Should be able to add a job");

        scheduler.start().await.unwrap();

        tokio::time::sleep(core::time::Duration::from_secs(20)).await;
    }
}

Examples

simple

Runs the in-memory hashmap-based storage

 cargo run --example simple --features="tracing-subscriber"

postgres

Needs a running PostgreSQL instance first:

docker run --rm -it -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_USER="postgres" -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD="" -e POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD="trust" postgres:14.1

Then run the example:

POSTGRES_INIT_METADATA=true POSTGRES_INIT_NOTIFICATIONS=true cargo run --example postgres --features="postgres_storage tracing-subscriber"

nats

Needs a running Nats instance first with Jetstream enabled:

docker run --rm -it -p 4222:4222 -p 6222:6222 -p 7222:7222 -p 8222:8222 nats -js -DV

Then run the example:

cargo run --example nats --features="nats_storage tracing-subscriber"

Design

Job activity

Create job

Create notification

Delete job

Delete notification